CN209552217U - A sorting system for waste plastics - Google Patents
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- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 55
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 39
- 239000011553 magnetic fluid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 36
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 12
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- XECAHXYUAAWDEL-UHFFFAOYSA-N acrylonitrile butadiene styrene Chemical compound C=CC=C.C=CC#N.C=CC1=CC=CC=C1 XECAHXYUAAWDEL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
- Y02W30/50—Reuse, recycling or recovery technologies
- Y02W30/52—Mechanical processing of waste for the recovery of materials, e.g. crushing, shredding, separation or disassembly
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
- Y02W30/50—Reuse, recycling or recovery technologies
- Y02W30/62—Plastics recycling; Rubber recycling
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- Separation, Recovery Or Treatment Of Waste Materials Containing Plastics (AREA)
- Separation Of Solids By Using Liquids Or Pneumatic Power (AREA)
Abstract
Description
技术领域technical field
本实用新型涉及废旧塑料的分选技术领域,特别涉及一种废旧塑料的分选系统。The utility model relates to the technical field of sorting waste plastics, in particular to a sorting system for waste plastics.
背景技术Background technique
近年来,塑料的生产量和消费量仍持续上升,据中国国家统计局统计,2016年中国塑料制品产量为7717.2万吨,同比增长2.7%。而这一数据在2012年仅有5781.86万吨。另据中国商务部发布的《中国再生资源回收行业发展报告2017》(摘要)显示,2016年国内塑料的回收量在1878万吨左右,同比增长4.3%。而家电产品、通信设备的快速更新换代、汽车轻量化设计以及石油等塑料原料价格走低都促使塑料消费量更是一路上升。In recent years, the production and consumption of plastics have continued to rise. According to the statistics of the National Bureau of Statistics of China, the output of plastic products in China in 2016 was 77.172 million tons, a year-on-year increase of 2.7%. And this data was only 57.8186 million tons in 2012. According to the "China Renewable Resources Recycling Industry Development Report 2017" (Summary) released by the Ministry of Commerce of China, the amount of domestic plastic recycling in 2016 was about 18.78 million tons, a year-on-year increase of 4.3%. The rapid upgrading of home appliances and communication equipment, the lightweight design of automobiles, and the lower prices of plastic raw materials such as petroleum have all contributed to the increase in plastic consumption.
目前,在市政垃圾(MSW)、报废汽车(ELV)、还是废旧电器与电子设备(WEEE)等处理过程都期待更好的针对废旧塑料的分选方法,这将带来可观的经济效益和巨大的环保效益;针对塑料的种类以及杂质的识别分选,现有技术大多采用浮沉分离法进行废旧塑料的分选,浮沉法是根据不同塑料密度的差异进行分选,分选时在将破碎、清洗后的塑料碎片注入分选池,分选池中溶液具有特定的密度,不同塑料根据其密度上浮或者沉降,分类收集完成分选,这种分选方式原理简单,技术难度低,在目前的塑料分选领域被广泛使用,对密度不同的塑料具有很好的分选效果。但是该技术存在以下技术缺点,(1)一次分选过程只能将两种不同密度的物料进行分离操作;(2)浮沉分离法操作时需要建造分选池并且分离过程需要一定的时间,分选过程是非连续的,分选过程需要占用大量场地,限制了处理量提升;(3)浮沉分离法对水的需求量和废水产生量都非常大;(4)分选精度不高,难以满足高纯度回收利用的需求。再者2015年颁布的《废塑料综合利用行业规范条件(征求意见稿)》中提到,废塑料破碎、清洗、分选类企业的综合新水消耗低于1.5吨/吨废塑料,且需要对废分选介质进行处理。这对分选企业来说又增加了不小压力。因此,提供一种废水产生量少、分先精度高和能够完成连续生产的废旧塑料的分选方法及分选系统,具有重要意义。At present, in the treatment of municipal waste (MSW), end-of-life vehicles (ELV), or waste electrical and electronic equipment (WEEE), better sorting methods for waste plastics are expected, which will bring considerable economic benefits and huge Environmental protection benefits; For the identification and sorting of plastic types and impurities, most of the existing technologies use the float-sink separation method to sort waste plastics. The cleaned plastic fragments are poured into the sorting tank. The solution in the sorting tank has a specific density. Different plastics float or settle according to their density, and are sorted and collected to complete the sorting. This sorting method is simple in principle and low in technical difficulty. It is widely used in the field of plastic sorting, and it has a good sorting effect on plastics with different densities. But this technology has the following technical shortcomings, (1) one sorting process can only separate two kinds of materials with different densities; The separation process is discontinuous, and the separation process needs to occupy a large amount of space, which limits the improvement of the treatment capacity; (3) the floating-sink separation method has a very large demand for water and a large amount of waste water; (4) the separation accuracy is not high, which is difficult to meet The need for high-purity recycling. In addition, the "Regulations for the Comprehensive Utilization of Waste Plastics Industry (Draft for Comment)" promulgated in 2015 mentioned that the comprehensive new water consumption of waste plastics crushing, cleaning, and sorting enterprises is less than 1.5 tons per ton of waste plastics, and requires Dispose of spent sorting media. This puts a lot of pressure on sorting companies. Therefore, it is of great significance to provide a sorting method and sorting system for waste plastics with less waste water generation, high sorting accuracy and continuous production.
