CN207638541U - High-efficient axial magnetic flow permanent magnet eddy-current coupling with slit slot structure - Google Patents
High-efficient axial magnetic flow permanent magnet eddy-current coupling with slit slot structure Download PDFInfo
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- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 76
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 61
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Abstract
Description
技术领域technical field
本实用新型涉及联轴器，尤其涉及一种带狭缝槽结构的高效轴向磁通永磁涡流联轴器。The utility model relates to a shaft coupling, in particular to a high-efficiency axial magnetic flux permanent magnet eddy current coupling with a slit groove structure.
背景技术Background technique
永磁涡流联轴器具有不产生电磁谐波、减振效果好、总成本低、维护费用低、使用寿命长等优点，在诸多工业领域具有广泛的应用前景。永磁涡流联轴器将永磁转子安装在负载轴上，将导体转子与电机轴连接。导体转子随电动机旋转时，由于导体转子与永磁转子产生相对运动，从而生成涡流并产生切向电磁力即扭力，扭力由电机侧通过气隙传递给负载端，而改变永磁转子和导体转子之间的距离即气隙的大小可以改变磁场的强度，可以实现对负载的无级调速，而涡流损耗是永磁涡流联轴器的主要损耗。The permanent magnet eddy current coupling has the advantages of no electromagnetic harmonics, good vibration reduction effect, low total cost, low maintenance cost, long service life, etc., and has broad application prospects in many industrial fields. The permanent magnet eddy current coupling installs the permanent magnet rotor on the load shaft and connects the conductor rotor with the motor shaft. When the conductor rotor rotates with the motor, due to the relative motion between the conductor rotor and the permanent magnet rotor, an eddy current is generated and a tangential electromagnetic force, namely torsion, is generated. The torque is transmitted from the motor side to the load end through the air gap, thereby changing the permanent magnet rotor and the conductor rotor. The distance between them, that is, the size of the air gap, can change the strength of the magnetic field and realize stepless speed regulation of the load, and the eddy current loss is the main loss of the permanent magnet eddy current coupling.
对于永磁涡流联轴器而言，电磁转矩是个很关键的技术指标，电磁转矩-转差率/速度关系则是衡量永磁涡流联轴器稳态性能的重要依据。给定转差率/速度条件下的电磁转矩越大，意味着给定负载转矩条件下的涡流损耗和转差率越小，因此永磁涡流联轴器的高转矩密度指标等同于高运行效率。For permanent magnet eddy current couplings, electromagnetic torque is a key technical indicator, and the relationship between electromagnetic torque-slip/speed is an important basis for measuring the steady-state performance of permanent magnet eddy current couplings. The greater the electromagnetic torque under the given slip/speed condition, the smaller the eddy current loss and slip under the given load torque condition, so the high torque density index of the permanent magnet eddy current coupling is equivalent to High operating efficiency.
目前，已实现市场化的轴向磁通永磁涡流传动/制动装置采用的导体盘均为无槽结构的环状盘，这种结构方案的弊端在于导体区磁密不高，因此转矩密度相对较低。At present, the conductor discs used in the axial flux permanent magnet eddy current transmission/braking devices that have been marketed are all annular discs with a slotless structure. The disadvantage of this structural scheme is that the magnetic density in the conductor area is not high, so the torque The density is relatively low.
另外在借鉴传统电机铁心开槽结构及齿槽比经验值(0.5左右)基础上，现有技术中存在一种技术方案，其导体盘采用辐条状开槽结构，并指出导体盘槽内用实心钢作为填充材料。但是，实际运行时槽内填充材料中也将产生涡流，且这部分涡流对电磁转矩毫无贡献，却增加了涡流损耗。此外尽管此结构提高了导体区的磁密幅值，但由于对电磁转矩有贡献的有效导体涡流区大大缩小，导致该结构方案仅在高转差率/速度条件下转矩密度高于传统结构。由于永磁涡流联轴器通常工作于低转差速度情况下，因此限制了这种技术方案的实际应用。In addition, on the basis of referring to the slotting structure of the traditional motor core and the empirical value of the cogging ratio (about 0.5), there is a technical solution in the prior art. Steel is used as filler material. However, eddy currents will also be generated in the slot filling material during actual operation, and this part of the eddy currents has no contribution to the electromagnetic torque, but increases the eddy current loss. In addition, although this structure improves the magnetic density amplitude of the conductor area, because the effective conductor eddy current area that contributes to the electromagnetic torque is greatly reduced, the torque density of this structural scheme is only higher than the traditional one under high slip/speed conditions. structure. Since permanent magnet eddy current couplings usually work at low slip speeds, the practical application of this technical solution is limited.
