CN209332386U - A kind of acetabular cup guide plate - Google Patents
A kind of acetabular cup guide plate Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN209332386U CN209332386U CN201821332422.9U CN201821332422U CN209332386U CN 209332386 U CN209332386 U CN 209332386U CN 201821332422 U CN201821332422 U CN 201821332422U CN 209332386 U CN209332386 U CN 209332386U
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- acetabular
- guiding column
- acetabular cup
- hollow guiding
- fossa
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Active
Links
Abstract
The utility model relates to a kind of acetabular cup guide plates.It is related to technical field of medical equipment.Solve the problems, such as it is the key parameters such as angle of splay, top rake and rotation center when solving the problems, such as acetabular cup placement in hip replacement, helps to improve initial stability after hip prosthesis implantation, reduce the generation of hip prosthesis dislocation.Wherein, the main technical schemes of acetabular cup guide plate are as follows: docile face；Multiple location holes are uniformly fixed on the docile face；First hollow guiding column, it is connect by three connecting rods with the docile face, it includes the first hollow guiding column proximal end and the first hollow guiding column distal end, when using acetabular cup guide plate in acetabular fossa, first hollow guiding column proximal end is no more than in acetabular fossa, and the first hollow guiding column distal end is located at acetabular fossa rotation center.The utility model is mainly used for being oriented to acetabular cup when acetabular fossa is implanted into acetabular cup.
Description
Technical field
The utility model relates to technical field of medical equipment more particularly to a kind of acetabular cup guide plates.
Background technique
Osteoarthritis is a kind of common chronic joint diseases, major lesions be articular cartilage retrogression and after
Hair property osteoproliferation, is more common in the middle-aged and the old, and women is more than male, good hair the biggish knee joint that bears a heavy burden, hip joint, backbone and
The positions such as finger-joint.Such as frequently with Chinese medicine conservative therapy method: being treated using outer patch drug town bone wind dispelling patch, such as state of an illness
It is serious then need carry out hip replacement treated.
The therapeutic effect of Replacement of Hip Joint passes through clinical practice in more than 30 years, has obtained sufficient affirmative simultaneously
Have been developed as a kind of reliable treatment means.Total hip replacement is one of most successful reconstruction operations, it can be great
Improve the quality of life of patient.It should restore the length of limbs and the rotation center in joint after displacement, otherwise walking ability can be produced
It is raw to influence, result even in abarticulation and prosthese fracture.Abarticulation is as morning most common after artificial full hip-joint replacement
Phase complication, document report incidence are 1%-10%.Cause the factor of prothesis dislocation after joint replacement very much, including patient's phase
Pass factor: such as neuromuscular disease and cognitive disorder, operation include operative approach, prosthese implantation site, femur
Recovery, soft tissue tension of eccentricity etc., for the generation for reducing postoperative complications, most of doctors suggest in total hip replacement
Restore the normal rotation center in joint in art as far as possible.And for hypogenetic case, the position of true mortar usually has more
Good sclerotin covering, reduces bone grafting on the outside of acetabular bone, is advantageously implemented the incipient stability of prosthese.The change pair of joint rotation center
The motion state in joint can be generated and be significantly affected, and by changing the torque of abductor, be made a significant impact on abductor power, together
The change of Shi Guanjie rotation center can also have an impact limbs length, therefore it is extremely important that joint rotation center is accurately positioned.
And normal human's acetabular fossa is similar to hemisphere spill, when upright its plane of inlet outward, forwardly and downwardly.Commonly referred to as outward under
Inclined angle is angle of splay, and the angle to turn forward is top rake.Report of the document in relation to top rake, angle of splay is more, and
And reported that pelvis compliance changed the influence to two corners.The top rake of the postoperative acetabular cup of replacement of total hip, angle of splay are to vacation
The initial and steady in a long-term of body, range of motion and abarticulation have an impact.
