CN209130779U - Three-dimensional optical component and lamps and lanterns - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model relates to the technical field of signal devices, in particular to a three-dimensional optical component and a lamp. The three-dimensional optical component includes a plurality of light-transmitting layers and a plurality of light-shielding layers; the light-transmitting layers are used to transmit the received light; the plurality of the light-transmitting layers and the plurality of the light-shielding layers are alternately arranged ; Among the plurality of light-transmitting layers, the light transmittance of at least one of the light-transmitting layers is different from that of the rest of the light-transmitting layers. The luminaire includes a light source for generating light and a three-dimensional optical component, wherein the three-dimensional optical component is used for receiving the light emitted by the light source. The utility model is beneficial to finally present a variety of required three-dimensional deep luminous effects by changing the change of light transmittance among a plurality of light-transmitting layers in a limited space.

Description

3D Optical Components and Luminaires

technical field

The utility model relates to the technical field of signal devices, in particular to a three-dimensional optical component and a lamp.

Background technique

The current vehicle signal device achieves a three-dimensional deep luminous effect by making at least one of the screen or the reflector a curved surface structure, but the use of the curved surface structure limits the luminous effect of the vehicle signal device with limited space.

Utility model content

The purpose of the present invention is to provide a three-dimensional optical assembly and a lamp to solve the technical problem in the prior art that the luminous effect of a vehicle signal device with limited space is limited.

The utility model provides a three-dimensional optical component, which comprises a plurality of light-transmitting layers and a plurality of light-shielding layers; the light-transmitting layers are used to transmit the received light; The light-shielding layers are alternately arranged; among the plurality of light-transmitting layers, the light transmittance of at least one of the light-transmitting layers is different from that of the rest of the light-transmitting layers.

In any of the above technical solutions, further, the light-transmitting layer and the light-shielding layer are both annular, and the sizes of the light-transmitting layers are different, and the light-transmitting layers of different sizes are composed of The sizes of the plurality of the light shielding layers are different, and the plurality of the light shielding layers of different sizes are sequentially sleeved from the outside to the inside.

In any of the above technical solutions, further, the light transmittances of the plurality of light-transmitting layers gradually decrease from the outside to the inside; or, the light transmittances of the plurality of the light-transmitting layers gradually increase from the outside to the inside .

In any of the above technical solutions, further, the light-transmitting layer located in the innermost circle is sleeved outside the light-shielding layer located in the innermost circle, and is disposed within the ring of the light-shielding layer located in the innermost circle. There is a central layer for transmitting the received light;

Or, the light-shielding layer located in the innermost circle is sleeved outside the light-transmitting layer located in the innermost circle, and a central light-shielding layer is provided in the ring of the light-transmitting layer located in the innermost circle.

In any of the above technical solutions, further, the light transmittances of the plurality of light-transmitting layers are gradually reduced from the outside to the inside; or, the thicknesses of the plurality of light-transmitting layers are gradually reduced from the outside to the inside. Decrease, in order to gradually increase the light transmittance of the plurality of light-transmitting layers from the outside to the inside.

In any of the above technical solutions, further, a light guide portion is further included for providing light to a plurality of the light-transmitting layers.

In any of the above technical solutions, further, the light guide part is a light guide plate; or the light guide part is a light scattering plate; or the light guide part is a transparent panel with patterns.

In any of the above technical solutions, further, the light-transmitting layer includes a plurality of light-transmitting segments, and the plurality of light-transmitting segments are arranged in a ring shape, and there is a gap between two adjacent light-transmitting segments; or The light-transmitting layer is a closed annular structure;

The light-shielding layer includes a plurality of light-shielding segments, and the plurality of light-shielding segments are arranged in a ring shape, and there is a gap between two adjacent light-shielding segments; or the light-shielding layer is a closed annular structure.

The utility model also provides a lamp, which comprises a light source for generating light and the three-dimensional optical component, wherein the three-dimensional optical component is used for receiving the light emitted by the light source.

In any of the above technical solutions, further, the light source includes at least one of a point light source, a line light source and a surface light source.

Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present utility model are:

The utility model provides a three-dimensional optical component and a lamp. By adopting a plurality of light-transmitting layers and a plurality of light-shielding layers alternately arranged, it is convenient for different light-transmitting layers to be arranged at intervals, and the difference between different light-transmitting layers is reduced. and make the light transmittance of at least one light-transmitting layer different from the light transmittance of the rest of the light-transmitting layers, so that due to the difference in light transmittance, it is possible to realize the light and dark between multiple light-transmitting layers. Therefore, in a limited space, by changing the change of the light transmittance between the multiple light-transmitting layers, the desired multiple three-dimensional deep luminous effects are finally presented.