实用新型内容Utility model content
为了解决现有技术中的废旧塑料的分选存在废水产生量大、分先精度低、不能够完成连续生产的问题,本实用新型提供了一种废旧塑料的分选系统。In order to solve the problems of large amount of waste water, low sorting precision and inability to complete continuous production in the sorting of waste plastics in the prior art, the utility model provides a sorting system of waste plastics.
为了解决上述技术问题,本实用新型采用以下技术方案实现:In order to solve the above-mentioned technical problems, the utility model adopts the following technical solutions to realize:
一种废旧塑料的分选方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:A sorting method for waste plastics, characterized in that it comprises the following steps:
(1)混料和喂料一部分磁流体通过层流通道直接进入分选区,一部分磁流体和待分选废旧塑料混合后通过与层流通道平行的物料口进入分选区;(1) Mixing and feeding Part of the magnetic fluid directly enters the sorting area through the laminar flow channel, and a part of the magnetic fluid and the waste plastic to be sorted are mixed and enter the sorting area through the material port parallel to the laminar flow channel;
(2)废旧塑料的分选分选区内的磁流体在电磁场作用下呈现不同的磁流体密度梯度,因待选废旧塑料的密度差异而使其在磁流体介质中漂浮、悬浮或沉淀;(2) Sorting of waste plastics The magnetic fluid in the sorting area presents different magnetic fluid density gradients under the action of an electromagnetic field, which floats, suspends or settles in the magnetic fluid medium due to the density difference of the waste plastics to be selected;
(3)废旧塑料的收集采用传送装置将漂浮、悬浮或沉淀的废旧塑料带出,并通过平行堆叠的收集通道分类、收集,从而完成废旧塑料的分选。(3) The collection of waste plastics uses a conveying device to take out the floating, suspended or sedimented waste plastics, and sorts and collects them through parallel stacked collection channels to complete the sorting of waste plastics.
磁流体密度梯度分选原理与浮沉分离方法类似,区别在于用来分离混合塑料碎片的分离液体的密度不是均一的,而是在与流动方向垂直的轴线上存在一个密度梯度。这个梯度的产生是因为分离介质不是一般的恒定密度分离溶液,而是应用了一种纳米尺度的磁流体,以不大于60nm的微团均匀分布在水中形成的分离介质。根据阿基米德定律,浸入静止液体中的物体受到一个浮力,其大小等于该物体所排开的流体重量。因此在不同密度的塑料碎片浸入分离介质中稳定后,最终将在与其密度相当的那个密度层停驻。只要这个密度层分级根据塑料密度的浮动范围合理确定,这种磁流体密度梯度方法就可以有效分离两种及以上混合塑料。The principle of magnetic fluid density gradient separation is similar to the float-sink separation method, the difference is that the density of the separation liquid used to separate mixed plastic fragments is not uniform, but there is a density gradient on the axis perpendicular to the flow direction. This gradient is generated because the separation medium is not a general constant density separation solution, but a separation medium formed by applying a nanoscale magnetic fluid and uniformly distributing microclusters no larger than 60nm in water. According to Archimedes' law, an object immersed in a stationary liquid experiences a buoyant force equal to the weight of the fluid displaced by the object. Therefore, after the plastic fragments of different densities are immersed in the separation medium and stabilized, they will eventually settle in the density layer corresponding to their density. As long as the density layer classification is reasonably determined according to the floating range of plastic density, this magnetic fluid density gradient method can effectively separate two or more mixed plastics.
