CN209497396U - A kind of AC-DC circuit that power switch is preposition - Google Patents

A kind of AC-DC circuit that power switch is preposition Download PDF

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Publication number
CN209497396U
CN209497396U CN201920403653.2U CN201920403653U CN209497396U CN 209497396 U CN209497396 U CN 209497396U CN 201920403653 U CN201920403653 U CN 201920403653U CN 209497396 U CN209497396 U CN 209497396U
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diode
circuit
power
voltage
current
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CN201920403653.2U
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蔡子琨
常中科
袁乐
侯孝涵
杨喜军
唐厚君
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Shanghai Jiaotong University
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Shanghai Jiaotong University
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Abstract

The utility model discloses a kind of AC-DC circuits that power switch is preposition, comprising: flow measurement circuit surveys volt circuit, control circuit and power circuit;Flow measurement circuit is for obtaining inductor current signal;Volt circuit is surveyed for obtaining capacitance voltage signal;Control circuit is connected with flow measurement circuit and survey volt circuit respectively for inputting inductor current signal and capacitance voltage signal, input terminal, and output end is connected with the gate pole of power switch in power circuit;Power circuit input single-phase alternating voltage exports single channel DC voltage;Power circuit includes: diode rectifier bridge, boost inductance, electrolytic capacitor, inverse conductivity type switch and reversed fast recovery diode;Before inverse conductivity type switching diode is located at rectifier bridge.Number of devices used in the utility model is few, it is only necessary to which single driving power and working power support switching frequency higher, and inductance value is smaller, are suitble to high frequency developing direction;Reverse recovery diodes are increased, so as to using the power frequency diode rectifier bridge of existing low cost.

Description

Power switch preposed AC-DC circuit
Technical Field
The utility model relates to a power electronic transform technical field, in particular to leading AC-DC circuit of power switch.
Background
The field of single-phase AC-DC converters contains a variety of specific circuits including single-phase Active Power Factor Correctors (APFCs), which include conventional bridged APFCs with a power switch placed in the back, bridged APFCs with a power switch placed in the front, and APFCs with a power switch placed in the bridge.
The APFC of the power switch arranged in front of the bridge requires that the boost inductor is arranged on the network side, and the power switch is arranged between the boost inductor and the single-phase diode rectifier bridge. Depending on the form of power switch used, there are four categories:
(1) the bidirectional controllable switch needs to adopt isolation drive and a Current Transformer (CT) to detect inductive current, and totally needs four power devices (a power switch and a power diode) and two independent working power supplies (a control power supply and a drive power supply);
(2) the bidirectional controllable switch needs to adopt isolation drive and a linear isolation amplifier to detect the inductive current, and totally needs four power devices (a power switch and a power diode) and three independent working power supplies (a control power supply and a drive power supply);
(3) the unidirectional switch does not need to adopt isolation drive, a Current Transformer (CT) is needed to detect the inductive current, and four power devices (a power switch and a power diode) and a single-path independent working power supply (a control power supply and a drive power supply) are needed in total;
(4) the unidirectional switch does not need to adopt isolation drive, a linear isolation amplifier is needed to detect the inductive current, and four power devices (a power switch and a power diode) and two independent working power supplies (a control power supply and a drive power supply) are needed in total.
The existing analog controller of the APFC, particularly the single-stage APFC, is suitable for detecting the inductive current by adopting a shunt resistor, so that the whole single-phase APFC only needs one +15V driving power supply and a control power supply, and is simple and economic. Through analysis, the four schemes are not suitable for adopting the existing APFC analog controller. The existing APFC analog controller can be used by adopting the existing APFC controller and meeting the following points: (1) detecting the inductor current at a suitable position by using a shunt resistor; (2) detecting the voltage of the capacitor by adopting a divider resistor; (3) the supply voltage need not be detected. Thus, the control circuit of the APFC can be designed by adopting a single-period control analog controller.
