CN207662742U - A kind of rubble railway ballast direct shear test instrument - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model discloses a crushed stone ballast direct shear tester, which belongs to the technical field of inspection and test tools, and aims to provide a crushed stone ballast direct shear tester, which solves the problems caused by the vertical shear of the existing direct shearer during the test. The error of the direct shear test results is large due to the constant change of the shear area due to the same box size. The test box includes a frame body, a lower box arranged on the frame body, and an upper box arranged on the lower box. The upper box and the lower box can move relative to each other, and the length of the inner cavity of the lower box is greater than that of the upper box. . The length of the inner cavity of the lower box is set to be greater than the length of the inner cavity of the upper box, so that during the relative movement of the upper box and the lower box, the overlapping area between the upper box and the lower box (ie, shear Area) will be the same as the inner cavity area of the upper box, so the shear area will not change continuously with the increase of horizontal displacement, eliminating or reducing the direct shear test error caused by the change of the shear area, and improving the direct shear The precision of the test.

Description

A crushed stone ballast direct shear tester

technical field

The utility model belongs to the technical field of inspection and test tools, and relates to a test box for crushed stone ballast, in particular to a test box for railway crushed stone ballast shear test.

Background technique

Ballasted track is the most important track structure form of my country's railways. As of the end of 2017, the operating mileage of China's railways reached 127,000 kilometers, of which the operating mileage of normal-speed railways and heavy-haul railways with ballasted track lines accounting for more than 99% was 102,000 kilometers. There are ballast tracks. The gravel bed in the ballasted track is composed of graded gravel, its mechanical properties and service status directly affect the safe operation and daily maintenance of the railway. Railway operation practice shows that more than 75% of the maintenance and repair work on the ballasted track is Developed for the gravel track bed. Therefore, mastering the mechanical properties of railway crushed stone bed has important engineering practical significance for ballasted track structure design and operation and maintenance.

The gravel ballast bed under the rails and sleepers plays an important role in distributing and transferring the train load to the subgrade. Under the repeated action of the train dynamic load, the ballast particles are squeezed and overturned, rearranged, worn, broken, etc., resulting in The geometric shape and mechanical properties of the gravel ballast bed change, and the rail surface has uneven settlement, which seriously affects the safety of train operation and ride comfort. The ability of gravel ballast bed to maintain geometric shape is directly related to the shear strength of ballast granular materials. In order to obtain the shear strength of ballast ballast with different materials and particle size distribution under different normal pressures, it is necessary to develop The tester for the direct shear test of granular ballast materials is used to accurately test the direct shear mechanical properties of ballast materials.

The Chinese patent document with application number 201510050374.9 discloses a shaft-shifting gravel ballast direct shear instrument, which includes a reaction force augmentation frame and a direct shear instrument main body arranged inside the reaction force augmentation frame. The vertical loading mechanism connected vertically to the counterforce reinforcing frame, the first shear box arranged under the vertical loading mechanism, the second shear box arranged under the first shear box, and the first shear box arranged under the first shear box A horizontally connected horizontal loading mechanism, a base mechanism supporting the main body of the direct shear instrument, and a data acquisition mechanism for collecting pressure data and displacement data. The direct shearing instrument realizes the direct shearing of the gravel ballast in the box by fixing the lower box and moving the upper box. However, since the upper and lower boxes are of the same size, after the horizontal force is applied, the upper and lower boxes will stagger with each other, resulting in the constant change of the shear area with the increase of the horizontal displacement, which cannot guarantee the correct result of the direct shear test. In addition, the direct shear instrument cannot change the size of the gap between the upper and lower boxes, and it is difficult to be used for the direct shear test of smaller particle size granular materials, so it has certain limitations. In the process of ballast bed design and maintenance, the method of adding geogrid is usually used to reinforce the ballast bed, so as to increase the integrity of the ballast bed.

Utility model content

The purpose of this utility model is to provide a direct shear tester for gravel ballast in order to solve the large error of the direct shear test results caused by the constant change of the shear area due to the same size of the upper and lower boxes in the test of the existing direct shear instrument. .

