CN206724124U - The more step bed temperature bubbling bed heat-exchanger rigs of staged - Google Patents
The more step bed temperature bubbling bed heat-exchanger rigs of staged Download PDFInfo
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- 230000005587 bubbling Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 48
- 239000002918 waste heat Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 35
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 claims description 43
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 38
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 238000005243 fluidization Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000002893 slag Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000009833 condensation Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000005494 condensation Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000000630 rising effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 abstract description 13
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 abstract description 9
- 230000002427 irreversible effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 4
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000003245 coal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000001174 ascending effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- FFBHFFJDDLITSX-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzyl N-[2-hydroxy-4-(3-oxomorpholin-4-yl)phenyl]carbamate Chemical compound OC1=C(NC(=O)OCC2=CC=CC=C2)C=CC(=C1)N1CCOCC1=O FFBHFFJDDLITSX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007812 deficiency Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000013618 particulate matter Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008016 vaporization Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009834 vaporization Methods 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
本实用新型公开了一种阶梯式多梯级床温鼓泡床换热装置，包括：物料料斗、过热器、蒸发器、省煤器、预热器以及位置从高至低依次排列的4个锅炉：第一锅炉、第二锅炉、第三锅炉和第四锅炉，所述过热器、蒸发器、省煤器和预热器分别依次安装在所述第一锅炉、第二锅炉、第三锅炉和第四锅炉内，本实用新型使余热传递过程的梯级程度在不增加动力消耗的前提下有了大幅度改善，传热过程冷热源不可逆损失大幅度降低，余热利用率可提高20％‑30％。风帽堵塞及磨损的概率大幅度降低，风帽事故率降低80％‑90％。颗粒离开冷却装置的温度降低至100℃左右，装置余热回收率提高10％‑20％。
The utility model discloses a stepped multi-step bed temperature bubbling bed heat exchange device, comprising: a material hopper, a superheater, an evaporator, an economizer, a preheater and four boilers arranged in sequence from high to low : the first boiler, the second boiler, the third boiler and the fourth boiler, the superheater, the evaporator, the economizer and the preheater are respectively installed in the first boiler, the second boiler, the third boiler and the In the fourth boiler, the utility model greatly improves the cascade degree of the waste heat transfer process without increasing power consumption, greatly reduces the irreversible loss of cold and heat sources in the heat transfer process, and increases the waste heat utilization rate by 20%-30% %. The probability of clogging and wear of the hood is greatly reduced, and the accident rate of the hood is reduced by 80%‑90%. The temperature of the particles leaving the cooling device is reduced to about 100°C, and the waste heat recovery rate of the device is increased by 10%-20%.
Description
技术领域technical field
本实用新型属于换热设备技术领域，具体来说涉及一种阶梯式多梯级床温鼓泡床换热装置。The utility model belongs to the technical field of heat exchange equipment, in particular to a stepped multi-step bed temperature bubbling bed heat exchange device.
背景技术Background technique
最近几年，工业领域一些高、中温颗粒物余热回收利用系统普遍采用双层流化床冷却方法，但现有双层流化床冷却方法在实际应用中存在余热回收效果不令人满意、回收指标远低于国际水平的问题。现有双层流化床冷却方法存在以下主要问题：双层流化床床温只能设定为两个恒定温度，余热锅炉各受热面传热过程冷、热源进出口温差的设置偏大，导致传热过程的不可逆损失加大，余热利用效率大幅度降低；双层流化床的低温床床温受到工质出口温度限制不可能太低，即双层流化床冷却装置无法将固体颗粒温度降到很低，余热回收不彻底，导致余热回收率较低；双层流化床冷却装置中，两个流化床串联，低温床流化介质带着大量颗粒进入高温床的风帽，容易导致高温床风帽堵塞及磨损。In recent years, some high- and medium-temperature particulate matter waste heat recovery and utilization systems in the industrial field generally adopt double-layer fluidized bed cooling methods, but the existing double-layer fluidized bed cooling methods have unsatisfactory waste heat recovery effects and recovery indicators far below the international level. The existing double-layer fluidized bed cooling method has the following main problems: the bed temperature of the double-layer fluidized bed can only be set at two constant temperatures, and the setting of the temperature difference between the inlet and outlet of the cold and heat sources in the heat transfer process of each heating surface of the waste heat boiler is too large. As a result, the irreversible loss in the heat transfer process is increased, and the efficiency of waste heat utilization is greatly reduced; the bed temperature of the low-temperature bed of the double-layer fluidized bed is limited by the outlet temperature of the working fluid and cannot be too low, that is, the cooling device of the double-layer fluidized bed cannot cool the solid particles The temperature drops to a very low level, and waste heat recovery is not complete, resulting in low waste heat recovery rate; in the double-layer fluidized bed cooling device, two fluidized beds are connected in series, and the fluidized medium of the low temperature bed enters the hood of the high temperature bed with a large number of particles, which is easy to Lead to blockage and wear of high temperature bed wind cap.