Another problem is that the development of ultra high frequency is required for the single-phase AC-DC converter, including the single-phase AC-DC circuit with the power switch placed in front of the bridge, and therefore, the value of the grid side inductance needs to be reduced, so as to reduce the cost and size, and realize the on-board installation. In other words, a smaller net-side inductance is required for the development of higher frequencies. Due to the fact that the inductance is small, when light load and instantaneous network current are low, the existing power switch is placed in a single-phase AC-DC circuit in front of a bridge, shunt resistance voltage drop is adopted in time, and the instantaneous value of the inductive current cannot be reproduced, so that deviation occurs in a control circuit, and control failure is caused. At lower inductance values, the control failure is inevitable, and is independent of the switching frequency, and only the inductor current fundamental wave is in effect at the moment and is independent of the high-frequency ripple current.
Based on the above analysis, the key problems to be solved by the analog controller adopting the single-cycle control principle are as follows: (1) the problem of replacing the instantaneous value of the inductive current by the voltage drop of the shunt resistor is solved; (2) ensuring that the common power diode used does not suffer from the problem of slow reverse recovery and damage.
SUMMERY OF THE UTILITY MODEL
The utility model provides an AC-DC circuit with a preposed power switch, which can support a larger power grade output, so that the network side inductance is smaller, and the AC-DC circuit is suitable for the development trend of high frequency; on the basis of the original circuit, a reverse recovery diode is added, so that when the power switch is switched on, the reverse stop is quickly carried out, and the existing low-cost power frequency diode rectifier bridge can be adopted.
In order to solve the technical problem, the utility model discloses a realize through following technical scheme:
the utility model discloses a leading AC-DC circuit of power switch, include:
the device comprises a current measuring circuit, a voltage measuring circuit, a control circuit and a power circuit; wherein,
the current measuring circuit is used for obtaining an inductive current signal;
the voltage measuring circuit is used for obtaining a capacitance voltage signal;
the control circuit is used for inputting an inductive current signal and a capacitance voltage signal and generating a driving PWM signal, the input end of the control circuit is respectively connected with the current measuring circuit and the voltage measuring circuit, and the PWM output end of the control circuit is connected with a gate pole of a power switch in the power circuit;
the power circuit is used for finishing AC-DC power conversion, single-phase sine alternating current voltage and sine alternating current are input into the input end of the power circuit, and single-channel direct current voltage is output from the output end of the power circuit;
the power circuit includes: the device comprises a diode rectifier bridge, a boost inductor, an electrolytic capacitor, a reverse conducting switch and a reverse fast recovery diode; the reverse conducting switch is arranged on the alternating current side of the power circuit and is positioned in front of the diode rectifier bridge and behind the boost inductor; the reverse fast recovery diode is arranged behind the diode rectifier bridge and in front of the electrolytic capacitor; further, the air conditioner is provided with a fan,
the current measuring circuit comprises: a first shunt resistance R1;
the voltage measuring circuit includes: a second voltage-dividing resistor R2, a third voltage-dividing resistor R3, and a fourth voltage-dividing resistor R4;
the control circuit includes: a first analog controller AC 1;
the power circuit includes: the power supply comprises a first boosting inductor L1, a first power switch T1, a first diode D1, a second diode D2, a third diode D3, a fourth diode D4, a fifth diode D5, a sixth diode D6, a seventh diode D7 and an energy storage capacitor C1; wherein,
one end of a first shunt resistor R1 of the current measuring circuit is connected with a DC output negative pole DCN (namely, the ground), and one end of a first shunt resistor R1 of the current measuring circuit is connected with the DC output negative pole DCN (namely, the ground)The other end of the first diode is connected with the common anode end of a third diode D3 and a fourth diode D4 of the power circuit, and an inductive current signal i is led outL,s