The technical scheme that the utility model adopts is as follows:

A gravel ballast direct shear tester, comprising a frame body, a lower box arranged on the frame body, and an upper box arranged on the lower box, the upper box and the lower box can move relative to each other, and the inner cavity of the lower box The length is greater than the length of the inner cavity of the upper case.

In order to solve the technical problem of the stability of the movement of the upper case and the lower case when the upper case moves relatively, the application preferably uses the lower case to move. That is: the upper surface of the rack body is provided with a guide rail, the lower box is installed on the rack body through the guide rail, and the lower box can move along the direction of the guide rail on the guide rail; An external drive unit is connected, which pulls the lower box to move.

Regardless of the movement of the upper box or the lower box, the friction between the box and the outside is always unavoidable, and this friction will affect the final test results; therefore, in order to solve the large friction between the box and the outside The technical problem is that the guide rail adopts linear bearings. After adopting linear bearings, the original sliding between the lower box and the frame body changes to rolling.

In the actual test process, due to the limitation of the installation position of the external drive device, the output shaft of the external drive device may not be flush with the connection part of the lower box, and there may be a certain misalignment between the two. For this reason, in order to solve the technical problem of being affected by the installation position restriction of the external drive device when the lower case is connected with the external drive device, the two ends of the pulling member are set as hinge mechanisms. That is: the pulling part includes a pull rod, one end of the pull rod is hinged to the stress end of the lower box, and the other end of the pull rod is hinged to a connecting plate connected to the external drive device, so that the force end, pull rod and connecting plate form a cross hinge structure. Certainly, the hinge axes at the two hinge positions may be parallel or non-parallel.

In the preferred solution of the present application, the lower case is used to move and the upper case is fixed. For this reason, the upper surface of the frame body is connected with limit beams, and two sets of limit beams are arranged. The two sets of limit beams are located on both sides of the lower box along the moving direction of the lower box, and each set of limit beams passes The side frame is installed above the frame body, and the upper box is connected with the limit beam, and the upper box cannot move on the limit beam.

The particle size of the crushed stones tested in this test chamber is large and small, but in order to make the test of the test chamber more accurate, there will be a gap between the upper box and the lower box. If the particle size of the crushed stone is too small, when the particle size of the crushed stone is smaller than the gap between the upper box and the lower box, part of the crushed stone will be scattered from the gap; if the particle size of the crushed stone is too large, and the upper box The gap between the box and the lower box is small, which makes it more difficult to pull the lower box. For this reason, in order to be suitable for crushed stones of different particle sizes, the gap between the upper box and the lower box is set to be adjustable, that is, a height adjustment nut is connected to the upper box, and the bottom of the height adjustment nut is supported at the limit position. on the beam. When it is necessary to adjust the gap between the upper box and the lower box, just turn the height adjustment nut.

In the actual use of crushed stone ballast, in addition to laying crushed stones, geogrids may also be installed, so it is necessary to conduct shear tests on crushed stones with geogrids installed. For this purpose, a grid clamping device is connected to the lower part of the upper box, and a geogrid is arranged at the gap between the upper box and the lower box, and the connection end of the geogrid is fixed on the upper box by the grid clamping device .

In order to facilitate the clamping of the geogrid, the grid clamping device adopts a plate type for clamping. The grid clamping device includes a U-shaped base frame, and limit holes are provided on the connecting rods at both ends of the U-shaped base frame, and limit pins are placed in the limit holes. Layer clamping plate, the clamping plate can move along the length direction of the connecting rod on the U-shaped basic frame, and the clamping plate on the side close to the upper box is limited by the limit pin.

When the plate type is used for clamping, the geogrid can be wound in many ways. For this reason, a preferred winding method is provided. The clamping plate has three layers, and the connecting end of the geogrid passes through the gap between the cross bar of the U-shaped foundation frame and the clamping plate on the side away from the upper box, and the clamping plate on the side close to the upper box and the middle Then snap into the gap between the clamping plate on the side away from the upper case and the clamping plate in the middle position.