磁流体密度梯度分选方法能够在一次分选过程中以“漂浮-悬浮-沉淀”的方式同时分选多种塑料以及其他杂质,此外,这个过程是连续的,且分选介质易回收,很好地解决了目前技术的局限和不足。The magnetic fluid density gradient separation method can simultaneously separate a variety of plastics and other impurities in a "floating-suspension-sedimentation" manner in a single separation process. In addition, this process is continuous, and the separation medium is easy to recycle, and it is very convenient. The limitations and deficiencies of the present technology are solved well.
作为优选,所述分选方法还包括前处理步骤,前处理步骤是对待分选废旧塑料进行破碎、筛选和清洗以去除附着在碎片表面上的气泡。磁流体密度梯度分选方法不能够对整瓶、中空和存在气孔的物进行分选,一般将待分选塑料经过清洗、破碎后以碎片的形式作为待分选物料。由于碎片的尺度很小,附着在碎片上的微小的气泡将会导致碎片的重量出现较大偏差。分选过程对于密度的变化非常敏感,这个偏差可能使得较高密度的塑料上浮至小密度塑料的分选层,导致分选失败,因此,需要对碎片的清洗湿润和气泡去除。Preferably, the sorting method further includes a pretreatment step, the pretreatment step is to crush, screen and clean the waste plastics to be sorted to remove air bubbles attached to the surface of the fragments. The magnetic fluid density gradient sorting method cannot sort whole bottles, hollow objects, and objects with pores. Generally, the plastics to be sorted are cleaned and broken in the form of fragments as materials to be sorted. Due to the small size of the fragments, the tiny air bubbles attached to the fragments will cause large deviations in the weight of the fragments. The sorting process is very sensitive to changes in density. This deviation may cause higher-density plastics to float to the sorting layer of lower-density plastics, resulting in sorting failure. Therefore, cleaning of debris and removal of air bubbles are required.
作为优选,所述分选方法还包括后处理步骤,后处理步骤是将分类收集后的废旧塑料清洗、烘干后采用近红外线光谱提纯进行二级分选除杂,将流出的磁流体介质和回收的废旧塑料清洗废液中的磁流体介质重新利用。当废旧塑料经过不同的分选通道被收集,收集后的物料首先经过清洗装置用清水将分选介质从表面清除,清洗后的物料进入烘干装置除去表面水分,因为分选中还可能存在杂质,烘干后的物料还将经过近红外光谱除杂装置进行二级分选,剔除杂质,完成最后的提纯收集。分流出的分选介质将被回收会重新用于分选流程,清洗后的废液中含有的磁流体经过分选介质回收萃取装置被重新回收利用。Preferably, the sorting method further includes a post-processing step. The post-processing step is to clean and dry the waste plastics collected by classification, and then use near-infrared spectrum purification to perform secondary sorting and impurity removal. The outflowing magnetic fluid medium and The magnetic fluid medium in the recycled waste plastic cleaning waste liquid is reused. When waste plastics are collected through different sorting channels, the collected materials first pass through the cleaning device to remove the sorting medium from the surface with clean water, and the cleaned materials enter the drying device to remove surface moisture, because there may be impurities in the sorting process. The dried material will also go through a near-infrared spectroscopic impurity removal device for secondary separation to remove impurities and complete the final purification and collection. The separated sorting medium will be recovered and reused in the sorting process, and the magnetic fluid contained in the cleaned waste liquid will be recycled through the sorting medium recovery and extraction device.
本实用新型提供的磁流体为纳米氧化铁流体;所述磁流体在水中以微团形式分布,尺寸不大于60nm。The magnetic fluid provided by the utility model is a nano-iron oxide fluid; the magnetic fluid is distributed in the form of microgroups in water, and the size is not greater than 60nm.
