CN207651636U - 一种汽车动力电池包热管理系统及汽车 - Google Patents
一种汽车动力电池包热管理系统及汽车 Download PDFInfo
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- CN207651636U CN207651636U CN201820012022.3U CN201820012022U CN207651636U CN 207651636 U CN207651636 U CN 207651636U CN 201820012022 U CN201820012022 U CN 201820012022U CN 207651636 U CN207651636 U CN 207651636U
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- 238000010112 shell-mould casting Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 abstract description 11
- 239000004519 grease Substances 0.000 description 8
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 8
- 229920001296 polysiloxane Polymers 0.000 description 8
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon Chemical compound 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- 239000002826 coolant Substances 0.000 description 7
- 229920002379 silicone rubber Polymers 0.000 description 6
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 5
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O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229960001866 silicon dioxide Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000010792 warming Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910001884 aluminium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N copper Chemical compound 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[Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005755 formation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006011 modification reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002277 temperature effect Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
Abstract
本实用新型公开了一种汽车动力电池包热管理系统及汽车，包括壳体、水管、水泵和散热器，壳体内设有电池模组、半导体制冷片和水冷板管路，半导体制冷片一端与电池模组连接，另一端与水冷板管路连接，水冷板管路通过水管与水泵连接，散热器包括散热壳，散热壳上设有进水口和出水口，水管两端分别与进水口和出水口连接，散热壳内开设有贯通的流道，流道两端分别与进水口和出水口连接；采用水冷的方式，相比于自然风冷和主动风冷，冷却的效果有了极大的提升，且通过水管将水冷板管路内的水引出高温机体外，水通过散热器进行散热，散热后的水重新进入水冷板管路内，实现循环，散热器的设置使得水冷板管路内的水温得到快速的降低。
Description
一种汽车动力电池包热管理系统及汽车
技术领域
[0001] 本实用新型涉及汽车技术领域，特别涉及一种汽车动力电池包热管理系统及汽 车。
背景技术
[0002] 随着新能源纯电动汽车发展，动力电池已经广泛应用在新能源汽车中，续航里程、 快充技术、循环使用寿命以及安全等性能对动力电池包的热管理系统有更高的要求，目前 乘用车的动力电芯都是采用高能量密度的三元材料，随着能量密度的升高，其热失控风险 也在增大，需要热管理系统控制动力电池在适宜的温度内工作。