After the test is completed, it is usually necessary to remove the gravel in the box. In the prior art, the test box is usually taken by hand or turned over to discharge the gravel from the box. However, whether it is taken by hand or turned over the test box, it is more troublesome, and the efficiency of taking out the gravel is very low. A discharge door is arranged on the side of the lower box, and a discharge chute is connected to a position corresponding to the discharge door on the side of the lower box. When it is necessary to discharge the gravel, just open the discharge door, and the gravel will be discharged through the discharge gate and discharge chute under the action of its own gravity.

In summary, due to the adoption of the above technical solution, the beneficial effects of the utility model are:

1. In the present utility model, the length of the inner cavity of the lower box is set to be greater than the length of the inner cavity of the upper box, so that during the relative movement of the upper box and the lower box, the gap between the upper box and the lower box can be maintained within a relatively long period of time. The overlapping area (that is, the shear area) will be the same as the inner cavity area of the upper box, so the shear area will not change continuously with the increase of the horizontal displacement, eliminating or reducing the direct shear caused by the change of the shear area The test error improves the accuracy of the direct shear test, improves the test efficiency, and integrates the test resources.

2. In the utility model, the lower box is installed on the frame body through guide rails, so that the lower box can move on the frame body; the movement of the lower box can better ensure the stability of the lower box movement. On the other hand It is also more convenient to connect with an external driving device, and facilitate the installation of the sensor.

3. In the utility model, the guide rail adopts a linear bearing. When the box moves, the sliding friction between the box and the guide rail can be changed into rolling friction, thereby reducing the friction between the box and the guide rail, and improving the test chamber. test accuracy.

4. In the present utility model, the two ends of the pull rod of the pull member are connected to the outside through hinges, so that the force-bearing end, the pull rod and the connecting plate form a structure similar to a cross hinge, which can be easily connected with the external drive device and will not be affected. The limitation of the installation position of the external driving device improves the scope of application of the test chamber.

5. In the utility model, a height adjustment nut is connected to the upper box, and the height position of the upper box can be adjusted by adjusting the nut, so as to adjust the gap between the upper box and the lower box, so as to adapt to the direct shearing of granular materials with different particle sizes. Test to improve the test accuracy of the test chamber.

6. In the utility model, a geogrid is arranged between the upper box and the lower box, and a geogrid clamping device is installed at the bottom of the upper box to carry out a pull-out test of the geogrid to expand the space of the test box. scope of application.

7. In the utility model, the grid clamping device adopts multiple sets of clamping plates for clamping. Since the geogrid is only fixedly installed on the upper box in the direction opposite to the direction in which the lower box is pulled, it is in the opposite direction. When pulling the lower box, under the action of gravel, the clamping plate will be pulled through the geogrid and attached to the clamping plate, so that the connection end of the geogrid can be clamped between the clamping plates, and when it is necessary to disassemble the geogrid When installing the geogrid, you only need to loosen the limit pin and move the clamping plate, so that the geogrid can be disassembled very conveniently.

8. In this utility model, the clamping plate is set as three layers, and the connection end of the geogrid passes through the gap between the cross bar of the U-shaped foundation frame and the clamping plate on the side away from the upper box in turn, close to the upper box The gap between the clamping plate on one side and the clamping plate in the middle position is then snapped into the gap between the clamping plate on the side away from the upper box and the clamping plate in the middle position; In this way, the connection to the geogrid can be realized more stably.

9. In this utility model, a discharge door and a discharge chute are provided on the side of the lower box, and the additional discharge door and discharge chute of the upper box avoid repeated disassembly and assembly of the test box, and then quickly and conveniently replace the test gravel Material.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the present invention, that is, a schematic diagram of the state of the comprehensive test box before the test.

Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the upper box, that is, a schematic diagram of the height adjustment nut, the geogrid clamping device, and the horizontal limit structure.

Figure 3 is a top view of the assembly of the upper and lower boxes.