发明内容Contents of the invention
针对现有技术的不足，本实用新型的目的在于提供一种余热回收率高、高温床风帽安全性好的阶梯式多梯级床温鼓泡床换热装置。Aiming at the deficiencies of the prior art, the purpose of the utility model is to provide a stepped multi-step bed temperature bubbling bed heat exchange device with high recovery rate of waste heat and good safety of high temperature bed hood.
为此，本实用新型的技术方案如下：For this reason, the technical scheme of the utility model is as follows:
一种阶梯式多梯级床温鼓泡床换热装置，包括：位置从高至低依次排列的第一至第四锅炉以及物料料斗、过热器、蒸发器、省煤器和预热器，所述第一至第四锅炉均包括：密封的筒体以及固装在该筒体下端的鼓泡床风仓，在所述鼓泡床风仓的下端形成有进风口，在所述筒体的上端形成有出风口；在所述鼓泡床风仓与所述筒体之间间隔安装有多个风帽，以使从所述进风口进入鼓泡床风仓的气体在经过所述风帽后加速并使气体风向转变成由下至上，一过滤网的周边与所述筒体的内壁密封连接，用于过滤向出风口流动的气体中的固体颗粒；A stepped multi-step bed temperature bubbling bed heat exchange device, including: the first to fourth boilers, material hoppers, superheaters, evaporators, economizers and preheaters arranged in order from high to low, the The first to fourth boilers above all include: a sealed cylinder and a bubbling bed air chamber fixed at the lower end of the cylinder, an air inlet is formed at the lower end of the bubble bed air chamber, and an air inlet is formed at the lower end of the cylinder. An air outlet is formed at the upper end; a plurality of air caps are installed at intervals between the bubbling bed air chamber and the cylinder, so that the gas entering the bubbling bed air chamber from the air inlet is accelerated after passing through the air caps And the gas wind direction is changed from bottom to top, and the periphery of a filter screen is sealed and connected with the inner wall of the cylinder, which is used to filter the solid particles in the gas flowing to the air outlet;
所述过热器、蒸发器、省煤器和预热器分别依次安装在所述第一锅炉、第二锅炉、第三锅炉和第四锅炉内，所述预热器的排出口与所述省煤器的进入口通过第一管路相通，且在所述第一管路上安装有一除氧器和给水泵，以使经过所述预热器的水经过所述省煤器形成饱和水；所述省煤器的排出口与一汽包的进水管连通，所述汽包的下降管与所述蒸发器的进入口连通，所述蒸发器的排出口与所述汽包的上升管连通，所述汽包的蒸汽出口与所述过热器的进入口连通，以使从所述蒸汽出口排出的饱和蒸汽进入所述过热器形成过热水蒸气；所述过热器的排出口与汽轮机的进汽口连通，所述汽轮机的出汽口与凝汽器的蒸汽入口连通，所述凝汽器的凝结水出口与所述预热器的进入口通过管路连通，且在所述凝结水出口与所述预热器的进入口之间的管路上安装有凝结水泵；The superheater, evaporator, economizer and preheater are respectively installed in the first boiler, the second boiler, the third boiler and the fourth boiler in sequence, and the outlet of the preheater is connected with the economizer The inlet of the coal burner communicates through the first pipeline, and a deaerator and a feed water pump are installed on the first pipeline, so that the water passing through the preheater passes through the economizer to form saturated water; The discharge port of the economizer communicates with the inlet pipe of a steam drum, the downcomer of the steam drum communicates with the inlet of the evaporator, and the discharge port of the evaporator communicates with the ascending pipe of the steam drum, so The steam outlet of the steam drum is connected with the inlet of the superheater, so that the saturated steam discharged from the steam outlet enters the superheater to form superheated steam; the outlet of the superheater is connected with the steam inlet of the steam turbine The steam outlet of the steam turbine is connected with the steam inlet of the condenser, the condensed water outlet of the condenser is connected with the inlet of the preheater through a pipeline, and the condensed water outlet is connected with the A condensate pump is installed on the pipeline between the inlets of the preheater;