One end of a second voltage-dividing resistor R2 of the voltage-measuring circuit is connected with the cathode of a fifth diode D5 of the power circuit and the anode of a first capacitor C1 and then is connected with a direct-current output anode DCP, the other end of the second voltage-dividing resistor R2 is connected with one end of a third voltage-dividing resistor R3, the other end of the third voltage-dividing resistor R3 is connected with one end of a fourth voltage-dividing resistor R4, and a capacitor voltage signal u is led outo,sThe other end of the fourth voltage-dividing resistor R4 is connected with a direct-current output cathode DCN;
the analog controller AC1 of the control circuit inputs an inductive current signal iL,sAnd inputting a capacitor voltage signal uo,sThe output PWM driving signal is connected with a gate pole of a first power switch T1 in the power circuit;
the cathode of a sixth diode D6 and the cathode of a seventh diode D7 of the power circuit are connected with the collector of a first power switch T1, the emitter of the first power switch T1 is connected with the direct current output cathode DCN, the anode of the sixth diode D6 is connected with one end of a first boosting inductor, the anode of a first diode D1 and the cathode of a second diode D2, the anode of the seventh diode D7 is connected with a single-phase power supply zero line ACN, the anode of the third diode D3 and the cathode of the fourth diode D4 are connected, the other end of the first boost inductor is connected with a single-phase power supply live wire ACL, the cathode of the first diode D1 and the cathode of the third diode D3 are connected and then connected with the anode of the fifth diode D5, the cathode of the fifth diode D5 is connected with one end of a second voltage-dividing resistor in voltage measurement and one end of a first energy-storing capacitor C1 and connected with a direct-current output positive electrode DCP, and the other end of the first energy-storing capacitor C1 is connected with a direct-current output negative electrode DCN.
Preferably, the control circuit is a one-cycle control circuit.
Preferably, the power circuit is further configured to obtain a net-side unity power factor.
Compared with the prior art, the utility model has the advantages of it is following:
(1) the power switch preposed AC-DC circuit of the utility model leads the power switch, is positioned in front of the rectifier bridge, can support larger power grade output, leads the network sensing quantity to be smaller, and is suitable for the development trend of high frequency; on the basis of the original circuit, a reverse recovery diode is added, so that when a power switch is switched on, the reverse is quickly cut off, and the existing low-cost power frequency diode rectifier bridge can be adopted;
(2) the utility model discloses a leading AC-DC circuit of power switch no matter be in single-phase sine alternating current power supply positive half cycle and negative half cycle, as long as first power switch T1 switches on, the electric current of first boost inductance L1 just flows through first shunt resistance R1 completely, upwards by the downflow; when the first power switch T1 is turned off, the current of the first boost inductor L1 freewheels, and the inductor current still completely flows through the first shunt resistor R1 from the downward to the upward, so that the existing analog controller can be completely adopted;
(3) the utility model discloses a leading AC-DC circuit of power switch, through the use of reverse quick recovery type FRD fifth diode D5 promptly, first diode D1 and/or second diode D2 reverse recovery when having eliminated first power switch S1 completely and having caused first power switch S1 overcurrent damage problem, loss problem and electromagnetic interference problem slower to switch on;
(4) the utility model discloses a leading AC-DC circuit of power switch is particularly suitable for lower and extremely low application of the inductance value of stepping up, supports higher switching frequency, satisfies the high frequency development trend of single-phase AC-DC converter. Under high switching frequency, the times of charging and discharging of the inductor are multiplied in unit time, so that higher output power can be supported, the inductor current ripple is smaller, and the inductor ripple can be properly increased or kept the same as the former, so that the value of the inductor can be reduced; the faster the reverse fast recovery type FRD, i.e., the fifth diode D5, recovers in reverse, the more advantageous the switching frequency is.
Of course, it is not necessary for any particular product to achieve all of the above-described advantages at the same time.
Drawings
The following further describes the embodiments of the present invention with reference to the attached drawings:
fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of an AC-DC circuit with a power switch in front according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below, and the present embodiment is implemented on the premise of the technical solution of the present invention, and a detailed implementation manner and a specific operation process are given, but the scope of the present invention is not limited to the following embodiments.