Additional aspects and advantages of the present invention will become apparent in the following section of the description, or learned by practice of the present invention.

Description of drawings

In order to more clearly illustrate the specific embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the following will briefly introduce the accompanying drawings that need to be used in the description of the specific embodiments or the prior art. Obviously, the following descriptions The accompanying drawings are some embodiments of the present invention. For those of ordinary skill in the art, other drawings can also be obtained based on these drawings without creative efforts.

1 is a schematic structural diagram of a lamp provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

2 is a cross-sectional view of a lamp provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

3 is a schematic structural diagram of a lamp provided by an embodiment of the present utility model (when disassembled to an annular shell);

FIG. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of a lamp provided by an embodiment of the present utility model (when disassembled to a housing);

Fig. 5 is the top view of Fig. 4;

6 is a schematic structural diagram of a three-dimensional optical assembly provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of Scheme 1 of the method for generating a three-dimensional deep luminescence effect according to an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram of a second solution of the method for generating a three-dimensional deep luminescence effect according to an embodiment of the present invention.

icon:

101-light transmission layer; 102-light shielding layer; 103-light guide plate;

104-center layer; 200-shell; 201-LED lamp;

202 - annular shell; 203 - bottom plate.

Detailed ways

The technical solutions of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are a part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments.

Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative work fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that the terms "center", "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "inner" and "outer" The orientation or positional relationship indicated by etc. is based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings, which is only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, rather than indicating or implying that the referred device or element must have a specific orientation, with a specific orientation. Therefore, it should not be construed as a limitation on the present invention. Furthermore, the terms "first", "second", and "third" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed to indicate or imply relative importance.

In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that, unless otherwise expressly specified and limited, the terms "installed", "connected" and "connected" should be understood in a broad sense, for example, it may be a fixed connection or a connectable connection. Detachable connection, or integral connection; may be mechanical connection or electrical connection; may be direct connection, or indirect connection through an intermediate medium, or internal communication between two components. For those of ordinary skill in the art, the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood in specific situations.

Example 1

Referring to FIGS. 5 and 6 , an embodiment of the present invention provides a three-dimensional optical component, which includes a plurality of light-transmitting layers 101 and a plurality of light-shielding layers 102; the light-transmitting layers 101 are used to transmit the received light. ; A plurality of light-transmitting layers 101 and a plurality of light-shielding layers 102 are arranged alternately, so that the plurality of light-transmitting layers 101 do not overlap or cross; among the plurality of light-transmitting layers 101, at least one transparent The light transmittance of the light-transmitting layer 101 is different from the light transmittances of the remaining light-transmitting layers 101 .

Specifically, in this embodiment, the light transmittances of the plurality of light-transmitting layers 101 are different from each other. In use, uniform light is provided to the three-dimensional optical component, so that when the light transmittances of the plurality of light-transmitting layers 101 are set to a required variation law, the required luminous effect can be exhibited. Each of the plurality of light-transmitting layers 101 and the plurality of light-shielding layers 102 may be in strip-shaped structures. The light-shielding layer 102 may be made of a substantially opaque material, which may be metal or black rubber; the surface of the light-transmitting layer 101 is flat.

It should be noted that the opaque materials are not limited to the above two materials, and other materials can also be used according to implementation needs to achieve the function of shading; It is determined according to implementation requirements, for example, the surface is an outwardly convex arc surface or an inwardly concave arcuate surface, and it can also be a curved surface of other shapes.

In the three-dimensional optical assembly, the lamp and the method for producing a three-dimensional deep luminous effect provided by this embodiment, a plurality of light-transmitting layers 101 and a plurality of light-shielding layers 102 are alternately arranged, so that different light-transmitting layers 101 are arranged at intervals, And reduce the influence of light transmission between different light-transmitting layers 101; and make the light transmittance of at least one light-transmitting layer 101 different from that of the rest of the light-transmitting layers 101, so that due to the difference in light transmittance, It is possible to realize the change of light and dark among the plurality of light-transmitting layers 101, which is beneficial to change the light transmittance between the plurality of light-transmitting layers 101 in a limited space, and finally present various required 3D deep glow effect.