本实用新型的一种废旧塑料的分选系统,包括从左到右依次连通的喂料区、分选区、收集区,其中,喂料区和分选区之间设置从上而下相互平行的数条层流入口通道,所述层流入口通道前后连通喂料区和分选区,喂料区内开设物料喂料通道,所述物料喂料通道贯穿层流入口通道进入分选区;分选区具有分选塑料用的分选流道,分选区的外部上方和下方分别安装电磁铁,分选流道内部安装用来将废旧塑料带出分选区的传送装置;收集区是由从上而下平行排布的收集通道组成,收集通道与分选区连通。A sorting system for waste plastics of the utility model includes a feeding area, a sorting area, and a collecting area connected sequentially from left to right, wherein a number parallel to each other from top to bottom is set between the feeding area and the sorting area. A strip of laminar flow inlet channel, the front and back of the laminar flow inlet channel is connected with the feeding area and the sorting area, and the material feeding channel is set in the feeding area, and the material feeding channel passes through the laminar flow inlet channel and enters the sorting area; the sorting area has a separation area. The sorting flow channel for plastic selection, electromagnets are installed above and below the outside of the sorting area, and the conveyor device used to take waste plastics out of the sorting area is installed inside the sorting flow channel; the collection area is arranged in parallel from top to bottom. The collection channel of the cloth is composed, and the collection channel is connected with the sorting area.
第一区为喂料区,喂料区的功能是使分选介质和待分选物料的混合流能够均匀混合,稳定快速地送入分选段。一部分磁流体分选介质直接经过层流入口通道进入分选区,另一部分磁流体则是与废旧塑料碎片混合,通过物料喂料通道进入分选区,层流入口通道的设置和喂料方式均是为了保证其能够以稳定状态进入分选段而尽量不产生湍流。The first area is the feeding area. The function of the feeding area is to make the mixed flow of the sorting medium and the material to be sorted evenly mixed, and then stably and quickly sent to the sorting section. Part of the magnetic fluid separation medium enters the separation area directly through the laminar flow inlet channel, and the other part of the magnetic fluid is mixed with waste plastic fragments and enters the separation area through the material feeding channel. The setting and feeding method of the laminar flow inlet channel are for Ensure that it can enter the sorting section in a steady state without turbulent flow as much as possible.
第二段为分选区。分选区是物料彼此分离的区域,当混合物料进入此区域后,根据具体材料密度,根据实际情况选择给上方或下方电磁铁通电形成上或下磁场作用,形成分选介质的密度梯度,根据阿基米德原理,废旧塑料碎片将会依据密度产生分离,相同密度塑料会在同一层级悬浮,此外小于分选介质的物料漂浮,高于分选介质密度的物料下沉。传送装置的传送轮通过连接带安装在分选区内壁的上方和下方,传送轮之间安装传送带,所述传送带的长度与分离区域长度一致,运动方向与流体运动方向一致,带速与流体速度一致。传送装置的设置是将漂浮和沉淀的物料带出分选区域进行收集,传送带的带速与磁流体流速一致保障了分选区域流体状态的稳定,避免产生紊流,也减少边界对流动的影响。The second section is the constituency. The separation area is the area where the materials are separated from each other. When the mixed materials enter this area, according to the specific material density, according to the actual situation, the upper or lower electromagnet is energized to form an upper or lower magnetic field, and the density gradient of the separation medium is formed. According to A According to the Kimedes principle, waste plastic fragments will be separated according to density, and plastics with the same density will be suspended at the same level. In addition, materials smaller than the separation medium float, and materials higher than the density of the separation medium sink. The transmission wheel of the transmission device is installed above and below the inner wall of the sorting area through the connecting belt, and a conveyor belt is installed between the transmission wheels. The length of the conveyor belt is consistent with the length of the separation area, the direction of movement is consistent with the direction of fluid movement, and the speed of the belt is consistent with the speed of the fluid. . The setting of the conveying device is to take the floating and sedimented materials out of the sorting area for collection. The belt speed of the conveyor belt is consistent with the flow rate of the magnetic fluid to ensure the stability of the fluid state in the sorting area, avoid turbulent flow, and reduce the influence of the boundary on the flow. .