The utility model discloses a leading AC-DC circuit of power switch includes: the device comprises a current measuring circuit, a voltage measuring circuit, a control circuit and a power circuit. The current measuring circuit is used for obtaining an inductive current signal; the voltage measuring circuit is used for obtaining a capacitance voltage signal. The control circuit is used for inputting an inductive current signal and a capacitance voltage signal, the input ends of the control circuit are respectively connected with the current measuring circuit and the voltage measuring circuit, and the PWM output end of the control circuit is connected with a gate pole of a power switch in the power circuit; the power circuit is used for completing AC-DC power conversion, single-phase alternating current voltage is input to the input end of the power circuit, AC-DC power conversion is completed by means of the on-off of the power switch, and single-phase direct current voltage is output to the output end of the power circuit; the power circuit includes: the device comprises a diode rectifier bridge, a boost inductor, an electrolytic capacitor, a reverse conducting switch and a reverse fast recovery diode; the reverse conducting switch is arranged on the alternating current side of the power circuit and is positioned in front of the diode rectifier bridge and behind the boost inductor; the reverse fast recovery diode is arranged behind the diode rectifier bridge and in front of the electrolytic capacitor.
The following is a detailed description with reference to specific examples.
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of an AC-DC circuit with a power switch in front according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Referring to fig. 1, in the AC-DC circuit with a power switch disposed in front of the power switch of the present embodiment, the current measuring circuit includes: a first shunt resistance R1; the pressure measuring circuit includes: a second voltage-dividing resistor R2, a third voltage-dividing resistor R3, and a fourth voltage-dividing resistor R4; the control circuit includes: a first analog controller AC 1; the power circuit includes: the power supply comprises a first boosting inductor L1, a first power switch T1, a first diode D1, a second diode D2, a third diode D3, a fourth diode D4, a fifth diode D5, a sixth diode D6, a seventh diode D7 and an energy storage capacitor C1.
One end of a first shunt resistor R1 of the current measuring circuit is connected with a DC output negative electrode DCN (namely ground), the other end of the first shunt resistor R1 is connected with a common anode end of a third diode D3 and a fourth diode D4 of the power circuit, and an inductance current signal i is led outL,s
One end of a second voltage-dividing resistor R2 of the voltage-measuring circuit is connected with the cathode of a fifth diode D5 and the anode of a first capacitor C1 in the power circuit and then is connected with a direct-current output anode DCP, the other end of the second voltage-dividing resistor R2 is connected with one end of a third voltage-dividing resistor R3, the other end of the third voltage-dividing resistor R3 is connected with one end of a fourth voltage-dividing resistor R4, and a capacitor voltage signal u is led outo,sThe other end of the fourth voltage-dividing resistor R4 is connected to the dc output negative electrode DCN (i.e., ground);
the analog controller AC1 of the control circuit inputs the inductive current signal iL,sAnd inputting a capacitor voltage signal uo,sThe power supply is +15V, and the output PWM driving signal is connected with a gate pole of a first power switch T1 in the power circuit;
the cathode of a sixth diode D6 and the cathode of a seventh diode D7 of the power circuit are connected with the collector of a first power switch T1, the emitter of the first power switch T1 is connected with the direct current output cathode DCN (namely, the ground), the anode of the sixth diode D6 is connected with one end of a first boosting inductor, the anode of a first diode D1 and the cathode of a second diode D2, the anode of the seventh diode D7 is connected with the single-phase power supply zero line ACN, the anode of the third diode D3 and the cathode of the fourth diode D4 are connected, the other end of the first boost inductor is connected with a single-phase power supply live wire ACL, the cathode of the first diode D1 and the cathode of the third diode D3 are connected and then connected with the anode of the fifth diode D5, the cathode of the fifth diode D5 is connected with one end of a second voltage-dividing resistor and one end of a first energy-storing capacitor C1 in voltage measurement and connected with a direct-current output positive electrode DCP, and the other end of the first energy-storing capacitor C1 is connected with a direct-current output negative electrode DCN (namely, the ground);
in the AC-DC circuit with the power switch in front of the present embodiment, no matter in the positive half cycle and the negative half cycle of the single-phase sinusoidal AC power supply, as long as the first power switch T1 is turned on, the current of the first boost inductor L1 completely flows through the first shunt resistor R1, and flows from the lower side to the upper side; when the first power switch T1 is turned off, the current of the first boost inductor L1 continues to flow, the inductor current still completely flows through the first shunt resistor R1, and flows from bottom to top, so that the voltage drop of the first shunt resistor completely reflects the current of the first boost inductor, and thus the existing power factor controller can be adopted; and through the use of the reverse fast recovery FRD, that is, the fifth diode D5, the problem of overcurrent damage, loss and electromagnetic interference of the first power switch S1 caused by the slow reverse recovery of the first diode D1 and/or the second diode D2 when the first power switch S1 is turned on is completely eliminated; the method is particularly suitable for application of lower and extremely low boost inductance values, supports higher switching frequency, and meets the high-frequency development trend of the single-phase AC-DC converter. Under high switching frequency, the times of charging and discharging of the inductor are multiplied in unit time, so that higher output power can be supported, the inductor current ripple is smaller, and the inductor ripple can be properly increased or kept the same as the former, so that the value of the inductor can be reduced; the faster the reverse fast recovery type FRD, i.e., the fifth diode D5, recovers in reverse, the more advantageous the switching frequency is.
