CN209643320U - A device for automatically adjusting the depth and distance of two-row ditching - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model relates to an automatic adjustment device for the depth and distance of double-row ditching, which comprises a ditching module, a hydraulic module and a control module. The ditching module includes a left ditching frame, a right ditching frame, a left lateral adjustment bracket, a right lateral adjustment bracket, a left longitudinal adjustment bracket, a right longitudinal adjustment bracket, etc.; a double row ditching mechanism includes a left ditching frame and a right ditching frame , ditching knife, left lateral adjustment bracket, right lateral adjustment bracket, left longitudinal adjustment bracket and right longitudinal adjustment bracket, etc.; the hydraulic module includes left horizontal hydraulic cylinder, right horizontal hydraulic cylinder, left valve. The utility model can automatically adjust the depth of fertilization ditching and the distance of ditching at the same time, can detect and adjust the ditching depth in real time, and improves the utilization rate and applicability of fertilizers.

Description

A device for automatically adjusting the depth and distance of two-row ditching

technical field

The utility model relates to an automatic adjustment device for the depth and distance of two rows of ditching, which belongs to the technical field of orchard management machinery.

Background technique

Ditching is an important link, and deep application of fertilizer can promote the recovery of tree vigor and improve soil nutrients. Orchards with different tree ages, different tree species, and different soil fertility have different optimal ditch depths and distances. At present, most orchard ditching and fertilizing machines are single-row ditching and fertilization, and the efficiency of ditching and fertilization is low; there is no automatic adjustment device for ditching depth and ditching distance, and it is impossible to detect and adjust ditching depth and ditching distance in real time.

Utility model content

In order to solve the deficiencies of the prior art above, the utility model provides an automatic adjustment device for the depth and distance of double-row ditching; it can realize double-row ditching, and detect and adjust the ditching depth and ditching distance in real time.

An automatic adjustment device for the depth and distance of double row ditching, comprising a ditching module, a hydraulic module and a control module.

The ditching module includes a left ditching frame, a right ditching frame, a left ditching transmission box, a right ditching transmission box, a left ditching cutterhead, a right ditching cutterhead, a left cutterhead drive shaft, and a right cutterhead drive Shaft, ditching knife, left lateral adjustment bracket, right lateral adjustment bracket, left longitudinal adjustment bracket and right longitudinal adjustment bracket; the left ditching frame and the right ditching frame are adjustable telescopic structures; the left ditching transmission box The input end and the input end of the right ditching transmission box are connected with the external power output end; the output end of the left ditching transmission box and the output end of the right ditching transmission box are respectively connected with the drive shaft of the left ditching cutterhead and the right ditching knife The disk drive shaft is connected; the other ends of the left ditching cutter head drive shaft and the right ditching cutter head drive shaft are respectively connected with the left ditching cutter head and the right ditching cutter head; the left lateral adjustment bracket and the right lateral The adjusting brackets are respectively installed on the outer ends of the left ditching frame and the right ditching frame; ditching knives are evenly distributed on the outer edges of the left ditching cutter head and the right ditching cutter head.

The hydraulic module includes a left transverse hydraulic cylinder, a right transverse hydraulic cylinder, a left longitudinal hydraulic cylinder, a right longitudinal hydraulic cylinder and a hydraulic valve. The oil inlet of the hydraulic valve is connected to the external hydraulic mechanism, and the oil outlets of the hydraulic valve are respectively connected to the oil inlets of the left horizontal hydraulic cylinder, the right horizontal hydraulic cylinder, the left longitudinal hydraulic cylinder, and the right longitudinal hydraulic cylinder. The piston rod ends of the left horizontal hydraulic cylinder and the right horizontal hydraulic cylinder are respectively connected to the left horizontal adjustment bracket and the right horizontal adjustment bracket, and the ditching distance on the left and right sides is adjusted by the expansion and contraction of the piston rod ends of the left horizontal hydraulic cylinder and the right horizontal hydraulic cylinder; The piston rod ends of the left longitudinal hydraulic cylinder and the right longitudinal hydraulic cylinder are respectively connected with the left longitudinal adjustment bracket and the right longitudinal adjustment bracket, and the ditching depth on the left and right sides is adjusted through the expansion and contraction of the piston rod ends of the left longitudinal hydraulic cylinder and the right longitudinal hydraulic cylinder ; One end of the left horizontal hydraulic cylinder is connected to the left horizontal adjustment bracket, and the other end is connected to the left ditching frame, and the left ditching distance is adjusted through the expansion and contraction of the left horizontal hydraulic cylinder; the left longitudinal adjustment bracket is connected to the left The rear upper part of the ditching transmission box is hinged, one end of the left longitudinal hydraulic cylinder is connected to the left longitudinal adjustment bracket, and the other end is connected to the rear lower part of the left ditching transmission box, and the left ditching is adjusted through the expansion and contraction of the left longitudinal hydraulic cylinder Depth; one end of the right horizontal hydraulic cylinder is connected with the right horizontal adjustment bracket, and the other end is connected with the right ditching frame in the frame, and the right ditching distance is adjusted through the expansion and contraction of the right horizontal hydraulic cylinder; the right longitudinal adjustment The bracket is hinged to the rear upper part of the right ditching transmission box, one end of the right longitudinal hydraulic cylinder is connected to the right longitudinal adjustment bracket, and the other end is connected to the rear lower part of the right ditching transmission box, through the expansion and contraction of the right longitudinal hydraulic cylinder Adjust the depth of the ditch on the right side;