所述第二锅炉的进风口下安装有一第一鼓泡床流化风机，所述第二锅炉的出风口通过第二管路与所述第一锅炉的进风口连通，且在所述第二管路上安装有一第一除尘器，所述第一锅炉的出风口通过第三管路与第二余热锅炉连通，且在所述第三管路上安装有第二除尘器；所述第四锅炉的进风口下安装有一第二鼓泡床流化风机，所述第四锅炉的出风口通过第四管路与第三锅炉的进风口连通，且在所述第四管路上安装有第三除尘器；所述第三锅炉的出风口通过第五管路与第一余热锅炉连通，且在所述第五管路上安装有第四除尘器；A first bubbling bed fluidization fan is installed under the air inlet of the second boiler, and the air outlet of the second boiler communicates with the air inlet of the first boiler through a second pipeline, and in the second A first dust collector is installed on the pipeline, the air outlet of the first boiler communicates with the second waste heat boiler through a third pipeline, and a second dust collector is installed on the third pipeline; the fourth boiler A second bubbling bed fluidization fan is installed under the air inlet of the air inlet, the air outlet of the fourth boiler communicates with the air inlet of the third boiler through the fourth pipeline, and the third dust collector is installed on the fourth pipeline. device; the air outlet of the third boiler communicates with the first waste heat boiler through a fifth pipeline, and a fourth dust collector is installed on the fifth pipeline;
所述物料料斗与所述第一锅炉连通；所述第四锅炉的筒体下形成有冷渣口，所述冷渣口通过冷渣管路通向所述第四锅炉外；The material hopper communicates with the first boiler; a cold slag port is formed under the shell of the fourth boiler, and the cold slag port leads to the outside of the fourth boiler through a cold slag pipeline;
相邻所述第一锅炉、第二锅炉、第三锅炉和第四锅炉的筒体之间连通有溢流管，溢流管的一端与相邻锅炉中位置较高锅炉的筒体上部连通，另一端与相邻锅炉中位置较低锅炉的筒体下部连通，且所述溢流管的两端均位于相应锅炉内的过滤网的下方。An overflow pipe is connected between the shells of the adjacent first boiler, the second boiler, the third boiler and the fourth boiler, and one end of the overflow pipe is connected with the upper part of the shell of the higher boiler among the adjacent boilers, The other end communicates with the cylinder lower part of the lower boiler among the adjacent boilers, and both ends of the overflow pipe are located below the filter nets in the corresponding boilers.
在上述技术方案中，所述汽轮机与所述发电机连接。In the above technical solution, the steam turbine is connected to the generator.
在上述技术方案中，所述凝汽器与一冷却塔连接，以使通过该冷却塔将冷凝热排入大气。In the above technical solution, the condenser is connected with a cooling tower so that the heat of condensation is discharged into the atmosphere through the cooling tower.
在上述技术方案中，所述第一余热锅炉的压力P1为3.8MPa≤P1＜5.3MPa。In the above technical solution, the pressure P 1 of the first waste heat boiler is 3.8MPa≤P 1 <5.3MPa.
在上述技术方案中，所述第二余热锅炉的压力P2为9.8MPa≤P2＜13.7MPa。In the above technical solution, the pressure P 2 of the second waste heat boiler is 9.8MPa≤P 2 <13.7MPa.
在上述技术方案中，所述第一除尘器的灰尘出口与所述第二锅炉和第三锅炉之间的溢流管连通。In the above technical solution, the dust outlet of the first dust remover communicates with the overflow pipe between the second boiler and the third boiler.
在上述技术方案中，所述第二除尘器的灰尘出口与所述第二锅炉和第一锅炉之间的溢流管连通。In the above technical solution, the dust outlet of the second dust remover communicates with the overflow pipe between the second boiler and the first boiler.
在上述技术方案中，所述第三除尘器和第四除尘器的灰尘出口均与所述第三锅炉与第四锅炉之间的溢流管连通。In the above technical solution, the dust outlets of the third dust remover and the fourth dust remover are both in communication with the overflow pipe between the third boiler and the fourth boiler.