第三区为收集区,这一区由从上而下相互平行堆叠的收集通道组成。当待分选物料经过分选段稳定后,不同密度的塑料碎片会进入不同高度的收集层被分类收集。The third area is the collection area, which is composed of collection channels stacked parallel to each other from top to bottom. After the materials to be sorted are stabilized in the sorting section, plastic fragments of different densities will enter the collection layers of different heights and be classified and collected.
作为优选,废旧塑料的分选系统还包括前处理装置,前处理装置包括废旧塑料破碎装置和清洗装置。Preferably, the sorting system for waste plastics further includes a pre-processing device, which includes a waste plastic crushing device and a cleaning device.
作为优选,废旧塑料的分选系统还包括后处理装置,后处理装置包括与收集区连接的物料清洗装置、分别与物料清洗装置连接的烘干装置和分选介质回收装置、与烘干装置连接的近红外光谱除杂装置。As a preference, the sorting system of waste plastics also includes a post-processing device, the post-processing device includes a material cleaning device connected to the collection area, a drying device connected to the material cleaning device and a sorting medium recovery device, connected to the drying device Near-infrared spectroscopy impurity removal device.
本实用新型提供的废旧塑料的分选方法及分选系统,能够在一次分选过程中以“漂浮-悬浮 -沉淀”的方式同时分选多种塑料以及其他杂质;该分选过程是一个连续的过程,且分选介质易回收;分选方法和系统不需要占用大量场地,水的需求量和废水产生量极小,很好地解决了目前现有技术的局限和不足。The sorting method and sorting system for waste plastics provided by the utility model can simultaneously sort a variety of plastics and other impurities in a "floating-suspension-precipitation" manner in one sorting process; the sorting process is a continuous process, and the sorting medium is easy to recycle; the sorting method and system do not need to occupy a large amount of space, and the demand for water and the amount of waste water produced are extremely small, which well solves the limitations and deficiencies of the current existing technologies.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1为磁流体微团在分选介质中的受力情况示意图;Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of the force situation of the magnetic fluid micelles in the sorting medium;
(a)上方的磁场作用下微团受力情况;(b)下方的磁场作用下微团受力情况;(a) The force of the microcluster under the action of the upper magnetic field; (b) The force of the microcluster under the action of the lower magnetic field;
图2为本实用新型所提供的废旧塑料的分选系统的结构示意图。Fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a sorting system for waste plastics provided by the utility model.
具体实施方式Detailed ways
本实用新型公开了一种废旧塑料的分选系统,本领域技术人员可以借鉴本文内容,适当改进工艺参数实现。特别需要指出的是,所有类似的替换和改动对本领域技术人员来说是显而易见的,它们都被视为包括在本实用新型当中。本实用新型的方法及应用已经通过较佳实施例进行了描述,相关人员明显能在不脱离本实用新型内容、精神和范围内对本文所述的方法和应用进行改动或适当变更与组合,来实现和应用本实用新型技术。The utility model discloses a sorting system for waste plastics. Those skilled in the art can refer to the content of this article and appropriately improve the process parameters to realize it. In particular, it should be pointed out that all similar replacements and modifications are obvious to those skilled in the art, and they are all considered to be included in the present utility model. The method and application of the present utility model have been described through preferred embodiments, and the relevant personnel can obviously modify or appropriately change and combine the method and application described herein without departing from the content, spirit and scope of the present utility model to come Realize and apply the utility model technology.
为了更直观的清楚表达本实用新型的分选方法和设备的原理,请参考图1。In order to clearly express the principle of the sorting method and equipment of the present invention more intuitively, please refer to FIG. 1 .
在电磁铁施加的外加磁场作用下,分离介质中的磁流体微团受到磁场力和重力产生一个合力,这个合力会导致介质的重量发生一个变化,这种变化与距离磁场的距离有关,在分选池中形成一个垂直于流动方向的介质密度梯度变化。磁流体微团的受力情况如图1所示。是受到的磁场力,是重力,是所受合力。Under the action of the external magnetic field applied by the electromagnet, the magnetic fluid microgroups in the separation medium are subjected to the magnetic force and gravity to generate a resultant force, which will cause a change in the weight of the medium, which is related to the distance from the magnetic field. A medium density gradient perpendicular to the flow direction is formed in the selected cell. The force situation of the magnetic fluid micelles is shown in Fig. 1. is the magnetic force received, is gravity, It is the resultant force.