The utility model discloses a set of parameter of embodiment one does:
net pressure ui,s:85V~——264V~;
DC output voltage uo,s: for an analog controller, the voltage can be set to +380V to +400V, and softer output characteristics are allowed;
loading: 2.0kW or greater;
switching frequency: 100 kHz-200 kHz;
boost inductance L1: 75-150 muH, 16-25A;
diodes D1 to D4: a common power diode rectifier bridge is formed, the current carrying is 35A @100 ℃, the shell temperature is high, and the voltage resistance is 600V;
diode D5: a reverse fast recovery diode with a common cathode is formed, the current carrying is 35A @100 ℃, the shell temperature is high, and the voltage resistance is 600V;
diodes D6 to D7: a reverse fast recovery diode with a common cathode is formed, the current carrying is 35A @100 ℃, the shell temperature is high, and the voltage resistance is 600V;
power switch T1: IGBT or power MOSFET, current carrying 35A @100 ℃ shell temperature, and voltage withstanding 600V;
capacitance C1: electrolytic capacitor, 2 x 330 μ F, 450V;
resistance R1: shunt resistance, 2m Ω, 3W;
voltage dividing resistors R2 and R3: 2M Ω, 1/4W;
voltage-dividing resistance R4: 25.8k Ω, 1/4W.
Analog controller AC 1: single cycle analog APFC controller IR 1155S.
The utility model discloses can be applied to single-phase AC-DC converter field, can support output direct current voltage and net side unit power factor, be particularly suitable for the application of lower and extremely low boost inductance value, support higher switching frequency from this, satisfy the high frequency development trend of single-phase AC-DC converter; on the basis of the original circuit, a reverse recovery diode is added, so that when the power switch is switched on, the reverse stop is quickly carried out, and the existing low-cost power frequency diode rectifier bridge can be adopted.
The disclosure herein of the preferred embodiments of the present invention is intended to be illustrative only, and not limiting, of the principles and applications of the present invention. Any modifications and variations within the scope of the description, which may occur to those skilled in the art, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.