在上述技术方案中，所述过热器、蒸发器、省煤器和预热器的排出口均位于相应的过热器、蒸发器、省煤器和预热器的进入口的上方。In the above technical solution, the outlets of the superheater, evaporator, economizer and preheater are all located above the inlets of the corresponding superheater, evaporator, economizer and preheater.
相比于现有技术，本实用新型：Compared with the prior art, the utility model:
1)使余热传递过程的梯级程度在不增加动力消耗的前提下有了大幅度改善，传热过程冷热源不可逆损失大幅度降低，余热利用率可提高20％-30％。1) The step degree of waste heat transfer process has been greatly improved without increasing power consumption, the irreversible loss of cold and heat sources in the heat transfer process has been greatly reduced, and the waste heat utilization rate can be increased by 20%-30%.
2)高温床风帽堵塞及磨损的概率大幅度降低，风帽事故率降低80％-90％。2) The probability of blockage and wear of the air cap of the high-temperature bed is greatly reduced, and the accident rate of the air cap is reduced by 80%-90%.
3)颗粒离开冷却装置的温度降低至100℃左右，装置余热回收率提高10％-20％。3) The temperature of the particles leaving the cooling device is reduced to about 100°C, and the waste heat recovery rate of the device is increased by 10%-20%.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1为本实用新型的阶梯式多梯级床温鼓泡床换热装置的结构示意图。Fig. 1 is a structural schematic diagram of a stepped multi-step bed temperature bubbling bed heat exchange device of the present invention.
其中，1：鼓泡床风仓，2：风帽，3：物料料斗，4：过热器，5：溢流管，6：第二除尘器，7：第一除尘器，8：汽包，9：凝汽器，10：汽轮机，11：发电机，12：冷却塔，13：第四除尘器，14：第三除尘器，15：凝结水泵，16：除氧器，17：预热器，18：冷渣管路，19：第二鼓泡床流化风机，20：给水泵，21：省煤器，22：第一鼓泡床流化风机，23：蒸发器，24：第一管路，25：第二管路，26：第三管路，27：第四管路，28：第五管路，29：第一余热锅炉，30：第二余热锅炉。Among them, 1: bubbling bed air chamber, 2: air cap, 3: material hopper, 4: superheater, 5: overflow pipe, 6: second dust collector, 7: first dust collector, 8: steam drum, 9 : condenser, 10: steam turbine, 11: generator, 12: cooling tower, 13: fourth dust collector, 14: third dust collector, 15: condensate pump, 16: deaerator, 17: preheater, 18: cold slag pipeline, 19: second bubbling bed fluidization fan, 20: feed water pump, 21: economizer, 22: first bubbling bed fluidization fan, 23: evaporator, 24: first pipe 25: second pipeline, 26: third pipeline, 27: fourth pipeline, 28: fifth pipeline, 29: first waste heat boiler, 30: second waste heat boiler.
具体实施方式detailed description
在本实用新型的具体实施方式中，回收的为900℃左右的高温颗粒，阶梯式多梯级床温鼓泡床换热装置设置四个高度及床温(温度)依次降低的锅炉，按高度及床温依次降低的顺序，四个锅炉内分别埋有过热器、蒸发器、省煤器和预热器，四个鼓泡床流化介质为空气，其中，两个较高温的第一锅炉和第二锅炉(蒸发器鼓泡床、过热器鼓泡床)流化介质串联，两个较低温的第三锅炉和第四锅炉(省煤器鼓泡床、凝结水预热器鼓泡床)流化介质串联，但高温床流化介质与低温床流化介质相互独立。In the specific implementation of the present utility model, high-temperature particles of about 900°C are recovered, and the stepped multi-step bed temperature bubbling bed heat exchange device is equipped with four boilers with successively lower heights and bed temperatures (temperatures). The bed temperature decreases sequentially. The four boilers are respectively buried with superheaters, evaporators, economizers and preheaters. The fluidized medium of the four bubbling beds is air. Among them, the two higher temperature first boilers and The fluidized medium of the second boiler (bubbling bed of evaporator, bubbling bed of superheater) is connected in series, and two lower temperature third boilers and fourth boilers (bubbling bed of economizer, bubbling bed of condensate preheater) The fluidized medium is connected in series, but the high-temperature bed fluidized medium and the low-temperature bed fluidized medium are independent of each other.