由图1可知,微团所受合力与距离磁铁的远近具有直接关系。在没有施加任何磁场作用下,分选介质的密度梯度接近于水的密度,约等于1000kg/m3。It can be seen from Figure 1 that the resultant force on the microcluster is directly related to the distance from the magnet. Without applying any magnetic field, the density gradient of the separation medium is close to the density of water, approximately equal to 1000kg/m 3 .
当在上方的磁场作用下,微团受到磁场力方向向上,分选介质的密度产生一个梯度,距离磁铁越近分选介质密度越低,此外,产生的密度均小于无磁场作用时的密度,即均<=1000 kg/m3。Under the action of the upper magnetic field, the direction of the microgroups subjected to the magnetic field force is upward, and the density of the sorting medium produces a gradient. The closer the distance to the magnet, the lower the density of the sorting medium. In addition, the densities generated are all smaller than those without the action of a magnetic field. That is, all <= 1000 kg/m 3 .
当在下方的磁场作用下,情况将与在上方完全相反,在重力和磁场力作用下,所有分选介质密度大于无磁场作用时介质密度,距离磁铁越近,密度将越大,且密度均>=1000kg/m3。Under the action of the magnetic field below, the situation will be completely opposite to that at the top. Under the action of gravity and magnetic field force, the density of all sorting media is greater than that of the medium without magnetic field action. The closer the distance to the magnet, the greater the density, and the density is uniform. >=1000kg/m 3 .
分选介质密度的计算公式如(1)(2)所示,(1)是上方磁场作用时的密度梯度,(2)是下方磁场作用下的密度梯度。The calculation formula of the separation medium density is shown in (1) and (2), (1) is the density gradient under the action of the upper magnetic field, and (2) is the density gradient under the action of the lower magnetic field.
ρeff是分选过程中流道某一位置分离介质的密度,ρ1是未施加磁场时的分离介质密度,磁感应强度是B,磁化强度为M,g是重力加速度,z是与磁铁的有效距离,p是极点尺寸,B0是z=0 是时磁场强度。ρ eff is the density of the separation medium at a certain position in the flow channel during the sorting process, ρ 1 is the density of the separation medium when no magnetic field is applied, the magnetic induction is B, the magnetization is M, g is the acceleration of gravity, and z is the effective distance from the magnet , p is the pole size, B 0 is the magnetic field strength when z=0.
上下磁场变换使得分选介质密度可以在一个大范围内浮动,这意味着可以分选密度范围更大的混合塑料。The change of the upper and lower magnetic fields makes the density of the sorting medium fluctuate in a large range, which means that mixed plastics with a wider range of densities can be sorted.
下面结合实施例,进一步阐述本实用新型:Below in conjunction with embodiment, further set forth the utility model:
实施例1Example 1
(1)前处理步骤前处理步骤是对待分选废旧塑料进行破碎、筛选和清洗以去除附着在碎片表面上的气泡;(1) Pretreatment step The pretreatment step is to crush, screen and clean the waste plastics to be sorted to remove the air bubbles attached to the surface of the debris;
(2)混料和喂料一部分磁流体通过层流通道直接进入分选区,一部分磁流体纳米氧化铁和待分选废旧塑料混合后通过与层流通道平行的物料口进入分选区,;(2) Mixing and feeding a part of the magnetic fluid directly enters the sorting area through the laminar flow channel, and a part of the magnetic fluid nano-iron oxide and the waste plastic to be sorted are mixed and enter the sorting area through the material port parallel to the laminar flow channel;
(3)废旧塑料的分选分选区内的磁流体在电磁场作用下呈现不同的磁流体密度梯度,因待选废旧塑料的密度差异而使其在磁流体介质中漂浮、悬浮或沉淀;(3) Sorting of waste plastics The magnetic fluid in the sorting area presents different magnetic fluid density gradients under the action of an electromagnetic field, which floats, suspends or settles in the magnetic fluid medium due to the density difference of the waste plastics to be selected;
(4)废旧塑料的收集采用传送装置将漂浮、悬浮或沉淀的废旧塑料带出,并通过平行堆叠的收集通道分类、收集,从而完成废旧塑料的分选。(4) The collection of waste plastics uses a conveying device to take out the floating, suspended or sedimented waste plastics, and sorts and collects them through parallel stacked collection channels to complete the sorting of waste plastics.