In an optional solution of this embodiment, the light-transmitting layer 101 and the light-shielding layer 102 are both annular, and the sizes of the multiple light-transmitting layers 101 are different, and the multiple light-transmitting layers 101 of different sizes are sequentially sleeved from the outside to the inside , so that a plurality of light-transmitting layers 101 with different sizes are successively nested from large to small; the sizes of a plurality of light-shielding layers 102 are all different, and a plurality of light-shielding layers 102 of different sizes are successively nested from outside to inside, so many The light-shielding layers 102 with different sizes are assembled in order from large to small. The annular light-transmitting layer 101 is provided so that the light passing through the light-transmitting layer 101 can present a ring-shaped luminous effect. After the light layer 101 is formed, the desired luminous effect is exhibited.

Specifically, the light-transmitting layer is a closed annular structure, the light-shielding layer is a closed annular structure, a light-shielding layer 102 is sandwiched between two adjacent annular light-transmitting layers 101 , and two adjacent light-shielding layers 102 A light-transmitting layer 101 is sandwiched therebetween. In this embodiment, the number of light-transmitting layers 101 may be 1-30, specifically 4, 10, 15 or 20, etc.; and the number of light-shielding layers 102 may be 1-30, specifically 4, 5, 8, 10, 15 or 20 etc. After the plurality of light-transmitting layers 101 and the plurality of light-shielding layers 102 are arranged in order, they are nested in order from large to small.

It should be noted that, the light-transmitting layer 101 and the light-shielding layer 102 can only have non-closed structures at both ends, that is, they are not annular; the two ends of the lengthwise extending direction of the light-transmitting layer 101 may have a distance from each other. In addition, in order to achieve the three-dimensional lighting effect, the shapes of the light-transmitting layer 101 and the light-shielding layer 102 do not need to be limited to the shape of a rectangle or a circle, and any annular shape can be selected as required , can also be other polygons; in addition, at least one light-transmitting layer 101 can be sandwiched between two adjacent light-shielding layers 102, when the number of light-transmitting layers 101 sandwiched between two adjacent light-shielding layers 102 is When there are multiple light-transmitting layers 101, the light transmittances of the multiple light-transmitting layers 101 can be the same or different; in addition, the widths of the multiple light-transmitting layers 101 can be adjusted arbitrarily according to the needs of modeling, so as to realize diversified lighting effects; The width of the plurality of light-transmitting layers 101 gradually increases or decreases gradually, etc.; in addition, when the light-transmitting layer and the light-shielding layer are both annular, the following scheme can be used to achieve: Scheme 1. Light-transmitting layer It includes a plurality of light-transmitting segments, and the plurality of light-transmitting segments are arranged in a ring shape, and there is a gap between two adjacent light-transmitting segments; , and there is an interval between two adjacent shading segments. Solution 2: The light-transmitting layer includes a plurality of light-transmitting segments, and the plurality of light-transmitting segments are arranged in a ring shape, and there is a gap between two adjacent light-transmitting segments, and the light-shielding layer is a closed ring structure. Solution 3: The light-transmitting layer is a closed annular structure, the light-shielding layer includes a plurality of light-shielding segments, and the plurality of light-shielding segments are arranged in a ring shape, and there is a gap between two adjacent light-shielding segments. In addition, in solutions 1 to 3, when there is a gap between two adjacent light-transmitting segments, the gap between the two light-transmitting segments can be filled by a light-shielding structure; When spaced, the space between the two light-shielding segments can be filled by a light-transmitting structure; the light-shielding structure can be made of the same material as the light-shielding layer, and the light-transmitting structure can be made of the same material as the light-transmitting layer.

In an optional solution of this embodiment, the light transmittances of the plurality of light-transmitting layers 101 gradually decrease from the outside to the inside, so that the light-transmitting layers 101 in the outermost circle are the brightest, while the light-transmitting layers in the innermost circle are the brightest. 101 is the darkest, which is relative to the plurality of light-transmitting layers 101 from outside to inside. It should be noted that the change type of the transmittance of the plurality of light-transmitting layers 101 from the outside to the inside may be a decreasing arithmetic progression, a gradually decreasing arithmetic progression, or other consistent monotonically decreasing functions; The light transmittance of the light layer 101 can also be gradually increased from the outside to the inside to achieve another light-emitting effect, and by gradually reducing the thickness of the plurality of light-transmitting layers from the outside to the inside, to achieve a plurality of the light-transmitting layers. The light transmittance of the light-transmitting layer gradually increases from the outside to the inside.