另一方面，目前永磁涡流联轴器尤其是大功率设备正面临着损耗大、温升快和散热困难的技术难题，迫切需要从源头着手以缓解这些困境，因此在满足给定转矩指标要求前提下减少涡流损耗，对于永磁涡流传动/制动技术的发展和应用极为重要。On the other hand, at present, permanent magnet eddy current couplings, especially high-power equipment, are facing the technical problems of large loss, rapid temperature rise and difficult heat dissipation. It is urgent to solve these difficulties from the source. Therefore, when meeting the given torque index It is extremely important for the development and application of permanent magnet eddy current transmission/braking technology to reduce eddy current loss under the premise of requirements.
实用新型内容Utility model content
实用新型目的：本实用新型的目的是提供一种在任意转差速度条件下可减少涡流损耗、提高设备效率的狭缝槽结构导体盘轴向磁通永磁涡流联轴器。Purpose of the utility model: The purpose of the utility model is to provide a permanent magnetic eddy current coupling with a slit groove structure conductor disk axial flux permanent magnet that can reduce eddy current loss and improve equipment efficiency under any slip speed condition.
技术方案：为实现以上目的，本实用新型公开了一种带狭缝槽结构的高效轴向磁通永磁涡流联轴器，包括同一中心轴线设置的与动力源相连的导体转子和与负载相连的永磁转子，该永磁转子与导体转子之间相隔有空气隙；所述导体转子包括同一中心轴线设置的导体背铁盘和靠近永磁转子的复合结构导体盘，该复合结构导体盘包括一体结构的导体盘本体，该导体盘本体上周向均匀开设有狭缝槽、每一狭缝槽内填充有铁磁楔子；所述永磁转子包括永磁体背铁盘和设于该永磁背铁盘上的永磁体阵列。Technical solution: In order to achieve the above purpose, the utility model discloses a high-efficiency axial flux permanent magnet eddy current coupling with a slit groove structure, which includes a conductor rotor connected to the power source and a load connected to the same central axis. There is an air gap between the permanent magnet rotor and the conductor rotor; the conductor rotor includes a conductor back iron disk arranged on the same central axis and a composite structure conductor disk close to the permanent magnet rotor, and the composite structure conductor disk includes Conductor disc body with integrated structure, the conductor disc body is evenly opened with slits in the circumferential direction, and ferromagnetic wedges are filled in each slit; the permanent magnet rotor includes a permanent magnet back iron disc and a permanent magnet An array of permanent magnets on a back iron disk.
其中，所述狭缝槽为沿径向方向开槽的贯穿直槽，所述狭缝槽的槽形为扇形、梯形或矩形中的一种或几种。Wherein, the slit groove is a through straight groove slotted along the radial direction, and the groove shape of the slit groove is one or more of sector, trapezoid or rectangle.
优选的，所述导体盘本体上的狭缝槽与相邻导条的平均宽度比值为0.01～0.2。Preferably, the average width ratio of the slits on the conductor disc body to the adjacent guide bars is 0.01-0.2.
进一步，所述导体盘本体上的狭缝槽与相邻导条的平均宽度比值为0.02～0.1。Further, the ratio of the average width of the slits on the conductor disc body to the adjacent guide bars is 0.02-0.1.
优选的，所述铁磁楔子是由高导磁率硅钢片铁心或涂有绝缘层的高导磁率实心电工纯铁制成，该铁磁楔子的轴向厚度与导体盘本体的轴向厚度相同。Preferably, the ferromagnetic wedge is made of a high-permeability silicon steel sheet core or high-permeability solid electrical pure iron coated with an insulating layer, and the axial thickness of the ferromagnetic wedge is the same as that of the conductor disk body.