[0003] 在新能源汽车动力电池包热管理冷却技术主要有自然冷却、风冷、液冷、半导体制 冷，其中采用半导体热管理技术同时具有制冷加热功能，且不受环境温度影响、效率高、无 复杂的制冷或制热系统，现有专利CN104916879A和CN205028983U中采用半导体制冷相关技 术。
[0004] CN104916879A专利技术中主要原理：装置中半导体制冷装置位于电池包顶部，散 热器固定在电池箱内，半导体制冷片热端伸入散热器内风道，风道内设有风扇，当半导体制 冷时通过冷端给电池包降温，热端通过风道由风扇进行散热。
[0005] CN205028983U专利技术中主要原理:装置中半导体制冷片一端与电池包壳体接触 用于电池包导热，另外一端与散热翅片接触用于散热，电池包内部填充冷却液，通过温感判 断电池需要降温或加热时，半导体开始制冷或者制热将冷量或者热量通过壳体传导给电池 冷却液从而控制电池温度，其中散热翅片是通过自然冷却进行散热。
[0006]然而在实际运用过程中，发明人发现无论是自然冷却还是主动风冷，冷却的效率 都较低，而且容易受到环境温度影响，汽车在行驶的过程中会产生大量的热，从而使得机体 内的环境温度较高，上述的两种现有方案均无法将电池包冷却到环境温度以下。
[0007] 此外，CN205028983U专利技术中的冷却液是在电池包内部安装管路，当发生故障 时，则会产生较大的安全隐患，而且冷却液质量会降低整个电池包系统的能量密度，不利于 轻量化。 实用新型内容
[0008]为此，需要提供一种汽车动力电池包热管理系统及汽车，旨在解决目前汽车动力 电池包冷却效果差，安全性低问题。
[0009]为实现上述目的，发明人提供了一种汽车动力电池包热管理系统，包括壳体、水 管、水泵和散热器，所述壳体内设有电池模组、半导体制冷片和水冷板管路，所述半导体制 冷片一端与电池模组连接，另一端与水冷板管路连接，所述水冷板管路通过水管与水泵连 接，所述散热器包括散热壳，所述散热壳上设有进水口和出水口，所述水管两端分别与进水 口和出水口连接，所述散热壳内开设有贯通的流道，所述流道两端分别与进水口和出水口 连接。
[0010]区别于现有技术，上述技术方案采用水冷的方式，相比于自然风冷和主动风冷，冷 却的效果有了极大的提升，并且通过水管将水冷板管路内的水引出高温机体外，并通过水 泵带动水循环，水从散热器的进水口进入，通过流道，再从出水口排出，当水在通过流道的 过程中，热量被散热器吸收，再通过散热壳散发，这样从出水口排出的水即是被降温过的 水，降温过的水重新进入水冷板管路内，实现水循环，散热器的设置可以使得水冷板管路内 的水温得到快速的降低，此外，本结构未在电池包内部设置冷却液管路，从而可以有效的提 高安全性和可靠性。
[0011] 作为本实用新型的一种优选结构，所述壳体内设有隔板，所述电池模组和半导体 制冷片分别设于隔板两侧，所述电池模组的其中一面与隔板贴合，所述半导体制冷片一端 与隔板连接，另一端与水冷板管路连接。
[0012]作为本实用新型的一种优选结构，所述电池模组与隔板之间设有导热硅，所述半 导体制冷片与隔板之间和半导体制冷片与水冷板管路之间均设有导热硅。
[0013]作为本实用新型的一种优选结构，所述散热壳外围设有至少一个散热片。
[0014]作为本实用新型的一种优选结构，所述半导体制冷片外围还设有隔热泡棉，所述 隔热泡棉用于对半导体制冷片冷端和热端之间隔热。
[0015]作为本实用新型的一种优选结构，所述动力电池包热管理系统还包括散热风扇， 所述散热风扇设于散热器一侧。
[0016]作为本实用新型的一种优选结构，所述动力电池包热管理系统还包括三通阀，所 述三通阀其中两端与水管的两端连接，第三端外接水源。
[0017]作为本实用新型的一种优选结构，所述动力电池包热管理系统还包括三通阀和加 注水壶，所述三通阀其中两端与水管的两端连接，第三端与加注水壶连接。
[0018]作为本实用新型的一种优选结构，所述隔板与壳体为一体成型。
[0019]发明人还提供了一种汽车，包括两个以上的电池模组以及上述技术方案中任意一 项所述的动力电池包热管理系统，所述电池模组包括两个以上的电池单体，所述动力^池 包热管理系统分别与各电池单体相连接。
附图说明
[0020]图1为具体实施方式所述汽车动力电池包热管理系统结构示意图；
[0021]图2为具体实施方式所述汽车动力电池包热管理系统水循环结构图；
[0022]图3为具体实施方式所述汽车动力电池包热管理系统散热器结构示意图.
[0023]附图标记说明： ’
[0024] 1、壳体； 2、电池模组；3、隔板； 4、导热硅胶垫；
[0025] 5、半导体制冷片；6、隔热泡棉；7、水冷板管路；8、水管；
[0026] 9、水栗； 10、三通阀； 11、加注水壶；12、散热器；
[0027] 13、散热风扇；14、散热壳； 15、散热片； 16、进水口；
[0028] 17、出水口； 18、流道。 ’
具体实施方式
[0029]为详细说明技术方案的技术内容、构造特征、所实现目的及效果，以下结合具体实 施例并配合附图详予说明。