In the hip replacement of the prior art, when carrying out the placement of acetabular bone side acetabular cup prosthesis, conventional steps are: 1, beating
Condyle is switched, Periacetabular soft tissue is removed and from small to large with reamer for hip arthroplasty,acetabulum is ground at acetabular fossa, file arrives appropriately sized
Acetabular fossa is rinsed afterwards, residual skeletal detritus is removed and prepares to place acetabular cup；2, the reamer for hip arthroplasty,acetabulum model that basis finally uses,
Suitable acetabular cup is selected, acetabular cup is placed in acetabular fossa using acetabular cup handle, utilizes handle and coronal-plane and sagittal plane
Angle, range estimation judges the top rake and angle of splay of acetabular cup, the position of acetabular cup fixed, needs to put mortar cup at this time
Radiation exposure checks the top rake and angle of splay of acetabular cup, if angle is not right, needs mortar cup to take out, reapposes；3,
Acetabular cup connecting rod finally is tapped with hammer, so that mortar cup is fixed in acetabular fossa, acetabular bone side section in hip replacement at this time
It completes.Since the depth of reamer for hip arthroplasty,acetabulum grinding in the prior art is unable to control, thus lead to rotation center and the patient of post-operative recovery
Initial rotation center is different, it is possible to move up, it is possible to decline, postoperative patient may have the risk of unequal leg.And it is existing
Have technology when placing acetabular cup, range estimation acetabular cup handle and ground, sagittal plane angle, thereby determine that acetabular bone top rake and
Angle of splay, there are biggish othernesses for range estimation, and coronal-plane and sagittal plane are the faces of a virtual presence, can not be quasi- in art
It really finds, the angle (top rake and angle of splay) found by the method for range estimation and actual angle (top rake and angle of splay) are no
Unanimously, it easily dislocates if placing inaccuracy and will lead to postoperative prosthese, needs second operation to be corrected, brought to patient biggish
Injury.
Utility model content
In view of this, the utility model embodiment provides a kind of acetabular cup guide plate, main purpose is to solve hip replacement
The problem of key parameters such as angle of splay, top rake and rotation center when acetabular cup is placed in art, helps to improve hip joint vacation
Initial stability after body implantation, reduces the generation of hip prosthesis dislocation.
In order to achieve the above objectives, the utility model mainly provides the following technical solutions:
On the one hand, the utility model embodiment provides a kind of acetabular cup guide plate, for when acetabular fossa is implanted into acetabular cup
It is oriented to acetabular cup, comprising:
Docile face；
Multiple location holes are uniformly fixed on the docile face；
First hollow guiding column is connect by three connecting rods with the docile face comprising the first hollow guiding column is close
End and the first hollow guiding column distal end；
When using the acetabular cup guide plate in the acetabular fossa, the first hollow guiding column proximal end is no more than acetabular fossa
Interior, the first hollow guiding column distal end is located at acetabular fossa rotation center.
As previously described, the shape in the docile face is not closed annular, with a thickness of 3mm-6mm.
As previously described, the number of location hole is 3-8.
As previously described, the outer diameter of the first hollow guiding column is 10mm；
The internal diameter of the second hollow guiding column is 7.8mm；
The length of the second hollow guiding column is 5mm-8mm.
On the other hand, the utility model provides a kind of hollow reamer for hip arthroplasty,acetabulum, comprising:
Head comprising curved face part and be arranged in the curved face part and connect the with the curved face part by four crossbeams
Two hollow guiding columns.
The beneficial effects of the utility model are, by the way that the first hollow guiding column is arranged, and the first hollow guiding column are arranged
Including the first hollow guiding column proximal end and the first hollow guiding column distal end, when using acetabular cup guide plate in acetabular fossa, first is empty
Heart guide post proximal end is no more than in acetabular fossa, and the first hollow guiding column distal end is located at acetabular fossa rotation center.Make the utility model
The top rake, angle of splay and rotation center of acetabular fossa can be accurately positioned, guarantee that hip joint has good mobility, and prevent hip
Articular prosthesis dislocation occurs, and convenient and efficient using the acetabular cup guide plate of the utility model in hip replacement surgery, both
It can be shortened operating time, and operating difficulty can be reduced, so that the doctor of some youths can also complete a perfect hip joint
Replacement operation.And by the way that hollow reamer for hip arthroplasty,acetabulum second hollow guiding column more than traditional reamer for hip arthroplasty,acetabulum is arranged, ground in acetabular fossa
During cutting, play the role of a grinding guiding.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is a kind of acetabular cup guide plate structure schematic diagram provided by the embodiment of the utility model；
Fig. 2 is a kind of hollow reamer for hip arthroplasty,acetabulum structural schematic diagram provided by the embodiment of the utility model.