进一步，所述永磁体阵列由若干个同心均布的呈偶数个磁极的永磁体构成，该永磁体阵列采用N、S极交替分布磁极阵列或海尔贝克永磁阵列。Further, the permanent magnet array is composed of several concentric and uniform permanent magnets with an even number of magnetic poles, and the permanent magnet array adopts N and S poles alternately distributed magnetic pole array or Halbach permanent magnet array.
再者，所述导体盘本体由高电导率的纯铜材料制成。Furthermore, the conductor plate body is made of high-conductivity pure copper material.
优选的，所述导体背铁盘和永磁体背铁盘是由高强度、高导磁率的电工纯铁材料制成。Preferably, the conductor back iron plate and the permanent magnet back iron plate are made of electrical pure iron material with high strength and high magnetic permeability.
有益效果：与现有技术相比，本实用新型具有以下优点：首先本实用新型采用开设有狭缝槽的导体盘本体，并在槽内填充硅钢片铁心或实心电工纯铁，铁磁楔子中的涡流可以忽略不计，从而既提高了导体区的磁密幅值，又最大限度保留了对电磁转矩有贡献有效导体涡流区域；以实现在任意转差率/速度条件下，本实用新型的电磁转矩密度远高于现有的永磁涡流装置；其次本实用新型在相同转矩指标条件下，本实用新型的永磁涡流联轴器涡流损耗、所对应的转差率/速度均远低于现有技术中的永磁涡流装置，从而能够全面提高永磁涡流联轴器的运行效率。Beneficial effects: Compared with the prior art, the utility model has the following advantages: firstly, the utility model adopts a conductor disk body with a slit groove, and fills the silicon steel sheet iron core or solid electrical pure iron in the groove, and the ferromagnetic wedge The eddy current can be neglected, thereby not only improving the magnetic density amplitude of the conductor area, but also retaining the effective conductor eddy current area that contributes to the electromagnetic torque; in order to realize the utility model under any slip/speed condition The electromagnetic torque density is much higher than the existing permanent magnet eddy current device; secondly, under the same torque index condition of the utility model, the permanent magnet eddy current coupling eddy current loss and the corresponding slip/speed of the utility model are much lower It is lower than the permanent magnet eddy current device in the prior art, so that the operating efficiency of the permanent magnet eddy current coupling can be comprehensively improved.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1为本实用新型的结构示意图；Fig. 1 is the structural representation of the utility model;
图2为本实用新型的爆炸示意图；Fig. 2 is the explosion schematic diagram of the utility model;
图3为本实用新型中导体盘本体的结构示意图；Fig. 3 is a structural schematic diagram of the conductor disk body in the utility model;
图4为本实用新型中铁磁楔子的分布示意图；Fig. 4 is the distribution schematic diagram of ferromagnetic wedge in the utility model;
图5为本实用新型中不同槽宽与导条宽比值下的转矩特性对比示意图；Fig. 5 is a comparative schematic diagram of torque characteristics under different groove width and bar width ratios in the utility model;
图6为本实用新型与现有装置转矩特性对比示意图。Fig. 6 is a schematic diagram of comparing torque characteristics between the utility model and the existing device.
具体实施方式Detailed ways
下面结合附图对本实用新型的技术方案作进一步说明。Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, the technical scheme of the utility model is further described.