[0030]请参阅图1、图2和图3,如图所示：本实施例提供了一种汽车动力电池包热管理系 统，包括壳体1、水管8、水泵9和散热器12,所述壳体内设有电池模组2、半导体制冷片5和水 冷板管路7,所述半导体制冷片一端与电池模组连接，另一端与水冷板管路连接，所述水冷 板管路通过水管8与水泵9连接，所述散热器包括散热壳14,所述散热壳上设有进水口 16和 出水口 17，所述水管两端分别与进水口和出水口连接，所述散热壳内开设有贯通的流道18， 所述流道两端分别与进水口和出水口连接。
[0031]在上述结构中，电池模组是指由多个电池通过串联或并联组合而成，一个或多个 电池模组设于某一壳体内形成电池包;半导体制冷片的工作原理是一个热传递的工具，当 一块N型半导体材料和一块P型半导体材料联结成的热电偶对中有电流通过时，两端之间就 会产生热量转移，热量就会从一端转移到另一端，从而产生温差形成冷热端，但是半导体自 身存在电阻当电流经过半导体时就会产生热量，从而会影响热传递，而且两个极板之间的 热量也会通过空气和半导体材料自身进行逆向热传递，当冷热端达到一定温差，这两种热 传递的量相等时，就会达到一个平衡点，正逆向热传递相互抵消。此时冷热端的温度就不会 继续发生变化，为了达到更低的温度，可以采取散热等方式降低热端的温度来实现;半导体 制冷片是通过电流转化能量的元件，可以通过改变电流的大小来精确控制温度，精度可达 到±0.rc;同时还可以将温度降到低于环境温度6(TC;半导体制冷片在工作时没有噪音且 可靠性高，使用寿命可超过20万小时。
[0032] 在上述实施例中，所述半导体制冷片的两端是采用具有良好的导热性能和绝缘性 能的导热陶瓷片，所述导热陶瓷片优选为氧化铝导热陶瓷片;对半导体制冷片降温采用的 是水冷的方式，相比于自然风冷和主动风冷，冷却的效果有了极大的提升，并且通过水管将 水冷板管路内的水引出高温机体外，并通过水栗带动水循环，水从散热器的进水口进入，通 过流道，再从出水口排出，当水在通过流道的过程中，热量被散热器吸收，再通过散热壳散 发，这样从出水口排出的水即是被降温过的水，降温过的水重新进入水冷板管路内，实现水 循环，散热器的设置可以使得水冷板管路内的水温得到快速的降低;此外，在本实施例中， 未在电池包内部设置冷却液管路，因此，无安全隐患；本技术方案达到了冷却速度快、冷却 效果好以及安全性高的特点;在本实施例中，所述水管优选为金属管中的铜管;在不同的实 施例中，通过改变通入半导体制冷片直流电流方向可以实现制冷和加热的效果，从而可以 代替两个独立的制冷系统和加热系统。
[0033] 在上述实施例中，所述壳体内可以设置多组电池模组2,当有多组电池模组时，每 个电池模组可以分别设有独立的半导体制冷片，通过温度监控可以将电芯之间温差控制在 很小的范围内保证电池循环使用寿命;还可以实现分区控温解决电池包模组局部温度过高 问题。
[0034] 如图1所述，所述壳体内设有隔板3,所述电池模组2和半导体制冷片5分别设于隔 板3两侧，所述电池模组的其中一面与隔板贴合，所述半导体制冷片一端与隔板连接，另一 端与水冷板管路连接;在本实施例中，通过隔板将电池模组和半导体制冷片隔开，从而可以 使得本方案的安全性和可靠性得到进一步的提高;在本实施例中，所述电池模组与隔板之 间设有导热硅，所述导热硅可以为固态形状的导热硅胶垫，还可以为乳状的导热硅脂，在本 实施例中，电池模组与隔板之间设置的导热硅优选为导热硅胶垫4,导热硅胶垫具有良好的 导热性能，同时还5备支撑减震的效果，可避免使用冷却液导热的漏液和短路风险。
[0035]如图1所不，所述半导体制冷片与隔板之间和半导体制冷片与水冷板管路之间均 设有导热娃。所述半导体制冷片外围还设有隔热泡棉6,所述隔热泡棉用于对半导体制冷片 冷端和热端之间隔热。在本实施例中，所述半导体制冷片与隔板之间和半导体制冷片与水 冷板管路之间均设置的导热硅可以为固态形状的导热硅胶垫，还可以为乳状的导热硅脂， 在本实施例中，所述半导体制冷片与隔板之间和半导体制冷片与水冷板管路之间均设置的 导热硅优选为导热硅脂，在具体实施过程中，是将导热硅脂均匀的涂抹在隔板和水冷板管 路的表面，或者将导热硅脂均匀的涂抹在半导体制冷片的两端。
[0036]在某些实施例中，所述隔板与壳体为一体成型;通过隔板将壳体分为两个腔室，将 电池模组和半导体制冷片分别设于两个腔室内，电池模组其中最大的一个表面或底面直接 或通过导热硅胶垫与隔板接触，半导体制冷片的一端直接或通过导热硅脂与隔板连接，半 导体制冷片的另一端直接或通过导热硅脂与水冷板管路连接，在不同的实施例中，所述设 有电池模组的隔板与壳体形成的这一腔室内还可以填充导热材料，例如：导热娃胶颗粒，导 热硅胶垫，导热硅脂等，这样可以使得电池模组外围均被导热材料包围，从而可以将电池模 组的所有热量传输至半导体制冷片，这样有效的提高了冷却效果和冷却速度。