Fig. 4 is a front view of the lower box, that is, a schematic diagram of the horizontal force applying rod.

Fig. 5 is a side view of the lower box, that is, a schematic diagram of the discharge door and the discharge chute.

Fig. 6 is an overall schematic diagram of the rack, that is, a schematic diagram of the slide rail and the limit installation beam of the upper box.

Fig. 7 is a structural schematic diagram of a grid clamping device.

Fig. 8 is a structural schematic diagram of the grid clamping device when clamping the geogrid.

Marks in the figure: 1. Rack body; 2. Limit beam; 3. Side frame; 4. Upper box; 5. Height adjustment nut; 6. Grille clamping device; 7. Guide rail; 9. Discharge door; 10. Lower box; 11. Pulling member; 12. Geogrid; 61. U-shaped foundation frame; 62. Limit pin; 63. Limit hole; 64. Clamping plate; 2-1 , Beam limiting groove; 4-1, Box limiting groove; 11-1, Stress end; 11-2, Pull rod; 11-3, Connecting plate.

Detailed ways

In order to make the purpose, technical solution and advantages of the utility model clearer, the utility model will be further described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described here are only used to explain the utility model, and are not intended to limit the utility model.

A gravel ballast direct shear tester, comprising a frame body 1, a lower box 10 is arranged on the frame body 1, an upper box 4 is arranged on the lower box 10, and the upper box 4 and the lower box 10 can be produce relative movement. To make relative movement between upper case 4 and lower case 10, upper case 4 can be fixed and lower case 10 can be moved, lower case 10 can also be fixed and upper case 4 can be moved. 10 can be moved, but the direction of movement is opposite. In addition, the length of the cavity of the lower case 10 is greater than the length of the cavity of the upper case 4, so that in a certain distance when the upper case 4 and the lower case 10 move relatively, the shear area formed between the upper case 4 and the lower case 10 does not It will not change continuously with the relative movement of the two on the horizontal plane.

As a preference, the present application preferably adopts a mode in which the upper case 4 is fixed and the lower case 10 moves. That is, a guide rail 7 is arranged on the upper surface of the frame body 1, and the lower case 10 is installed on the frame body 1 by the guide rail 7, and one side of the lower case 10 is connected with a pulling member 11, so that the lower case 10 is lowered under the action of the pulling member 11. The box 10 is movable on the guide rail 7 along the track direction of the guide rail 7 .

Preferably, the guide rail 7 adopts a linear bearing, and the friction force between the lower case 10 and the guide rail 7 can be reduced through the linear bearing.

There are many ways to realize pulling the lower case 10, which can be directly driven by a hydraulic cylinder or an air cylinder, or driven by a screw nut pair. However, limited by the installation position of the external driving device, preferably, the pulling member 11 includes a pull rod 11-2, one end of the pull rod 11-2 is hinged to the stressed end 11-1 of the lower case 10, and the other end of the pull rod 11-2 is hinged to a Connecting board 11-3 connected with external driving device. Therefore, the force receiving end 11-1, the tie rod 11-2 and the connecting plate 11-3 will form a structure similar to a cross hinge.

Since the present application preferably adopts the mode that the upper case 4 is fixed and the lower case 10 moves, the fixing methods of the upper case 4 may be various. The present application provides a specific implementation method, that is, the upper surface of the frame body 1 is connected with a limit beam 2, and the limit beam 2 is provided with two groups, and the two groups of limit beams 2 are respectively arranged on the moving direction of the lower box 10 The two sides of the upper box 4 and the two ends of each set of limit beams 2 are installed on the frame body 1 through the side frames 3 . In addition, both sides of the upper box 4 are connected to the limiting beam 2 through the beam limiting groove 2 - 1 on the limiting beam 2 and the box limiting groove 4 - 1 on the upper box 4 .