Described control module comprises left inclination sensor, right inclination sensor, left displacement sensor, right displacement sensor, single-chip microcomputer, relay, hydraulic valve and display; left longitudinal adjustment bracket connection point) on the left ditching transmission box that rotates; the input and output ends of the left inclination sensor are connected to the first input and output ends of the single-chip microcomputer respectively; the right inclination sensor is installed on the On the right ditch transmission case that the right lifting fulcrum (i.e. the right ditch transmission case and the right longitudinal adjustment bracket connection point) rotates; connected; the left displacement sensor is installed on the inside of the left lateral adjustment bracket, and is used to detect the moving distance of the left lateral adjustment bracket in real time; the input end and output end of the left displacement sensor are respectively connected to the third input end and the The output end is connected; the right displacement sensor is installed on the inside of the right lateral adjustment bracket, and is used to detect the moving distance of the right lateral adjustment bracket in real time; the input end and output end of the right displacement sensor are respectively connected with the fourth input of the single chip microcomputer terminal is connected with the output terminal; the input terminal and the output terminal of the display are connected with the fifth input terminal and the output terminal of the single-chip microcomputer respectively; the sixth output terminal of the single-chip microcomputer is connected with the input terminal of the relay, and the output terminal of the relay is connected with the input terminal of the relay. The input end of the hydraulic valve is connected, the output end of the hydraulic valve is respectively connected with the left horizontal hydraulic cylinder, the right horizontal hydraulic cylinder, the left longitudinal hydraulic cylinder, and the right longitudinal hydraulic cylinder. On the one hand, the signals from the left displacement sensor and the right displacement sensor are transmitted to the display to display the adjustment of the trenching depth and distance in real time; on the other hand, the adjustment of the trenching depth and distance is completed by controlling each hydraulic cylinder through the control relay.

The utility model can solve the problem of low fertilization efficiency in the existing ditching; can realize double row ditching, and can detect and adjust the ditching depth and ditching distance in real time.

Description of drawings

Figure 1 is the front view of the automatic ditch depth adjustment device.

Figure 2 is a structural diagram of the ditching module

Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of automatic adjustment of trench depth.

Figure 4 is a schematic diagram of automatic adjustment of ditching distance.

Fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of the calculation method of trenching depth.

In the figure: 1 left ditching frame 2 right ditching frame 3 left ditching transmission box 4 right ditching transmission box 5 left ditching cutter head 6 right ditching cutter head 7 left cutter head drive shaft 8 right cutter head drive shaft 9 Ditching knife 10 Left horizontal adjustment bracket 11 Right horizontal adjustment bracket 12 Left vertical adjustment bracket 13 Right adjustment bracket 14 Left horizontal hydraulic cylinder 15 Right horizontal hydraulic cylinder 16 Left vertical hydraulic cylinder 17 Right vertical hydraulic cylinder 18 Hydraulic valve 19 Left inclination sensor 20 Right inclination sensor 21 left displacement sensor 22 right displacement sensor 23 microcontroller 24 display 25 control terminal

Detailed ways

An automatic adjustment device for the depth and distance of double row ditching, comprising a ditching module, a hydraulic module and a control module.