[0037]如图2所示，在本实施例中，所述动力电池包热管理系统还包括散热风扇13，所述 散热风扇设于散热器一侧。还包括三通阀10,所述三通阀其中两端与水管的两端连接，第三 端外接水源。在本实施例中，所述外接水源为加注水壶11，所述三通阀其中两端与水管的两 端连接，第三端与加注水壶连接。在本实施例中，散热器给水管内的热水进行散热，散热风 扇通过风冷的方式进一步的给散热器散热，将散热器的热量带走，从而有效的提高散热效 率;在具体实施过程中，半导体制冷片制冷制热响应很快，热端需要高效率水冷系统对半导 体制冷片热端进行散热，散热过程中可根据需求开散热风扇，在行驶过程中可利用迎风进 行散热，可减少散热风扇带来的振动噪音;从而可以实现保证热端散热需求的同时有着更 低的能量消耗。此外通过三通阀的方式，给水管补充冷水或换水;还通过设置加注水壶的方 式，来实现便于加水，无需外接水源的效果。
[0038]如图3所示，在本实施例中，所述散热壳外围设有若千散热片15;散热片的设置可 以增大散热面积，从而加快散热器的散热效率。
[0039]本实施例还提供了一种汽车，包括两个以上的电池模组以及上述技术方案中任意 一项所述的动力电池包热管理系统，所述电池模组包括两个以上的电池单体，所述动力电 池包热管理系统分别与各电池单体相连接。
[0040]需要说明的是，尽管在本文中己经对上述各实施例进行了描述，但并非因此限制 本实用新型的专利保护范围。因此，基于本实用新型的创新理念，对本文所述实施例进行的 变更和修改，或利用本实用新型说明书及附图内容所作的等效结构或等效流程变换，直接 或间接地将以上技术方案运用在其他相关的技术领域，均包括在本实用新型的专利保护范 围之内。
Claims (10)
1.一种汽车动力电池包热管理系统，其特征在于:包括壳体、水管、水泵和散热器，所述 壳体内设有电池模组、半导体制冷片和水冷板管路，所述半导体制冷片一端与电池模组连 接，另一端与水冷板管路连接，所述水冷板管路通过水管与水泵连接，所述散热器包括散热 壳，所述散热壳上设有进水口和出水口，所述水管两端分别与进水口和出水口连接，所述散 热壳内开设有贯通的流道，所述流道两端分别与进水口和出水口连接。
2.根据权利要求1所述的动力电池包热管理系统，其特征在于:所述壳体内设有隔板， 所述电池模组和半导体制冷片分别设于隔板两侧，所述电池模组的其中一面与隔板贴合， 所述半导体制冷片一端与隔板连接，另一端与水冷板管路连接。
3. 根据权利要求2所述的动力电池包热管理系统，其特征在于:所述电池模组与隔板之 间设有导热硅，所述半导体制冷片与隔板之间和半导体制冷片与水冷板管路之间均设有导 热硅。
4. 根据权利要求1所述的动力电池包热管理系统，其特征在于:所述散热壳外围设有至 少一个散热片。
5. 根据权利要求1所述的动力电池包热管理系统，其特征在于:所述半导体制冷片外围 还设有隔热泡棉，所述隔热泡棉用于对半导体制冷片冷端和热端之间隔热。
6. 根据权利要求1所述的动力电池包热管理系统，其特征在于:所述动力电池包热管理 系统还包括散热风扇，所述散热风扇设于散热器一侧。
7.根据权利要求1所述的动力电池包热管理系统，其特征在于:所述动力电池包热管理 系统还包括三通阀，所述三通阀其中两端与水管的两端连接，第三端外接水源。
8.根据权利要求1所述的动力电池包热管理系统，其特征在于:所述动力电池包热管理 系统还包括三通阀和加注水壶，所述三通阀其中两端与水管的两端连接，第三端与加注水 壶连接。
9.根据权利要求2所述的动力电池包热管理系统，其特征在于:所述隔板与壳体为一体 成型。
10.—种汽车，其特征在于:包括两个以上的电池模组以及上述权利要求1-9中任意一 项所述的动力电池包热管理系统，所述电池模组包括两个以上的电池单体，所述动力电池 包热管理系统分别与各电池单体相连接。
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| CN109004317A (zh) * | 2018-08-31 | 2018-12-14 | 郑州正方科技有限公司 | 锂电池控温系统 |
| CN109473750A (zh) * | 2018-11-09 | 2019-03-15 | 上海应用技术大学 | 新能源汽车电池散热结构 |
| CN109524741A (zh) * | 2018-10-08 | 2019-03-26 | 江苏大学 | 一种结合制冷片的液冷板、动力电池散热液冷系统及控制方法 |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN109004317A (zh) * | 2018-08-31 | 2018-12-14 | 郑州正方科技有限公司 | 锂电池控温系统 |
| CN109524741A (zh) * | 2018-10-08 | 2019-03-26 | 江苏大学 | 一种结合制冷片的液冷板、动力电池散热液冷系统及控制方法 |
| CN109473750A (zh) * | 2018-11-09 | 2019-03-15 | 上海应用技术大学 | 新能源汽车电池散热结构 |
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