In order to expand the scope of application of the test box, it is suitable for direct shear tests of granular materials with different particle sizes. The upper box 4 is connected with a height adjustment nut 5, and the bottom of the height adjustment nut 5 is supported on the limit beam 2. When needing to adjust the height position of upper case 4, rotate height adjustment nut 5, because upper case 4 is threaded with height adjustment nut 5, thereby will drive upper case 4 to move up and down when rotating height adjustment nut 5.

Since the crushed stone ballast is usually provided with geogrids in actual use, it is necessary to test the crushed stones provided with geogrids in special cases. Therefore, a grid clamping device 6 is connected to the bottom of the upper box 4, and a geogrid is arranged at the gap between the upper box 4 and the lower box 10, and the connection end of the geogrid is fixed by the grid clamping device 6 On upper box 4.

Since the moving lower box 10 will tend to pull the geogrid 12 when the lower box 10 is pulled, thereby tightening the geogrid 12 . Therefore, by virtue of this trend, a grid clamping device is provided. The grid clamping device includes a U-shaped basic frame 61, which includes a cross bar and connecting rods located at both ends of the cross bar and connected to the ends of the cross bar. The other end of the connecting rod is fixedly connected to the upper box 4 superior. A limiting hole 63 is provided on the connecting rod of the U-shaped base frame 61 along the length direction of the connecting rod, and a limiting pin 62 is arranged in the limiting hole 63 . Also be provided with at least three clamping plates 64, each clamping plate 64 is provided with grooves, the shape and size of the grooves are adapted to the U-shaped base frame 61, thereby stacking multiple clamping plates 64 It is sleeved on the U-shaped base frame 61 , and the clamping plate 64 can move on the U-shaped base frame 61 along the length direction of the connecting rod.

Preferably, the clamping plate 64 is arranged in three layers, and the grid clamping device 6 is wound around the geogrid 12 in such a way that the connection end of the geogrid 12 passes through the cross bar of the U-shaped foundation frame 61 and the The gap between the clamping plates 64 on one side of the upper case 4, the gap between the clamping plates 64 on the side of the upper case 4 and the clamping plates 64 in the middle position are snapped into the clamping plate on the side away from the upper case 4. In the gap between the plate 64 and the clamping plate 64 in the middle position. Since the geogrid is only fixedly installed on the upper box in the direction opposite to the direction in which the lower box is pulled, when the lower box is pulled in the opposite direction, the clamping plate will be pulled by the geogrid under the action of the gravel and attached to it. Clamping plate, so that the connection end of the geogrid can be clamped between the clamping plates, and when the geogrid needs to be disassembled, just loosen the limit pin and move the clamping plate, so that it can be very The geogrid can be easily disassembled.

For the convenience of taking out the gravel after the test is completed, a discharge door 9 is provided on the side of the lower case 10, and a discharge chute 8 is connected to the side of the lower case 10 corresponding to the position of the discharge door 9. After finishing the test, open the discharge door 9 and discharge trough 8 on the lower case 10, and the gravel in the lower case 10 will be discharged from the discharge door 9 under the effect of self gravity.

Example 1

A gravel ballast direct shear tester, comprising a frame body 1, a lower box 10 is arranged on the frame body 1, an upper box 4 is arranged on the lower box 10, and the upper box 4 and the lower box 10 can be produce relative movement. To make relative movement between upper case 4 and lower case 10, upper case 4 can be fixed and lower case 10 can be moved, lower case 10 can also be fixed and upper case 4 can be moved. 10 can be moved, but the direction of movement is opposite. In addition, the length of the cavity of the lower case 10 is greater than the length of the cavity of the upper case 4, so that in a certain distance when the upper case 4 and the lower case 10 move relatively, the shear area formed between the upper case 4 and the lower case 10 does not It will not change continuously with the relative movement of the two on the horizontal plane.

Example 2

On the basis of Embodiment 1, this embodiment preferably adopts the method of fixing the upper box 4 and moving the lower box 10 . That is, a guide rail 7 is arranged on the upper surface of the frame body 1, and the lower case 10 is installed on the frame body 1 by the guide rail 7, and one side of the lower case 10 is connected with a pulling member 11, so that the lower case 10 is lowered under the action of the pulling member 11. The box 10 is movable on the guide rail 7 along the track direction of the guide rail 7 .