(5)后处理步骤,后处理步骤是将分类收集后的废旧塑料清洗、烘干后采用近红外线光谱提纯进行二级分选除杂,将流出的磁流体介质和回收的废旧塑料清洗废液中的磁流体介质重新利用。(5) Post-processing step, the post-processing step is to clean and dry the waste plastics collected by classification, and then use near-infrared spectrum purification to perform secondary separation and impurity removal, and clean the outflowing magnetic fluid medium and recycled waste plastics. The ferrofluid medium in the recycle.
以混合破碎塑料碎片PS聚苯乙烯、PP聚丙烯和PE聚乙烯为例,混合物料密度及其在分选介质中的初始状态如表1所示,初始状态下分选介质密度设为1g/cm3。Taking the mixed crushed plastic fragments PS polystyrene, PP polypropylene and PE polyethylene as an example, the density of the mixed material and its initial state in the sorting medium are shown in Table 1, and the density of the sorting medium in the initial state is set to 1g/ cm 3 .
表1混合物料密度及其在分选介质中的初始状态Table 1 Mixed material density and its initial state in the separation medium
表1中混合物料的状态所示,PP、PE均处于漂浮状态,密度均低于初始分选介质,采用上方磁场作用,分选介质产生密度梯度,且均小于1g/cm3。按照上述分选方法,混合物料在带有电磁场的磁流体介质中分选时,通过调节分选段上方电磁铁电流强度可以调节磁场强度,进而使密度梯度处于0.9g/cm3至0.96g/cm3(至少>0.91g/cm3且不大于1.05g/cm3)之间,此时混合物料的状态见表2。As shown in the state of the mixed material in Table 1, both PP and PE are in a floating state, and their density is lower than that of the initial separation medium. Using the upper magnetic field, the separation medium produces a density gradient, and both are less than 1g/cm 3 . According to the above sorting method, when the mixed material is sorted in the magnetic fluid medium with electromagnetic field, the magnetic field strength can be adjusted by adjusting the current intensity of the electromagnet above the sorting section, so that the density gradient is between 0.9g/ cm3 and 0.96g/cm3 3 (at least>0.91g/cm 3 and not more than 1.05g/cm 3 ), at this time, the state of the mixed material is shown in Table 2.
表2混合物料在带有电磁场的磁流体介质中的中状态Table 2 The neutral state of the mixed material in the magnetic fluid medium with electromagnetic field
表2物料的状态可知,通过调整电磁场的大小能够有效的将PS聚苯乙烯、PP聚丙烯和PE聚乙烯收集分选。The state of the materials in Table 2 shows that PS polystyrene, PP polypropylene and PE polyethylene can be effectively collected and sorted by adjusting the size of the electromagnetic field.
实施例2Example 2
以混合破碎塑料碎片ABS丙烯腈-丁二烯-苯乙烯、PC聚碳酸脂和PVC聚氯乙烯为例,混合物料密度及其在分选介质中的初始状态如表3所示,初始状态下分选介质密度设为1g/cm3。Taking the mixed crushed plastic fragments ABS acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene, PC polycarbonate and PVC polyvinyl chloride as an example, the density of the mixed material and its initial state in the sorting medium are shown in Table 3. In the initial state The density of the separation medium was set at 1 g/cm 3 .