In an optional solution of this embodiment, the light-transmitting layer 101 located in the innermost circle is sleeved outside the light-shielding layer 102 located in the innermost circle, and the ring of the light-shielding layer 102 located in the innermost circle is provided with a ring for enabling the receiving The light transmitted through the central layer 104, thus passing through the central layer 104, to fill the annular space of the light-shielding layer 102 located in the innermost circle. The light transmittance of the central layer 104 is lower than that of the light transmittance layer 101 located in the innermost circle, so that the plurality of light transmittance layers 101 and the central layer 104 together exhibit a luminous effect that gradually becomes darker from the outer circle to the center. The light-shielding layer 102 located at the most light-shielding layer is sleeved outside the light-transmitting layer 101 located at the outermost circle.

It should be noted that the light-transmitting layer 101 located in the innermost circle and the light-transmitting layer 101 located in the outermost circle are all based on the relative positional relationship among the plurality of light-transmitting layers 101; The light-shielding layer 102 and the light-shielding layer 102 located in the outermost circle are all referred to by the relative positional relationship among the plurality of light-shielding layers 102 . In addition, the light-transmitting layer 101 located in the outermost circle can also be sleeved outside the light-shielding layer 102 located in the outermost circle. The light-shielding layer located in the innermost circle is sleeved outside the light-transmitting layer located in the innermost circle, and the ring of the light-transmitting layer located in the innermost circle is provided with a central light-shielding layer, the material of the central light-shielding layer and the material of the light-shielding layer. same.

In an optional solution of this embodiment, the thicknesses of the plurality of light-transmitting layers 101 gradually increase from the outside to the inside; the central layer 104 and the plurality of light-transmitting layers 101 can be made of the same material. In this case, by changing the light-transmitting layers 101 and the thickness of the central layer 104, so that the central layer 104 and different multiple light-transmitting layers 101 have different light transmittances.

Specifically, when the central layer 104 and the plurality of light-transmitting layers 101 are made of the same material, the thickness of the light-transmitting layer 101 located in the innermost circle is smaller than the thickness of the central layer 104 . The material of the center layer 104 and the material of the light-transmitting layer 101 can be transparent materials such as inorganic glass, organic glass, acrylic plate, plastic or crystal.

In an optional solution of this embodiment, the three-dimensional optical assembly further includes a light guide portion, which is used to provide uniform light to the plurality of light-transmitting layers 101. After the light source illuminates the light guide portion, the light guide portion passes through the light guide portion to obtain uniform light. Area light source.

Specifically, the light guide portion is the light guide plate 103, and the light guide plate 103 can guide the light evenly, so that the emitted light is more uniform. The plurality of light-transmitting layers 101 and the plurality of light-shielding layers 102 are used to form the light-emitting portion of the three-dimensional optical component, and the light-emitting portion further includes a center layer 104 . The light guide portion is located on one side of the light emitting portion to provide uniform light to the light emitting portion. The light can be emitted from the light-transmitting layer 101 and the central layer 104 , but cannot pass through the light-shielding layer 102 . It should be noted that the light guide part can also be a light diffusing plate, the material of the light diffusing plate can be PC, and the light diffusing plate is made of a material with scattering properties; or the light guide part can be a transparent panel with patterns; The portion can also be a reflector to reflect the light source to the light-emitting portion.

Embodiment 2

An embodiment of the present invention provides a lamp, which includes a light source for generating light and the above-mentioned three-dimensional optical assembly, wherein the three-dimensional optical assembly is used for receiving the light emitted by the light source.

Referring to FIG. 1 to FIG. 5 , in an optional solution of this embodiment, the lamp further includes an absorber, and the absorber is arranged around the circumference of the three-dimensional optical component. The absorber is the housing 200, which can allow light to leak from places other than the light guide part and the light emitting part.

In an optional solution of this embodiment, the light source includes at least one of a point light source, a line light source, and a surface light source, and the number of the point light source, the line light source, and the surface light source may be one or more.

In this embodiment, the light source includes a point light source as an example for specific description, the point light source is an LED lamp, the number of the LED lamps is multiple, and a plurality of LED lamps 201 are arranged side by side. The LED lamps 201 are evenly arranged along one long side of the light guide plate 103 . The plurality of LED lamps 201 can be distributed at equal intervals; and the plurality of LED lamps 201 are located in the inner cavity of one long side of the absorber. The light emitted by the LED lamp 201 enters from the side of the light guide plate 103 (ie, the incident surface of the light guide plate 103 ), and exits from the light exit surface of the light guide plate 103 , and the uniform light emitted from the light exit surface of the light guide plate 103 enters the light transmission The layer 101 and the central layer 104, due to the change of the light transmittance of the light-transmitting layers 101 of the plurality of light-transmitting layers 101 and the central layer 104, will form a deep 3D visual effect in which the light intensity decreases sequentially from the outer side to the inner side. The absorber may include an annular shell 202 and a bottom plate 203 , the annular shell 202 may be fixed on the bottom plate 203 by clamping or screws, or the annular shell 202 may be fixedly connected to the bottom plate 203 by glue. It should be noted that the light of the LED lamp can also be introduced into the light guide first, and then introduced from the light guide to the light guide plate, so that the lighting effect is better.