Specific embodiment
As shown in Figure 1, a kind of acetabular cup guide plate that one embodiment of the utility model provides, for being implanted into acetabular fossa
Acetabular cup is oriented to when acetabular cup comprising: docile face 1, multiple location holes 2, the first hollow guiding column 3 and three connecting rods 4,
In,
The shape in the docile face 1 is not closed annular, with a thickness of 3mm-6mm.The multiple location hole 2, uniformly
It is fixed on docile face 1, wherein the number of location hole 2 is 3-8.The first hollow guiding column 3 is connected by three
Bar 4 is connect with docile face 1 comprising the first hollow guiding column proximal end 31 and the first hollow guiding column distal end 32, in the acetabular bone
When in nest using the acetabular cup guide plate, the first hollow guiding column proximal end 31 is no more than in acetabular fossa, and described first is hollow
Guide post distal end 32 is located at acetabular fossa rotation center.Wherein, the outer diameter of the first hollow guiding column 3 is 10mm；Described second
The internal diameter of hollow guiding column 3 is 7.8mm；The length of the second hollow guiding column 3 is 5mm-8mm.
The utility model embodiment is by the first hollow guiding column of setting, and it includes first empty that the first hollow guiding column, which is arranged,
Heart guide post proximal end and the first hollow guiding column distal end, when using the acetabular cup guide plate in the acetabular fossa, described first
Hollow guiding column proximal end is no more than in acetabular fossa, and the first hollow guiding column distal end is located at acetabular fossa rotation center.Make this reality
With the novel top rake that acetabular fossa can be accurately positioned, angle of splay and rotation center, guarantee that hip joint has good mobility, and
Prevent hip prosthesis dislocation occur, and in hip replacement surgery using the utility model acetabular cup guide plate facilitate it is fast
Victory not only can be shortened operating time, but also can reduce operating difficulty, so that the doctor of some youths can also complete a perfect hip
Joint replacement surgery.
Open joint capsule in hip replacement surgery, exposure acetabular fossa, due to acetabular fossa be it is spherical, acetabular cup is one
A spherical shape, if do not handled acetabular fossa, meeting acetabular cup can not be directly placed into, and need to be ground acetabular fossa using reamer for hip arthroplasty,acetabulum
Spheroiding facilitates being put into for acetabular cup.
As shown in Fig. 2, a kind of hollow reamer for hip arthroplasty,acetabulum that one embodiment of the utility model provides comprising: head 5.
The head 5 includes curved face part 51 and is arranged in curved face part 51 and is connected by four crossbeams 52 with curved face part 51 is stated
Connect the second hollow guiding column 53.
The hollow reamer for hip arthroplasty,acetabulum of the utility model embodiment second hollow guiding column more than traditional reamer for hip arthroplasty,acetabulum, in acetabular bone
In nest grinding process, play the role of a grinding guiding.
As shown in Figure 1, a kind of production method for acetabular cup guide plate that one embodiment of the utility model provides, packet
It includes:
Step (1) is according to the complete pelvis data of patient pelvis data reconstruction patient of CT scan；
Step (2) opens the complete pelvis data of patient, establishes coronal-plane and sagittal plane according to human dissection feature；
Step (3) fits acetabular fossa rotation center according to the articular surface inside patient's acetabular fossa；
Step (4) establishes an axis across the acetabular fossa rotation center according to the coronal-plane and the sagittal plane
First hollow guiding column 3, wherein 3 distal end of the first hollow guiding column is overlapped with acetabular fossa rotation center, the first hollow guiding column 3
Proximal end is no more than patient's acetabular fossa；
Step (5) exports patient's acetabular fossa data in the complete pelvis data of patient, is selected according to patient's acetabular fossa data
Acetabular labrum is selected as docile face 1, and increases multiple location holes 2 around it；
First hollow guiding column 3 is connect by step (6) by three connecting rods 4 with docile face 1, guarantees the first hollow guiding
The stabilization of column 3；
Step (7) produces acetabular cup guide plate entity by machining or 3D printing.