如图1所示，本实用新型的带狭缝槽结构的高效轴向磁通永磁涡流联轴器，包括同一中心轴线设置的导体转子1和永磁转子2，导体转子1与动力源即电机轴连接，永磁转子2安装在负载轴上，该永磁转子2与导体转子1之间相隔有空气隙。导体转子1随着电动机旋转时，由于导体转子1与永磁转子2产生相对运动，从而在导体盘中生成涡流并产生切向电磁力即扭力，扭力由电机侧通过气隙传递给负载端，而改变永磁转子2和导体转子1之间气隙大小可以改变磁场的强度，可以实现对负载的无级调速。As shown in Figure 1, the high-efficiency axial flux permanent magnet eddy current coupling with a slit groove structure of the present invention includes a conductor rotor 1 and a permanent magnet rotor 2 arranged on the same central axis, and the conductor rotor 1 and the power source are The motor shaft is connected, the permanent magnet rotor 2 is installed on the load shaft, and there is an air gap between the permanent magnet rotor 2 and the conductor rotor 1 . When the conductor rotor 1 rotates with the motor, due to the relative motion between the conductor rotor 1 and the permanent magnet rotor 2, an eddy current is generated in the conductor disk and a tangential electromagnetic force, namely torque, is transmitted from the motor side to the load end through the air gap. Changing the size of the air gap between the permanent magnet rotor 2 and the conductor rotor 1 can change the strength of the magnetic field, and realize stepless speed regulation of the load.
如图2所示，本实用新型中的导体转子1包括同一中心轴线设置的导体背铁盘101和靠近永磁转子2的复合结构导体盘102。该复合结构导体盘102包括一体结构的导体盘本体104，该导体盘本体104上周向均匀开设有狭缝槽105、每一狭缝槽105内填充有铁磁楔子103。其中狭缝槽105为沿径向方向开槽的贯穿直槽，狭缝槽105的槽形为扇形、梯形或矩形中的一种或几种。如图3所示，导体盘本体104上的狭缝槽105与相邻导条106的平均宽度比值为0.01～0.2，优选的平均宽度比值为0.02～0.1。如图4所示，铁磁楔子103是由高导磁率硅钢片铁心或涂有绝缘层的高导磁率实心电工纯铁制成，该铁磁楔子103的轴向厚度与导体盘本体104的轴向厚度相同。导体盘本体104由高电导率的纯铜材料制成。As shown in FIG. 2 , the conductor rotor 1 in the present invention includes a conductor back iron disk 101 arranged on the same central axis and a composite structure conductor disk 102 close to the permanent magnet rotor 2 . The conductor disk 102 with composite structure includes a conductor disk body 104 with an integral structure. The conductor disk body 104 is uniformly provided with slits 105 in the circumferential direction, and each slit 105 is filled with ferromagnetic wedges 103 . The slit groove 105 is a through straight groove slotted along the radial direction, and the shape of the slit groove 105 is one or more of sector, trapezoid or rectangle. As shown in FIG. 3 , the average width ratio of the slit groove 105 on the conductor disk body 104 to the adjacent guide bar 106 is 0.01-0.2, and the preferred average width ratio is 0.02-0.1. As shown in Figure 4, the ferromagnetic wedge 103 is made of a high-permeability silicon steel sheet iron core or a high-permeability solid electrical pure iron coated with an insulating layer. to the same thickness. The conductor disc body 104 is made of pure copper material with high electrical conductivity.
永磁转子2包括永磁体背铁盘201和设于该永磁背铁盘201上的永磁体阵列202。其中永磁体阵列202由若干个同心均布的呈偶数个磁极的永磁体构成，永磁体阵列采用N、S极交替分布磁极阵列或海尔贝克永磁阵列(Halbach Array)，导体背铁盘101和永磁体背铁盘201是由高强度、高导磁率的电工纯铁材料制成。The permanent magnet rotor 2 includes a permanent magnet back iron plate 201 and a permanent magnet array 202 disposed on the permanent magnet back iron plate 201 . Wherein the permanent magnet array 202 is composed of several concentric and evenly distributed permanent magnets with an even number of magnetic poles, the permanent magnet array adopts N and S poles alternately distributed magnetic pole array or Halbach permanent magnet array (Halbach Array), the conductor back iron plate 101 and The permanent magnet back iron plate 201 is made of electrical pure iron material with high strength and high magnetic permeability.