Example 3

On the basis of the second embodiment, the guide rail 7 adopts a linear bearing, and the friction force between the lower case 10 and the guide rail 7 can be reduced through the linear bearing.

Example 4

On the basis of Embodiment 2 or Embodiment 3, there are many ways to realize pulling the lower box 10, which can be directly driven by a hydraulic cylinder or an air cylinder, or driven by a screw nut pair. However, limited by the installation position of the external driving device, preferably, the pulling member 11 includes a pull rod 11-2, one end of the pull rod 11-2 is hinged to the stressed end 11-1 of the lower case 10, and the other end of the pull rod 11-2 is hinged to a Connecting board 11-3 connected with external driving device. Therefore, the force receiving end 11-1, the tie rod 11-2 and the connecting plate 11-3 will form a structure similar to a cross hinge.

Example 5

On the basis of the above-mentioned embodiments, since the present application preferably adopts the method of fixing the upper case 4 and moving the lower case 10, the fixing methods of the upper case 4 may be varied. The present application provides a specific implementation method, that is, the upper surface of the frame body 1 is connected with a limit beam 2, and the limit beam 2 is provided with two groups, and the two groups of limit beams 2 are respectively arranged on the moving direction of the lower box 10 The two sides of the upper box 4 and the two ends of each set of limit beams 2 are installed on the frame body 1 through the side frames 3 . In addition, both sides of the upper box 4 are connected to the limiting beam 2 through the beam limiting groove 2 - 1 on the limiting beam 2 and the box limiting groove 4 - 1 on the upper box 4 .

Example 6

On the basis of the fifth embodiment, the upper box 4 is connected with a height adjustment nut 5 , and the bottom of the height adjustment nut 5 is supported on the limit beam 2 . When needing to adjust the height position of upper case 4, rotate height adjustment nut 5, because upper case 4 is threaded with height adjustment nut 5, thereby will drive upper case 4 to move up and down when rotating height adjustment nut 5.

Example 7

On the basis of the above-mentioned embodiments, a grid clamping device 6 is connected to the lower part of the upper box 4, and a geogrid is arranged at the gap between the upper box 4 and the lower box 10, and the connection end of the geogrid passes through the grid. The grid clamping device 6 is fixed on the upper case 4 .

Example 8

On the basis of Embodiment 7, the grid clamping device includes a U-shaped basic frame 61, and the U-shaped basic frame 61 includes a cross bar and connecting rods located at both ends of the cross bar and connected to the ends of the cross bar. The other end is fixedly connected to the upper case 4. A limiting hole 63 is provided on the connecting rod of the U-shaped base frame 61 along the length direction of the connecting rod, and a limiting pin 62 is arranged in the limiting hole 63 . Also be provided with at least three clamping plates 64, each clamping plate 64 is provided with grooves, the shape and size of the grooves are adapted to the U-shaped base frame 61, thereby stacking multiple clamping plates 64 It is sleeved on the U-shaped base frame 61 , and the clamping plate 64 can move on the U-shaped base frame 61 along the length direction of the connecting rod.

Example 9

On the basis of the eighth embodiment, the clamping plate 64 is arranged in three layers, and the grid clamping device 6 wraps around the geogrid 12 in the following way: the connecting ends of the geogrid 12 pass through the U-shaped basic frame in sequence 61 and the gap between the clamping plate 64 on the side away from the upper box 4, and the gap between the clamping plate 64 on the side close to the upper box 4 and the clamping plate 64 in the middle position, then snap into the gap away from the upper box 4 in the gap between the clamping plate 64 on one side and the clamping plate 64 in the middle position. Since the geogrid is only fixedly installed on the upper box in the direction opposite to the direction in which the lower box is pulled, when the lower box is pulled in the opposite direction, the clamping plate will be pulled by the geogrid under the action of the gravel and attached to it. Clamping plate, so that the connection end of the geogrid can be clamped between the clamping plates, and when the geogrid needs to be disassembled, just loosen the limit pin and move the clamping plate, so that it can be very The geogrid can be easily disassembled.