Specifically, being scanned when production acetabular cup guide plate first with entire pelvis of the CT to patient, DICOM lattice are exported
Formula data file；Derived DICOM file is being opened using Mimics or treasured calabsh shaped or E-3D software, reconstruction patients are complete
Whole pelvis data simultaneously export；3-matic or E-3D or treasured calabsh shaped are recycled to open the complete pelvis data of patient, root
Coronal-plane, sagittal plane are established according to human dissection feature；The articular surface inside acetabular fossa is selected, acetabular bone is gone out according to selected surface fitting
Nest rotation center is (as the acetabular fossa rotation center after reconstruction, in this acetabular fossa rotation center and the original acetabular fossa rotation of patient
The heart is consistent), establish the first hollow guiding column that an axis passes through acetabular fossa rotation center, the first hollow guiding column distal end and hip
Mortar nest rotation center is overlapped, and the first hollow guiding column proximal end is no more than in acetabular fossa, in use, acetabular cup guide plate is placed
It fixes in unique position, after being fixed acetabular cup guide plate using G-needle, G-needle is squeezed into along the first hollow guiding column, protect
The G-needle demonstrate,proved in the first hollow guiding column are not shaken or are moved, and then contact in the first hollow guiding column distal end and G-needle
Place makes a mark a little, this mark point is exactly patient's acetabular fossa rotation center, will be empty when being ground acetabular fossa using hollow reamer for hip arthroplasty,acetabulum
The moulding of heart reamer for hip arthroplasty,acetabulum is imported into 3-matic, using computer aided technique, can calculate the crossbeam of hollow reamer for hip arthroplasty,acetabulum with
The relationship of mark point, when use, hollow reamer for hip arthroplasty,acetabulum covered in G-needle, was ground along guide direction, until hollow reamer for hip arthroplasty,acetabulum crossbeam with
Mark point is overlapped, and hollow reamer for hip arthroplasty,acetabulum is ground to appropriate depth [because of what is provided by computer aided animation CAD and producer at this time
Prosthese data (acetabular cup, acetabular bone liner, bulb) can calculate grinding depth and acetabular fossa rotation center], it is packed into prosthese after prosthese
Acetabular fossa rotation center guarantees consistent with the acetabular fossa rotation center being initially fitted；Then it is selected in derived acetabular fossa data
Acetabular labrum increases several location holes as docile face around it, convenient for fixed acetabular cup guide plate, then by docile face and first
Hollow guiding column combines, and docile face and the first hollow guiding column are linked using several connecting rods, guarantee that hollow guiding column is stablized,
Finally acetabular cup guide plate is made using the methods of machining or 3D printing.
The utility model embodiment is established an axis and is worn by establishing coronal-plane and sagittal plane according to human dissection feature
The first hollow guiding column of acetabular fossa rotation center is crossed, and the first hollow guiding column distal end and acetabular fossa rotation center weight are set
It closes, the first hollow guiding column proximal end is no more than in patient's acetabular fossa, and the top rake, angle of splay and rotation of acetabular fossa can be accurately positioned
Turn center, guarantee that hip joint has good mobility, and prevents hip prosthesis dislocation from occurring, and in hip replacement surgery
It is middle convenient and efficient using the acetabular cup guide plate of the utility model, it not only can be shortened operating time, but also operating difficulty can be reduced, so that one
A little young doctors can also complete a perfect hip replacement surgery.
Further, in the production method of above-mentioned acetabular cup guide plate, specifically, step (2) opens the complete bone of patient
Basin data establish coronal-plane and sagittal plane according to human body ischial tuberosity, pubic symphysis and the anterior superior spine in human dissection feature.