在本实用新型中排出口可以用于排汽、排水或汽水混合物。进入口可以用于进水、进汽或进汽水混合物。In the utility model, the discharge port can be used for exhausting steam, draining water or steam-water mixture. The inlet port can be used for water, steam or a mixture of steam and water.
下面结合附图和具体实施例进一步说明本实用新型的技术方案。The technical scheme of the utility model is further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.
如图1所示，包括：位置从高至低依次排列的4个锅炉(鼓泡床锅炉)：第一锅炉、第二锅炉、第三锅炉和第四锅炉以及物料料斗3、过热器4、蒸发器23、省煤器21、预热器17，第一至第四锅炉均包括：密封的筒体以及固装在该筒体下端的鼓泡床风仓1(即风仓)，在鼓泡床风仓1的下端形成有进风口，在筒体的上端形成有出风口；在鼓泡床风仓1与筒体之间间隔安装有多个风帽2，以使从进风口进入鼓泡床风仓1的气体在经过风帽2后加速并使气体风向转变成由下至上，一过滤网的周边与筒体的内壁密封连接，用于过滤向出风口流动的气体中大部分的固体颗粒。As shown in Figure 1, it includes: 4 boilers (bubbling bed boilers) arranged in order from high to low: the first boiler, the second boiler, the third boiler and the fourth boiler, as well as material hopper 3, superheater 4, The evaporator 23, the economizer 21, the preheater 17, and the first to fourth boilers all include: a sealed cylinder and a bubbling bed air chamber 1 (i.e., an air chamber) fixed at the lower end of the cylinder. The lower end of the bubble bed air chamber 1 is formed with an air inlet, and the upper end of the cylinder is formed with an air outlet; a plurality of air caps 2 are installed at intervals between the bubble bed air chamber 1 and the cylinder, so that the bubbles enter the air from the air inlet. The gas in the bed air chamber 1 accelerates after passing through the wind cap 2 and changes the direction of the gas wind from bottom to top. The periphery of a filter screen is sealed and connected with the inner wall of the cylinder, which is used to filter most of the solid particles in the gas flowing to the air outlet. .
过热器4、蒸发器23、省煤器21和预热器17分别依次安装在第一锅炉、第二锅炉、第三锅炉和第四锅炉内，预热器17用于排水的排出口与省煤器21用于进水的进入口通过第一管路24相通，且在第一管路24上安装有一除氧器16和给水泵20，以使经过预热器17的水经过省煤器21形成饱和水；省煤器21用于排水的排出口与一汽包8的进水管连通，汽包8的下降管与蒸发器23的进入口连通，蒸发器23用于排汽的排出口与汽包8的上升管连通，汽包8的蒸汽出口与过热器4用于进汽的进入口连通，以使从蒸汽出口排出的饱和蒸汽进入过热器4形成过热水蒸气；过热器4的排出口与汽轮机10的进汽口连通，汽轮机10与发电机11连接。汽轮机10的出汽口与凝汽器9的蒸汽入口连通，凝汽器9的凝结水出口与预热器17的进入口通过管路连通，且在凝结水出口与预热器17的进入口之间的管路上安装有凝结水泵15；凝汽器9与一冷却塔12连接，以使通过该冷却塔12将冷凝热排入大气。过热器4、蒸发器23、省煤器21和预热器17的排出口均位于相应的过热器4、蒸发器23、省煤器21和预热器17的进入口的上方。The superheater 4, the evaporator 23, the economizer 21 and the preheater 17 are respectively installed in the first boiler, the second boiler, the third boiler and the fourth boiler in sequence, and the preheater 17 is used for the discharge port of the drainage and the economizer The water inlet of the coal burner 21 is connected through the first pipeline 24, and a deaerator 16 and a feed water pump 20 are installed on the first pipeline 24, so that the water passing through the preheater 17 passes through the economizer 21 forms saturated water; the outlet of economizer 21 for drainage is communicated with the water inlet pipe of steam drum 8, the downcomer of steam drum 8 is communicated with the inlet of evaporator 23, and the outlet of evaporator 23 is used for exhausting steam and The rising pipe of the steam drum 8 is connected, and the steam outlet of the steam drum 8 is connected with the inlet of the superheater 4 for steam intake, so that the saturated steam discharged from the steam outlet enters the superheater 4 to form superheated steam; The discharge port communicates with the steam inlet of the steam turbine 10 , and the steam turbine 10 is connected with the generator 11 . The steam outlet of the steam turbine 10 communicates with the steam inlet of the condenser 9, the condensed water outlet of the condenser 9 communicates with the inlet of the preheater 17 through pipelines, and the outlet of the condensed water and the inlet of the preheater 17 A condensate pump 15 is installed on the pipeline between them; the condenser 9 is connected with a cooling tower 12, so that the heat of condensation can be discharged into the atmosphere through the cooling tower 12. The outlets of the superheater 4 , evaporator 23 , economizer 21 and preheater 17 are located above the corresponding inlets of the superheater 4 , evaporator 23 , economizer 21 and preheater 17 .