Claims (3)

1. An AC-DC circuit with a power switch front-end, comprising: the device comprises a current measuring circuit, a voltage measuring circuit, a control circuit and a power circuit; the current measuring circuit is used for obtaining an inductive current signal; the voltage measuring circuit is used for obtaining a capacitance voltage signal; the control circuit is used for inputting an inductive current signal and a capacitance voltage signal and generating a driving PWM signal, the input end of the control circuit is respectively connected with the current measuring circuit and the voltage measuring circuit, and the PWM output end of the control circuit is connected with a gate pole of a power switch in the power circuit; the power circuit is used for finishing AC-DC power conversion, single-phase sine alternating current voltage and sine alternating current are input into the input end of the power circuit, and single-channel direct current voltage is output from the output end of the power circuit; the power circuit includes: the device comprises a diode rectifier bridge, a boost inductor, an electrolytic capacitor, a reverse conducting switch and a reverse fast recovery diode; the reverse conducting switch is arranged on the alternating current side of the power circuit and is positioned in front of the diode rectifier bridge and behind the boost inductor; the reverse fast recovery diode is arranged behind the diode rectifier bridge and in front of the electrolytic capacitor;
wherein, the current surveying circuit includes: a first shunt resistance R1;
the voltage measuring circuit includes: a second voltage-dividing resistor R2, a third voltage-dividing resistor R3, and a fourth voltage-dividing resistor R4;
the control circuit includes: a first analog controller AC 1;
the power circuit includes: the power supply comprises a first boosting inductor L1, a first power switch T1, a first diode D1, a second diode D2, a third diode D3, a fourth diode D4, a fifth diode D5, a sixth diode D6, a seventh diode D7 and an energy storage capacitor C1; wherein,
one end of a first shunt resistor R1 of the current measuring circuit is connected with a direct current output cathode DCN, the other end of the first shunt resistor R1 is connected with the common anode end of a third diode D3 and a fourth diode D4 of the power circuit, and an inductive current signal i is led outL,s
One end of a second voltage-dividing resistor R2 of the voltage-measuring circuit is connected with the cathode of a fifth diode D5 of the power circuit and the anode of a first capacitor C1 and then is connected with a direct-current output anode DCP, the other end of the second voltage-dividing resistor R2 is connected with one end of a third voltage-dividing resistor R3, the other end of the third voltage-dividing resistor R3 is connected with one end of a fourth voltage-dividing resistor R4, and a capacitor voltage signal u is led outo,sThe other end of the fourth voltage-dividing resistor R4 is connected with a direct-current output cathode DCN;
the analog controller AC1 of the control circuit inputs an inductive current signal iL,sAnd inputting a capacitor voltage signal uo,sThe output PWM driving signal is connected with a gate pole of a first power switch T1 in the power circuit;
the cathode of a sixth diode D6 and the cathode of a seventh diode D7 of the power circuit are connected with the collector of a first power switch T1, the emitter of the first power switch T1 is connected with the direct current output cathode DCN, the anode of the sixth diode D6 is connected with one end of a first boosting inductor, the anode of a first diode D1 and the cathode of a second diode D2, the anode of the seventh diode D7 is connected with a single-phase power supply zero line ACN, the anode of the third diode D3 and the cathode of the fourth diode D4 are connected, the other end of the first boost inductor is connected with a single-phase power supply live wire ACL, the cathode of the first diode D1 and the cathode of the third diode D3 are connected and then connected with the anode of the fifth diode D5, the cathode of the fifth diode D5 is connected with one end of a second voltage-dividing resistor in voltage measurement and one end of a first energy-storing capacitor C1 and connected with a direct-current output positive electrode DCP, and the other end of the first energy-storing capacitor C1 is connected with a direct-current output negative electrode DCN.
2. The power switch forward AC-DC circuit of claim 1, wherein the control circuit is a one-cycle control circuit.
3. A power switch front AC-DC circuit according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the power circuit is further configured to obtain a net-side unity power factor.
CN201920403653.2U 2019-03-28 2019-03-28 A kind of AC-DC circuit that power switch is preposition Expired - Fee Related CN209497396U (en)

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Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN110695503A (en) * 2019-10-16 2020-01-17 深圳市佳士科技股份有限公司 Rectification circuit for inhibiting reverse peak voltage and air plasma cutting machine
CN113985138A (en) * 2021-09-26 2022-01-28 杭州市电力设计院有限公司 Method for indirectly measuring and calculating boost inductive current of electric vehicle charger and voltage measuring circuit

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN110695503A (en) * 2019-10-16 2020-01-17 深圳市佳士科技股份有限公司 Rectification circuit for inhibiting reverse peak voltage and air plasma cutting machine
CN110695503B (en) * 2019-10-16 2024-05-28 深圳市佳士科技股份有限公司 Rectifying circuit for inhibiting reverse peak voltage and air plasma cutting machine
CN113985138A (en) * 2021-09-26 2022-01-28 杭州市电力设计院有限公司 Method for indirectly measuring and calculating boost inductive current of electric vehicle charger and voltage measuring circuit

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