Further, in order to be overlapped the first hollow guiding column distal end 32 with acetabular fossa rotation center, the first hollow guiding
Column proximal end 31 is no more than in patient's acetabular fossa, and step (4) is established an axis according to the coronal-plane and the sagittal plane and passed through
The acetabular fossa rotation center and 15 ° and 45 ° of angle of splay of top rake of the first hollow guiding column.The setting of the structure can be with
Top rake, angle of splay and the rotation center of acetabular fossa is accurately positioned, guarantees that hip joint has good mobility, and prevent hip joint
Prothesis dislocation occurs.
As depicted in figs. 1 and 2, the utility model embodiment provides a kind of application method of acetabular cup guide plate, comprising:
After step 1) opens patient articular's capsule, surface soft tissue is removed, the acetabular cup guide plate is placed on and patient's hip
On the acetabular labrum of the unique docile of mortar nest, is squeezed into using several pieces of the first Kirschner wires along the location hole, guarantee the acetabular cup guide plate
Position is stablized on hip joint, is not loosened；
Step 2) takes several pieces of the second Kirschner wires to squeeze into along the first hollow guiding column 3, the first hollow guiding column distal end 32 with
Several pieces of the second Kirschner wire intersections are made marks A with electric knife, then take out several pieces of the first Kirschner wires on fixation hole 2, described in removal
Acetabular cup guide plate, only there are several pieces of the second Kirschner wires squeezed into along the first hollow guiding column 3；
Step 3) is by the head 5 of the hollow reamer for hip arthroplasty,acetabulum by 53 sets of the second hollow guiding column in several pieces of the second Kirschner wires
On, and acetabular fossa is ground along the direction of several pieces of the second Kirschner wires, crossbeam position and label A weight until hollow reamer for hip arthroplasty,acetabulum
It closes, stops grinding, remove hollow reamer for hip arthroplasty,acetabulum；
The acetabular bone glass holder is placed hip on several pieces of the second Kirschner wires, and along the direction of several pieces of the second Kirschner wires by step 4)
Mortar cup, until acetabular cup touches acetabular fossa, several pieces of the second Kirschner wires of taking-up tap acetabular cup using beating device, until acetabular bone
Cup is squeezed into acetabular fossa completely, and the acetabular cup placement finishes.
The utility model in hip replacement surgery by using acetabular cup guide plate, and by acetabular cup guide plate and G-needle
It assembles use, is made marks A in the first hollow guiding column distal end and several pieces of the second Kirschner wire intersections with electric knife when use, this mark
Index point when note point A is ground as hollow reamer for hip arthroplasty,acetabulum, hollow reamer for hip arthroplasty,acetabulum crossbeam to this position stop grinding, at this time setting acetabular
After cup, the acetabular fossa rotation center of entire prosthese is overlapped with the acetabular fossa rotation center of fitting, has both guaranteed that hip joint has good work
Dynamic degree, and prevent hip prosthesis dislocation from occurring, and lead in hip replacement surgery using the acetabular cup of the utility model
Plate is convenient and efficient, not only can be shortened operating time, but also can reduce operating difficulty, so that the doctor of some youths can also complete one
Perfect hip replacement surgery.It and by the way that hollow reamer for hip arthroplasty,acetabulum is arranged include head, and head is set and includes curved face part and sets
It sets in the curved face part and connect the second hollow guiding column with the curved face part by four crossbeams, in hip replacement surgery
In, hollow reamer for hip arthroplasty,acetabulum packs into several pieces of the second G-needle fixed, so that hollow reamer for hip arthroplasty,acetabulum is along the side of several pieces of the second G-needle
To being ground, play the role of a grinding guiding.
Further, acetabular fossa is punched in order to prevent, several pieces of the second Kirschner wires are along the first hollow guiding column 3 in step 2)
The depth squeezed into is calculated according to the moulding of the hollow reamer for hip arthroplasty,acetabulum, the data of acetabular cup by computer aided technique.
Embodiment described above is only that preferred embodiments of the present invention are described, not to the utility model
Range be defined, under the premise of not departing from the spirit of the design of the utility model, those of ordinary skill in the art are to this is practical
The various changes and improvements that novel technical solution is made should all fall into the protection model that claims of the utility model determine
In enclosing.