The ditching module includes a left ditching frame 1, a right ditching frame 2, a left ditching transmission box 3, a right ditching transmission box 4, a left ditching cutterhead 5, a right ditching cutterhead 6, and a left cutterhead drive Shaft 7, right cutter head drive shaft 8, ditching knife 9, left lateral adjustment bracket 10, right lateral adjustment bracket 11, left longitudinal adjustment bracket 12 and right longitudinal adjustment bracket 13; said left ditching frame 1 and right ditching The frame 2 is an adjustable telescopic structure; the input end of the left ditching transmission box 3 and the input end of the right ditching transmission box 4 are connected with the external power output end; the output end of the left ditching transmission box 3 and the right ditching transmission box The 4 output ends are respectively connected with the driving shaft of the left ditching cutter head 5 and the driving shaft of the right ditching cutter head 6; The left ditching cutterhead 5 is connected to the right ditching cutterhead 6; the outer edges of the left ditching cutterhead 5 and the right ditching cutterhead 6 are staggered and evenly distributed to install ditching knives; the left lateral adjustment bracket 10 and the right ditching cutterhead Horizontal adjustment brackets 11 are respectively installed on the outer ends of the left ditching frame 1 and the right ditching frame 2;

The hydraulic module includes a left transverse hydraulic cylinder 14 , a right transverse hydraulic cylinder 15 , a left longitudinal hydraulic cylinder 16 , a right longitudinal hydraulic cylinder 17 and a hydraulic valve 18 . The oil inlet of the hydraulic valve 18 is connected to the external hydraulic mechanism, and each oil outlet of the hydraulic valve 18 is respectively connected to the left horizontal hydraulic cylinder 14, the right horizontal hydraulic cylinder 15, the left vertical hydraulic cylinder 16, and the right vertical hydraulic cylinder. The oil port 17 is connected; the piston rod ends of the left horizontal hydraulic cylinder 14 and the right horizontal hydraulic cylinder 15 are respectively connected with the left horizontal adjustment support 10 and the right horizontal adjustment support 11, through the left horizontal hydraulic cylinder 14 and the right horizontal hydraulic cylinder 15 telescopic adjustment of the piston rod end to adjust the ditching distance on the left and right sides; the piston rod ends of the left longitudinal hydraulic cylinder 16 and the right longitudinal hydraulic cylinder 17 are connected to the left longitudinal adjustment bracket 12 and the right longitudinal adjustment bracket 13 respectively, Cylinder 16 and right longitudinal hydraulic cylinder 17 telescopically adjust the ditching depth on the left and right sides; The telescopic adjustment of the horizontal hydraulic cylinder 15 adjusts the left ditching distance; the left longitudinal adjustment bracket 12 is hinged to the rear upper part of the left ditching transmission box 3, and one end of the left longitudinal hydraulic cylinder 16 is connected to the left longitudinal adjustment bracket 12 , the other end is connected with the rear lower part of the left ditching transmission box, and the left ditching depth is adjusted through the expansion and contraction of the left longitudinal hydraulic cylinder; one end of the drive shaft of the right ditching cutter head 6 is outputted one end of the right lateral hydraulic cylinder 17 is connected with the right lateral adjustment bracket 13, and the other end is connected with the right ditching frame 2 in the frame, through the right The telescopic adjustment of the horizontal hydraulic cylinder 17 adjusts the ditching distance on the right; the right longitudinal adjustment bracket 13 is hinged to the rear upper part of the right ditching transmission box 4, and one end of the right longitudinal hydraulic cylinder 4 is connected to the right longitudinal adjustment bracket 13 , the other end is connected with the rear lower part of the right ditching transmission box 4, and the right ditching depth is adjusted through the expansion and contraction of the right longitudinal hydraulic cylinder 4; the left ditching cutter head 5 and the right ditching cutter head 6 are evenly Install trench knives.

Described control module comprises left tilt sensor 19, right tilt sensor 20, left displacement sensor 21, right displacement sensor 22, single-chip microcomputer 23, relay and display 24; Ditch transmission box 3 and left longitudinal adjustment bracket 12 connection points) on the left ditching transmission box 3 that rotates; Described left angle sensor 19 input end and output end are connected with the first input end and output end of described single-chip microcomputer 23 respectively; The right inclination sensor 20 is installed on the right ditch transmission box 4 that can rotate around the right lifting fulcrum (that is, the right ditch transmission box 4 and the right longitudinal adjustment bracket 13 connection point); the right inclination sensor 20 input terminal and output The ends are respectively connected with the second input end and output end of the single-chip microcomputer 23; the left displacement sensor 21 is installed on the inner side of the left horizontal adjustment bracket 10, and is used to detect the moving distance of the left horizontal adjustment bracket 10 in real time; The input end and the output end of the displacement sensor 21 are respectively connected with the third input end and the output end of the single-chip microcomputer 23; The moving distance of; described right displacement sensor 22 input ends and output end are connected with the 4th input end and output end of described single-chip microcomputer 23 respectively; The input end is connected to the output end; the sixth output end of the single-chip microcomputer 23 is connected to the input end of the relay, the output end of the relay is connected to the input end of the hydraulic valve, and the output end of the hydraulic valve is respectively connected to the left horizontal hydraulic cylinder. 14. The right transverse hydraulic cylinder 15, the left longitudinal hydraulic cylinder 16, and the right longitudinal hydraulic cylinder 17 are connected, and the single-chip microcomputer 23 receives the signals of the left inclination sensor 19, the right inclination sensor 20, the left displacement sensor 21 and the right displacement sensor 22 and transmits them to the The display shows the adjustment of the ditching depth and ditching distance in real time. On the other hand, the control relay controls each hydraulic cylinder to complete the adjustment of the ditching depth and ditching distance.