本实用新型的带狭缝槽结构的高效轴向磁通永磁涡流联轴器工作原理：本实用新型永磁涡流联轴器工作时，由于分布有狭缝槽的导体盘本体上引入了铁磁楔子，减小了磁路磁阻，致使导体区域的磁密远高于传统结构永磁涡流装置的导体区域。同时，由于最大限度保留了对电磁转矩有贡献的有效导体涡流区域，电磁力和电磁转矩密度大大增加。另一方面，由于槽宽很小，铁磁楔子无论选用硅钢片还是实心铁心，工作时所产生涡流也非常微弱，可以忽略不计。高转矩密度决定了在给定负载转矩条件下的小转差率/速度，以及产生较少的涡流损耗，因此大大减少了永磁涡流联轴器发热量，提高了传动效率。The working principle of the high-efficiency axial flux permanent magnet eddy current coupling with slit groove structure of the utility model: when the permanent magnet eddy current coupling of the utility model is working, due to the introduction of iron into the conductor disk body distributed with slit grooves The magnetic wedge reduces the reluctance of the magnetic circuit, so that the magnetic density of the conductor area is much higher than that of the conductor area of the traditional permanent magnet eddy current device. At the same time, because the effective conductor eddy current region that contributes to the electromagnetic torque is reserved to the maximum extent, the electromagnetic force and the electromagnetic torque density are greatly increased. On the other hand, since the groove width is very small, no matter whether the ferromagnetic wedge is made of silicon steel sheet or solid iron core, the eddy current generated during operation is also very weak and can be ignored. The high torque density determines the small slip ratio/speed under the given load torque condition and produces less eddy current loss, thus greatly reducing the calorific value of the permanent magnet eddy current coupling and improving the transmission efficiency.
有效性实验分析Effectiveness Experimental Analysis
如图5所示，本实用新型进行了5组不同的狭缝槽105与相邻导条106平均宽度比值情况下的转矩特性对比分析，槽宽与导条宽比值分别为0.01、0.02、0.1、0.2、0.25，所分析的永磁涡流联轴器基本参数如表1所示。其中，永磁体阵列采用N、S极交替分布磁极阵列，永磁体材料为钕铁硼N35SH，形状为扇形。导体盘材料为T2铜，永磁盘及导体盘的背铁均为DT4电工纯铁。联轴器输入端即电动机转速恒为1500rpm。As shown in Figure 5, the utility model has carried out the comparative analysis of the torque characteristic under the condition of the average width ratio of 5 groups of different slit grooves 105 and adjacent guide bars 106, and the ratios of slot width and guide bar width are 0.01, 0.02, 0.1, 0.2, 0.25, the basic parameters of the analyzed permanent magnet eddy current coupling are shown in Table 1. Among them, the permanent magnet array adopts the magnetic pole array with N and S poles alternately distributed, the permanent magnet material is NdFeB N35SH, and the shape is fan-shaped. The material of the conductor disk is T2 copper, and the back iron of the permanent disk and the conductor disk is DT4 electrical pure iron. The input end of the coupling, that is, the motor speed is constant at 1500rpm.
表1轴向磁通永磁涡流联轴器参数Table 1 Axial flux permanent magnet eddy current coupling parameters
如图5所示，本实用新型在0.01～0.2范围内转矩特性较好，最大转矩数据偏差小于10％；在0.02～0.1范围内转矩特性趋于一致，且转矩特性最理想；在大于0.2时，在低速区的转矩明显低于比值范围0.01～0.2内转矩数据，例如，槽宽与导条宽比值为0.25时、转差速度为35rpm时所产生的转矩，比槽宽与导条宽比值为0.1情况下低14.7％；比值小于0.01，现有加工技术已很难实现，且由于此情况下铁磁楔子横截面面积锐减，磁阻增加，转矩也将下降。As shown in Figure 5, the utility model has better torque characteristics in the range of 0.01 to 0.2, and the maximum torque data deviation is less than 10%; the torque characteristics tend to be consistent in the range of 0.02 to 0.1, and the torque characteristics are the most ideal; When it is greater than 0.2, the torque in the low-speed area is obviously lower than the torque data in the ratio range of 0.01 to 0.2. For example, when the ratio of groove width to guide bar width is 0.25, the torque generated when the slip speed is 35rpm, the ratio When the ratio of groove width to guide bar width is 0.1, it is 14.7% lower; if the ratio is less than 0.01, the existing processing technology is difficult to realize, and in this case, the cross-sectional area of the ferromagnetic wedge decreases sharply, the reluctance increases, and the torque will also decrease. decline.