Example 10

On the basis of the above embodiments, a discharge door 9 is provided on the side of the lower box 10 , and a discharge chute 8 is connected to the side of the lower box 10 at a position corresponding to the discharge door 9 . After finishing the test, open the discharge door 9 and discharge trough 8 on the lower case 10, and the gravel in the lower case 10 will be discharged from the discharge door 9 under the effect of self gravity.

The above descriptions are only preferred embodiments of the present utility model, and are not intended to limit the present utility model. Any modifications, equivalent replacements and improvements made within the spirit and principles of the present utility model shall be included in this utility model. within the scope of protection of utility models.

Claims (10)

1. a kind of rubble railway ballast direct shear test instrument, including frame body (1), be set in frame body (1) nowel (10), set The top box (4) being placed on nowel (10), top box (4) can generate relative movement with nowel (10), it is characterised in that：In nowel (10) The length of chamber is more than the length of top box (4) inner cavity.

2. a kind of rubble railway ballast direct shear test instrument as described in claim 1, it is characterised in that：The upper surface of frame body (1) On be provided with guide rail (7), nowel (10) is mounted on by guide rail (7) in frame body (1), and the side of nowel (10) is connected with drawing Moving part (11).

3. a kind of rubble railway ballast direct shear test instrument as claimed in claim 2, it is characterised in that：Guide rail (7) uses linear bearing.

4. a kind of rubble railway ballast direct shear test instrument as claimed in claim 2, it is characterised in that：Drawing article (11) includes pull rod The force side (11-1) of (11-2), pull rod one end (11-2) and nowel (10) are hinged, pull rod (11-2) other end be hinged with outside The connecting plate (11-3) of portion's driving device connection.

5. a kind of rubble railway ballast direct shear test instrument as described in any one of claim 1-4, it is characterised in that：Frame body (1) limit crossbeam (2) is connected on upper surface, top box (4) is connect with limit crossbeam (2).

6. a kind of rubble railway ballast direct shear test instrument as claimed in claim 5, it is characterised in that：Height is connected on top box (4) The bottom of adjusting nut (5), height adjusting nut (5) is supported on limit crossbeam (2).

7. a kind of rubble railway ballast direct shear test instrument as described in claim 1, it is characterised in that：The lower part of top box (4) is connected with Grid clamping device (6) is provided with TGXG (12), TGXG at the gap between top box (4) and nowel (10) (12) connecting pin is fixed on by grid clamping device (6) on top box (4).

8. a kind of rubble railway ballast direct shear test instrument as claimed in claim 7, it is characterised in that：Grid clamping device (6) includes U Type basic framework (61) offers limit hole (63) in the connecting rod at U-shaped basic framework (61) both ends, is put in limit hole (63) It is equipped with position-limitting pin (62), the connecting rod upper layer of U-shaped basic framework (61) is nestable to be equipped at least three layers of grip block (64), grip block (64) can be moved in the length direction of U-shaped basic framework (61) upper edge connecting rod, close to top box (4) side grip block (64) by Position-limitting pin (62) is limited.

9. a kind of rubble railway ballast direct shear test instrument as claimed in claim 8, it is characterised in that：Grip block (64) is three layers, soil The connecting pin of work grid (12) sequentially passes through the grip block (64) of the cross bar and separate top box (4) side of U-shaped basic framework (61) Between gap, close to top box (4) side grip block (64) and the grip block (64) in centre position between gap after be caught in In gap between grip block (64) and the grip block (64) in centre position far from top box (4) side.

10. a kind of rubble railway ballast direct shear test instrument as described in claim 1, it is characterised in that：It is set on the side of nowel (10) It is equipped with Dump gate (9), is corresponded on the side of nowel (10) and is connected with blowpit (8) at the position of Dump gate (9).