When in use, the utility model is installed on the existing fertilizer applicator to realize the automatic adjustment method of fertilization ditching depth and ditching distance, the steps are as follows:

1. Before ditching operation, first touch the ditching knife to the ground, and perform zero calibration for each inclination sensor. Take the distance between the center of the ditching cutter head and the left or right lifting fulcrum as the rotation axis, and set the length of the rotation axis as L; the initial angle between the rotation axis and the ground is θ ₁ , and the distance between the left or right lifting fulcrum and the horizontal plane The distance is H ₁ ; when the inclination sensor rotates through the angle θ after self-calibration, the angle between the rotation axis and the ground is θ ₂ , the distance between the left or right lifting fulcrum and the horizontal plane is H ₂ , and the ditching depth is H = H ₂ - H ₁ , wherein H ₂ =L×sinθ ₂ , H ₁ =L×sinθ ₁ , θ ₂ =θ+θ ₁ . According to the accuracy of the inclination sensor and the use requirements, set the upper and lower error values of H to obtain the corresponding ditching depth range H', and use it as the preset ditching depth range.

Assume that the vertical distance between the center of the ditching cutter head and the center line of the frame (that is, the center line of the left and right width of the frame along the forward direction) is c, and the horizontal movement distance of the left or right horizontal adjustment bracket detected by the displacement sensor is d (that is, the opened The vertical distance between the center line of the ditch and the center line of the frame), then D=c+d, set the upper and lower error values of D according to the displacement sensor and the use requirements, and obtain the corresponding ditching distance range D′, and set It acts as a preset trenching distance range.

2. During ditching operation, the single-chip microcomputer receives the ditching depth H" in real time. If H" is not within the preset ditching depth range H', the single-chip microcomputer controls the expansion and contraction of each hydraulic cylinder push rod through the solenoid valve to change the ditching depth; if H" Within the preset ditching depth value H′, the ditching depth remains unchanged.

3. During ditching operation, according to the row spacing of fruit trees and the fertilization position, adjust the left horizontal hydraulic cylinder and the right horizontal hydraulic cylinder to make them stretch or shrink, so as to fertilize at the correct fertilization position; the single-chip computer receives the ditching distance D" in real time, If D" is not within the preset ditching distance range D', the single-chip microcomputer first controls the expansion and contraction of the hydraulic cylinder push rod through the solenoid valve to make the ditching depth become 0, and then controls the expansion and contraction of the hydraulic cylinder push rod to change the ditching distance to a suitable value range. If D" is within the preset ditching distance value D', the ditching distance remains unchanged.

The units of the above numerical values are millimeters (mm).

Claims (3)

1. a kind of duplicate rows ditching depth is apart from self-checking device, which is characterized in that including digging module, hydraulic module and control Module；

The digging module includes left trench digging frame, right trench digging frame, left trench digging transmission case, right trench digging transmission case, left trench digging cutterhead, the right side Trench digging cutterhead, left cutter plate driver axis, right cutter plate driver axis, ditching knife, left lateral adjustment mount, right lateral adjustment mount, Zuo Zong To adjusting bracket and right vertical adjustment bracket；The left trench digging transmission case input terminal and right trench digging transmission case input terminal and outside are dynamic Power output end is connected；The left trench digging transmission case output end and right trench digging transmission case output end drive with the left trench digging cutterhead respectively Moving axis is connected with right ditching knife disk drive shaft；The left ditching knife disk drive shaft and the right ditching knife disk drive shaft other end respectively with The left trench digging cutterhead is connected with right trench digging cutterhead；The left lateral adjustment mount and right lateral adjustment mount are separately mounted to institute State the outer end of left trench digging frame and right trench digging frame；