本实用新型还通过比较不同结构轴向磁通永磁涡流联轴器的转矩-转差速度关系、相同转矩指标所对应的涡流损耗，证明本实用新型的实际效果。The utility model also proves the practical effect of the utility model by comparing the torque-slip speed relationship of axial magnetic flux permanent magnet eddy current couplings with different structures, and the eddy current loss corresponding to the same torque index.
利用三维有限元方法，分别计算采用狭缝槽结构导体盘，其狭缝槽105与相邻导条106的平均宽度比值为0.1；普通开槽结构导体盘，其槽宽与相邻导条的平均宽度比值宽度为0.4；传统无槽结构导体盘的轴向磁通永磁涡流联轴器转矩特性，计算结果如图6所示。如图6所示，在任意转差速度条件下，本实用新型的狭缝槽结构导体盘轴向磁通永磁涡流联轴器所产生的电磁转矩远高于普通开槽结构导体盘和传统结构轴向磁通永磁涡流联轴器。Utilize the three-dimensional finite element method, calculate and adopt the conductor plate of slit groove structure respectively, the average width ratio of its slit groove 105 and adjacent guide bar 106 is 0.1; The average width ratio width is 0.4; the torque characteristics of the axial flux permanent magnet eddy current coupling of the traditional slotless structure conductor disc, the calculation results are shown in Figure 6. As shown in Figure 6, under any slip speed condition, the electromagnetic torque generated by the axial magnetic flux permanent magnet eddy current coupling of the slit groove structure conductor disk of the utility model is much higher than that of the ordinary groove structure conductor disk and Traditional structure axial flux permanent magnet eddy current coupling.
表2给出了在相同的转矩条件下，上述三种结构永磁涡流联轴器中的产生的涡流损耗、对应的转差率以及效率数据。如表2所示，本实用新型的狭缝槽结构导体盘轴向磁通永磁涡流联轴器中的涡流损耗远低于普通开槽结构导体盘和传统结构轴向磁通永磁涡流联轴器，运行效率大大提高。Table 2 shows the eddy current losses, corresponding slip ratios and efficiency data of the permanent magnet eddy current couplings with the above three structures under the same torque conditions. As shown in Table 2, the eddy current loss in the slit groove structure conductor disk axial flux permanent magnet eddy current coupling of the utility model is much lower than that of the ordinary slot structure conductor disk and the traditional structure axial flux permanent magnet eddy current coupling The shaft device greatly improves the operating efficiency.
表2涡流损耗、转差率和效率Table 2 Eddy current loss, slip and efficiency
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN110532633A (en) * | 2019-08-02 | 2019-12-03 | 大连理工大学 | A kind of permanent magnetic coupling heat analysis method based on equivalent thermal network |
| CN113035492A (en) * | 2021-04-26 | 2021-06-25 | 彼合彼方机器人(天津)有限公司 | High-performance permanent magnet adsorption device based on hakbach array distribution |
| CN113096912A (en) * | 2021-05-10 | 2021-07-09 | 彼合彼方机器人(天津)有限公司 | Permanent magnetic adsorption module based on halbach array distribution |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN110532633A (en) * | 2019-08-02 | 2019-12-03 | 大连理工大学 | A kind of permanent magnetic coupling heat analysis method based on equivalent thermal network |
| CN110532633B (en) * | 2019-08-02 | 2021-06-18 | 大连理工大学 | A thermal analysis method of permanent magnet coupler based on equivalent thermal network |
| CN113035492A (en) * | 2021-04-26 | 2021-06-25 | 彼合彼方机器人(天津)有限公司 | High-performance permanent magnet adsorption device based on hakbach array distribution |
| CN113096912A (en) * | 2021-05-10 | 2021-07-09 | 彼合彼方机器人(天津)有限公司 | Permanent magnetic adsorption module based on halbach array distribution |
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