Claims (3)
1. a kind of acetabular cup guide plate, for being oriented to acetabular cup when acetabular fossa is implanted into acetabular cup characterized by comprising
Docile face；
Multiple location holes are uniformly fixed on the docile face；
First hollow guiding column is connect by three connecting rods with the docile face comprising the first hollow guiding column proximal end and
First hollow guiding column distal end；
When using the acetabular cup guide plate in acetabular fossa, the first hollow guiding column proximal end is no more than in acetabular fossa, described
First hollow guiding column distal end is located at acetabular fossa rotation center.
2. acetabular cup guide plate according to claim 1, which is characterized in that
The shape in the docile face is not closed annular, with a thickness of 3mm-6mm.
3. acetabular cup guide plate according to claim 1, which is characterized in that
The number of location hole is 3-8.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201821332422.9U CN209332386U (en) | 2018-08-17 | 2018-08-17 | A kind of acetabular cup guide plate |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201821332422.9U CN209332386U (en) | 2018-08-17 | 2018-08-17 | A kind of acetabular cup guide plate |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN209332386U true CN209332386U (en) | 2019-09-03 |
Family
ID=67743359
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201821332422.9U Active CN209332386U (en) | 2018-08-17 | 2018-08-17 | A kind of acetabular cup guide plate |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN209332386U (en) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| TWI772726B (en) * | 2019-12-25 | 2022-08-01 | 財團法人工業技術研究院 | Assistive-device modeling method and limb guide-plate mechamism |
-
2018
- 2018-08-17 CN CN201821332422.9U patent/CN209332386U/en active Active
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| TWI772726B (en) * | 2019-12-25 | 2022-08-01 | 財團法人工業技術研究院 | Assistive-device modeling method and limb guide-plate mechamism |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| CN109106475A (en) | A kind of acetabular cup guide plate and preparation method thereof | |
| TW201023816A (en) | Thighbone replacement module and its surgical tool | |
| CN101816590A (en) | Method for manufacturing navigation template of human bone surgery and female die thereof | |
| Luenam et al. | The patient-specific implant created with 3D printing technology in treatment of the irreparable radial head in chronic persistent elbow instability | |
| CN209332386U (en) | A kind of acetabular cup guide plate | |
| CN106875392A (en) | A kind of method for generating the description information of human body orthopaedics implant guider | |
| CN109276349A (en) | A kind of 3D printing can extend tibial prosthesis and production method | |
| CN205947849U (en) | Lower jaw condyle is reduction of fracture drag hook suddenly | |
| Nicholson | Arthroplasty and rotator cuff deficiency | |
| RU2702014C1 (en) | Method of primary total shoulder replacement in the post-traumatic deformations of the glenoid surface of the blade with an individual endoprosthesis | |
| Chai et al. | Computer-aided design and custom-made guide in corrective osteotomy for complex femoral deformity | |
| CN209301235U (en) | Osteotomy limiting device and osteotome device | |
| RU2410053C1 (en) | Way of modelling the greater trochanter at hip replacement | |
| Ali et al. | Secondary repair of posttraumatic enophthalmos and extraocular movement disorders | |
| CN213607200U (en) | Biological acetabulum partial reconstruction prosthesis for treating hip joint dysplasia | |
| RU2801048C2 (en) | Method of replacing an elbow joint defect with an individual 3d implant | |
| RU2796765C2 (en) | Method of shoulder joint endoprosthetics for total shoulder defects | |
| RU2300334C2 (en) | Method for hip joint's arthrodesis | |
| Geraci et al. | The anterior approach to the hip for a minimally invasive prosthesis | |
| Pfeil | The anterolateral approach with the patient in supine position | |
| Shaunak et al. | Digital templating in total hip arthroplasty | |
| Huang | Hip Arthroplasty 15 | |
| Huang | Hip Arthroplasty | |
| Liu et al. | Anterior titanium plate plus screw of square area combined with posterior column screw for the treatment of fracture of acetabulum involving square area | |
| Ahmed et al. | A 3D printed total hip arthroplasty in adult with sickle cell disease: a case report. |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| GR01 | Patent grant | ||
| GR01 | Patent grant |