Embodiment 3

The implementation of the present invention provides a method for generating a three-dimensional deep luminous effect, the method comprising:

Option 1: Referring to FIG. 7, a plurality of light-shielding layers 102 are arranged on the light-transmitting substrate at intervals, so that the part of the light-transmitting substrate exposed between two adjacent light-shielding layers 102 forms the light-transmitting layer 101; The thickness of the light layer 101 is changed, so that the light transmittance of the light transmittance layer 101 with the changed thickness is different from the light transmittance of the rest of the light transmittance layers 101; The aluminum layer or the resin layer sprayed with the set thickness, the resin layer is opaque, and the light-shielding layer 102 is formed by a part of the aluminum layer or a part of the opaque resin layer; laser engraving is performed according to the modeling requirements, and the aluminum layer or resin layer to engrave the set part, so as to engrave the light-emitting band that needs to emit light, the light-emitting band is the light-transmitting layer 101; and during the engraving process, by controlling the power of the laser, engraving time and engraving speed, Different annular light-transmitting layers 101 are formed by engraving sequentially from the outer ring to the inner ring, and the engraving depths from the outer ring to the inner ring are successively reduced, so that the transparency of the plurality of different light-transmitting layers 101 from the outside to the inside is ensured. change in light rate. A plurality of light-transmitting layers 101 and a plurality of light-shielding layers 102 are used to form three light-emitting parts, and the light-emitting parts further include a central layer 104 . The light guide portion is located on one side of the light emitting portion to provide uniform light to the light emitting portion. The light can be emitted from the light-transmitting layer 101 and the central layer 104 , but cannot pass through the light-shielding layer 102 . The light guide part adopts the light guide plate 103; after the light source is irradiated on the incident surface of the light guide plate 103, the uniform light emitted from the light guide plate 103 enters the light-transmitting substrate and then passes through the light-transmitting layer 101. The change of the rate will form a deep 3D visual effect in which the light intensity from the outer side to the inner side decreases in turn.

Option 2: Referring to FIG. 8 , a plurality of light-transmitting layers 101 and a plurality of light-shielding layers 102 are arranged alternately, and the thickness of at least one light-transmitting layer 101 is different from the thickness of the remaining light-transmitting layers 101 , so that at least one The light transmittance of one light-transmitting layer 101 is different from the light transmittance of the other light-transmitting layers 101 ; the thicknesses of the plurality of light-transmitting layers 101 increase sequentially from the outer ring to the inner ring, that is, the formation of a sequence from the outer ring to the inner ring is formed. Changes in transmittance, the light-transmitting layer 101 and the light-shielding layer 102 are formed into the same part by two-color injection molding. A plurality of light-transmitting layers 101 and a plurality of light-shielding layers 102 are used to form three light-emitting parts, and the light-emitting parts further include a central layer 104 . The light guide portion is located on one side of the light emitting portion to provide uniform light to the light emitting portion. The light can be emitted from the light-transmitting layer 101 and the central layer 104 , but cannot pass through the light-shielding layer 102 . The light guide part adopts the light guide plate 103; after the light source is irradiated on the incident surface of the light guide plate 103, the uniform light emitted from the light guide plate 103 passes through the light-transmitting layer 101. A deep 3D visual effect is formed in which the light intensity from the outer side to the inner side decreases in turn.

It can be seen from the above that the method for generating a three-dimensional deep luminescence effect can be implemented by two different solutions. The method for generating a three-dimensional deep luminescence effect is the method for manufacturing a three-dimensional optical component as described in the first embodiment. It should be noted that, in FIG. 7 and FIG. 8 , the light-transmitting layer located in the outermost circle is sleeved outside the light-shielding layer located in the outermost circle; the light-shielding layer located in the innermost circle is sleeved on the transparent layer located in the innermost circle. Outside the light layer and located in the innermost ring of the light-transmitting layer, a central light-shielding layer is provided, and the material of the central light-shielding layer is the same as that of the light-shielding layer.