The hydraulic module includes left transverse hydraulic cylinder, right transverse hydraulic cylinder, left longitudinal hydraulic cylinder, right longitudinal hydraulic cylinder and hydraulic Valve；The hydraulic valve oil inlet is connected with external hydraulic mechanism, each oil outlet of hydraulic valve respectively with the left transverse hydraulic Cylinder, right transverse hydraulic cylinder, left longitudinal hydraulic cylinder, right longitudinal hydraulic cylinder oil inlet are connected, the left transverse hydraulic cylinder and right transverse direction Hydraulic cylinder piston rod end is connected with the left lateral adjustment mount and right lateral adjustment mount respectively, by left transverse hydraulic cylinder and Trench digging distance at left and right sides of the telescopic adjustment of right transverse hydraulic the cylinder piston rod end；Left longitudinal hydraulic cylinder and right longitudinal hydraulic cylinder Tailpiece of the piston rod is connected with the left vertical adjustment bracket and right vertical adjustment bracket respectively, passes through left longitudinal hydraulic cylinder and right longitudinal direction Ditching depth at left and right sides of the telescopic adjustment of hydraulic cylinder piston rod end；Described left transverse hydraulic cylinder one end and left lateral adjustment mount It is connected, the other end is connected with the left trench digging frame, passes through distance of ditching on the left of the telescopic adjustment of left transverse hydraulic cylinder；It is described left vertical It is hinged to adjusting bracket and the left trench digging transmission case upper back, described left longitudinal hydraulic cylinder one end and the left vertical adjustment branch Frame is connected, and the other end is connected with the left trench digging transmission case rear lower, passes through trench digging on the left of the telescopic adjustment of left longitudinal hydraulic cylinder Depth；Described right transverse hydraulic cylinder one end is connected with right lateral adjustment mount, and the other end is connected with the right trench digging frame, passes through the right side The telescopic adjustment right side opening ditch distance of transverse hydraulic cylinder；The right vertical adjustment bracket and the right trench digging transmission case upper back are cut with scissors Connect, described right longitudinal hydraulic cylinder one end is connected with the right vertical adjustment bracket, the other end with after the right trench digging transmission case under Portion is connected, and passes through ditching depth on the right side of the telescopic adjustment of right longitudinal hydraulic cylinder；

The control module includes left-leaning angle transducer, Right deviation angle transducer, left position displacement sensor, right displacement sensor, monolithic Machine, relay, hydraulic valve and display；The "Left"-deviationist angle transducer is mounted on can be around left trench digging transmission case and left vertical adjustment branch On the left trench digging transmission case of frame tie point rotation；It is described "Left"-deviationist angle transducer input terminal and output end respectively with the single-chip microcontroller First input end is connected with output end；The Right deviation angle transducer is mounted on can be around right trench digging transmission case and right vertical adjustment bracket On the right trench digging transmission case of tie point rotation；The Right deviation angle transducer input terminal and output end respectively with the single-chip microcontroller Two input terminals are connected with output end；The left position displacement sensor is mounted on the inside of the left lateral adjustment mount, for examining in real time Survey the moving distance of left lateral adjustment mount；The left dislocation sensor input and output end respectively with the single-chip microcontroller Three input terminals are connected with output end；The right displacement sensor is mounted on the inside of the right lateral adjustment mount, for examining in real time Survey the moving distance of right lateral adjustment mount；The right displacement sensor input terminal and output end respectively with the single-chip microcontroller Four input terminals are connected with output end；The input terminal and output end of the display respectively with the 5th input terminal of the single-chip microcontroller and Output end is connected；6th output end of the single-chip microcontroller is connected with the input terminal of relay, the output end of relay and the liquid Pressure valve input terminal is connected, and the hydraulic valve output end is hydraulic with the left transverse hydraulic cylinder, right transverse hydraulic cylinder, left longitudinal direction respectively Cylinder, right longitudinal hydraulic cylinder are connected, and single-chip microcontroller controls the tune that each hydraulic cylinder completes ditching depth and distance of ditching by relay Section.

2. a kind of duplicate rows ditching depth as described in claim 1 is apart from self-checking device, which is characterized in that the left trench digging Frame and right trench digging frame are adjustable stretching structure.

3. a kind of duplicate rows ditching depth as described in claim 1 is apart from self-checking device, which is characterized in that the left trench digging Cutterhead and right trench digging cutterhead outer rim are uniform staggered with installation ditching knife.