表3混合物料密度及其在分选介质中的初始状态Table 3 Mixed material density and its initial state in the separation medium
表3中由于三种物料的密度在初始状态下均大于分选介质的密度,密度均高于初始分选介质,按照实施例1的分选方法,混合物料在带有电磁场的磁流体介质中分选时,启用下方电磁铁产生磁场作用,通过调节电流强度,使得密度梯度为1g/cm3至1.38g/cm3(至少大于 1.2g/cm3且不大于1.38g/cm3)之间,此时混合物料在分选介质中状态见表4。In table 3, because the densities of the three kinds of materials are all greater than the density of the sorting medium in the initial state, and the density is higher than the initial sorting medium, according to the sorting method of embodiment 1, the mixed material is in the magnetic fluid medium with electromagnetic field When sorting, activate the lower electromagnet to generate a magnetic field, and adjust the current intensity so that the density gradient is between 1g/cm 3 and 1.38g/cm 3 (at least greater than 1.2g/cm 3 and not greater than 1.38g/cm 3 ) , at this time the state of the mixed material in the sorting medium is shown in Table 4.
表4混合物料在带有电磁场的磁流体介质中的中状态Table 4 The neutral state of the mixed material in the magnetic fluid medium with electromagnetic field
表4物料的状态可知,通过调整电磁场的大小能够有效的将ABS丙烯腈-丁二烯-苯乙烯、 PC聚碳酸脂和PVC聚氯乙烯收集分选。The state of the materials in Table 4 shows that ABS acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene, PC polycarbonate and PVC polyvinyl chloride can be effectively collected and sorted by adjusting the size of the electromagnetic field.
实施例3Example 3
一种废旧塑料的分选系统,如图2所示,包括从左到右依次连通的喂料区I、分选区II、收集区III,其中,喂料区I和分选区II之间设置从上而下相互平行的数条层流入口通道2,所述层流入口通道2前后连通喂料区和分选区,喂料区I内开设物料喂料通道10,所述物料喂料通道10贯穿层流入口通道2进入分选区II;分选区II具有分选塑料用的分选流道,分选区的外部上方和下方分别安装电磁铁3,分选流道内部安装用来将废旧塑料带出分选区的传送带装置4,传送装置4的传送轮通过连接带安装在分选区内壁的上方和下方,传送轮之间安装传送带,所述传送带的带速与分选磁流体介质流速一致;收集区III是由从上而下平行排布的收集通道5组成,收集通道5与分选区连通。A sorting system for waste plastics, as shown in Figure 2, includes a feeding area I, a sorting area II, and a collection area III connected in sequence from left to right, wherein, between the feeding area I and the sorting area II, a Several laminar flow inlet passages 2 are parallel to each other from top to bottom, and the laminar flow inlet passage 2 is connected to the feeding area and the sorting area. The laminar flow inlet channel 2 enters the sorting area II; the sorting area II has a sorting flow channel for sorting plastics, and electromagnets 3 are respectively installed above and below the outside of the sorting area, and the inside of the sorting flow channel is installed to take the waste plastic out The conveyor belt device 4 in the sorting area, the transmission wheel of the transmission device 4 is installed above and below the inner wall of the sorting area through the connecting belt, and the conveyor belt is installed between the transmission wheels, and the belt speed of the conveyor belt is consistent with the flow rate of the sorting magnetic fluid medium; the collection area III is composed of collection channels 5 arranged in parallel from top to bottom, and the collection channels 5 communicate with the sorting area.
在一种优选的实施方式中,分选系统还包括前处理装置,前处理装置包括废旧塑料破碎装置和清洗装置。分选系统还包括后处理装置,后处理装置包括与收集区连接的物料清洗装置6、分别与物料清洗装置6连接的烘干装置7和分选介质回收装置9、与烘干装置7连接的近红外光谱除杂装置8。In a preferred embodiment, the sorting system further includes a pre-processing device, which includes a waste plastic crushing device and a cleaning device. The sorting system also includes a post-processing device. The post-processing device includes a material cleaning device 6 connected to the collection area, a drying device 7 connected to the material cleaning device 6 and a sorting medium recovery device 9, and a drying device connected to the drying device 7. Near-infrared spectrum impurity removal device 8.
以上所述仅是本实用新型的优选实施方式,应当指出,对于本技术领域的普通技术人员来说,在不脱离本实用新型原理的前提下,还可以做出若干改进和润饰,这些改进和润饰也应视为本实用新型的保护范围。The above is only a preferred embodiment of the utility model, it should be pointed out that for those of ordinary skill in the art, without departing from the principle of the utility model, some improvements and modifications can also be made. Retouching should also be regarded as the scope of protection of the present utility model.
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