To sum up, the three-dimensional optical components and lamps provided by the implementation of the present invention are mainly used for signal reminders of motor vehicles, and the three-dimensional optical components and lamps have obvious advantages in the thickness of the assembly, which is very advantageous for some lamps with limited space; It can be arranged as a lamp in front, rear or side of the vehicle to provide a three-dimensional deep luminous effect for the vehicle lamp. The three-dimensional optical assembly, the lamp and the method for generating a three-dimensional deep luminous effect provided by the embodiments of the present invention can not only achieve a ring-shaped lighting effect or a rectangular lighting effect by changing the light transmittance of different light-transmitting layers, but also Other lighting effects can be achieved, and the lighting effects are diversified. The width of the light-transmitting layer may not be limited by the width of the light source; nesting can also be realized, and the cost is low.

Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present utility model, but not to limit them, not only limited to the annular light-emitting strip (ie, the light-transmitting layer), and similar methods are used to achieve brightness from bright The dimmed and gradually illuminated lamps are all within the scope of protection; although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those of ordinary skill in the art should understand: The technical solutions are modified, or some or all of the technical features thereof are equivalently replaced; and these modifications or replacements do not make the essence of the corresponding technical solutions depart from the scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.

Claims (10)

1. A three-dimensional optical assembly, characterized in that it comprises a plurality of light-transmitting layers and a plurality of light-shielding layers; the light-transmitting layers are used to transmit the received light; a plurality of the light-transmitting layers and a plurality of The light-shielding layers are alternately arranged; among the plurality of light-transmitting layers, the light transmittance of at least one of the light-transmitting layers is different from that of the rest of the light-transmitting layers. 2 . The three-dimensional optical component according to claim 1 , wherein the light-transmitting layer and the light-shielding layer are both annular, and the sizes of the plurality of light-transmitting layers are all different, and the multiple light-transmitting layers are different in size. The light-transmitting layers are sequentially sleeved from the outside to the inside; the sizes of the plurality of the light-shielding layers are all different, and the plurality of the light-shielding layers of different sizes are sleeved sequentially from the outside to the inside. 3 . The three-dimensional optical assembly according to claim 2 , wherein the light transmittances of the plurality of light-transmitting layers gradually decrease from the outside to the inside; or, the light transmittances of the plurality of light-transmitting layers are set by the Gradually increase from outside to inside. 4. The three-dimensional optical assembly according to claim 2 or 3, wherein the light-transmitting layer located in the innermost circle is sleeved outside the light-shielding layer located in the innermost circle, and is located in the innermost circle. The ring of the shading layer is provided with a central layer for transmitting the received light; Or, the light-shielding layer located in the innermost circle is sleeved outside the light-transmitting layer located in the innermost circle, and a central light-shielding layer is provided in the ring of the light-transmitting layer located in the innermost circle. 5 . The three-dimensional optical component according to claim 2 or 3 , wherein the thicknesses of the plurality of light-transmitting layers gradually increase from outside to inside, so as to increase the light transmittance of the plurality of light-transmitting layers. 6 . gradually decrease from the outside to the inside; or, the thicknesses of the plurality of light-transmitting layers gradually decrease from the outside to the inside, so as to gradually increase the light transmittance of the plurality of the light-transmitting layers from the outside to the inside. 6 . The three-dimensional optical assembly according to claim 1 , further comprising a light guide portion for providing light to the plurality of light-transmitting layers. 7 . 7 . The three-dimensional optical assembly according to claim 6 , wherein the light guide part is a light guide plate; or the light guide part is a light diffusing plate; or the light guide part is a transparent panel with patterns. 8 . 8 . The three-dimensional optical component according to claim 2 or 3 , wherein the light-transmitting layer comprises a plurality of light-transmitting segments, and the plurality of light-transmitting segments are arranged in a ring shape, and two adjacent light-transmitting segments are arranged in a ring shape. 9 . There is space between the segments; or the light-transmitting layer is a closed annular structure; The light-shielding layer includes a plurality of light-shielding segments, and the plurality of light-shielding segments are arranged in a ring shape, and there is a gap between two adjacent light-shielding segments; or the light-shielding layer is a closed annular structure. 9. A luminaire, characterized by comprising a light source for generating light and the three-dimensional optical assembly according to any one of claims 1-8, wherein the three-dimensional optical assembly is configured to receive the light emitted by the light source. 10. The lamp according to claim 9, wherein the light source comprises at least one of a point light source, a line light source and a surface light source.