第二锅炉的进风口下安装有一第一鼓泡床流化风机22，第二锅炉的出风口通过第二管路25与第一锅炉的进风口连通，且在第二管路25上安装有一第一除尘器7，第一除尘器7的灰尘出口与第二锅炉和第三锅炉之间的溢流管5连通。A first bubbling bed fluidization fan 22 is installed under the air inlet of the second boiler, and the air outlet of the second boiler communicates with the air inlet of the first boiler through the second pipeline 25, and a second pipeline 25 is installed The first dust remover 7, the dust outlet of the first dust remover 7 communicates with the overflow pipe 5 between the second boiler and the third boiler.
第一锅炉的出风口通过第三管路26与第二余热锅炉30连通，第二余热锅炉30的压力P2为9.8MPa≤P2＜13.7MPa。。在第三管路26上安装有第二除尘器6；第二除尘器6的灰尘出口与第二锅炉和第一锅炉之间的溢流管5连通。The air outlet of the first boiler communicates with the second waste heat boiler 30 through the third pipeline 26, and the pressure P 2 of the second waste heat boiler 30 is 9.8MPa≤P2 <13.7MPa. . A second dust remover 6 is installed on the third pipeline 26; the dust outlet of the second dust remover 6 communicates with the overflow pipe 5 between the second boiler and the first boiler.
第四锅炉的进风口下安装有一第二鼓泡床流化风机19，第四锅炉的出风口通过第四管路27与第三锅炉的进风口连通，且在第四管路27上安装有第三除尘器14；第三锅炉的出风口通过第五管路28与第一余热锅炉29连通，第一余热锅炉29的压力P1为3.8MPa≤P1＜5.3MPa。且在第五管路28上安装有第四除尘器13；第三除尘器14和第四除尘器13的灰尘出口均与第三锅炉与第四锅炉之间的溢流管5连通。A second bubbling bed fluidization fan 19 is installed under the air inlet of the fourth boiler, and the air outlet of the fourth boiler is communicated with the air inlet of the third boiler through the fourth pipeline 27, and the fourth pipeline 27 is equipped with The third dust collector 14; the air outlet of the third boiler communicates with the first waste heat boiler 29 through the fifth pipeline 28, and the pressure P 1 of the first waste heat boiler 29 is 3.8MPa≤P 1 <5.3MPa. And the fourth dust remover 13 is installed on the fifth pipeline 28; the dust outlets of the third dust remover 14 and the fourth dust remover 13 are both communicated with the overflow pipe 5 between the third boiler and the fourth boiler.
物料料斗3与第一锅炉连通；第四锅炉的筒体下形成有冷渣口，冷渣口通过冷渣管路18通向第四锅炉外；The material hopper 3 communicates with the first boiler; a cold slag port is formed under the shell of the fourth boiler, and the cold slag port leads to the outside of the fourth boiler through the cold slag pipeline 18;
相邻第一锅炉、第二锅炉、第三锅炉和第四锅炉的筒体之间连通有溢流管5，其中，溢流管5的一端与相邻锅炉中位置较高锅炉的筒体上部连通，溢流管5的另一端与相邻锅炉中位置较低锅炉的筒体下部连通，且溢流管5两端的连通处均位于相应锅炉内的过滤网的下方。An overflow pipe 5 is communicated between the cylinders of the adjacent first boiler, the second boiler, the third boiler and the fourth boiler, wherein one end of the overflow pipe 5 is connected to the upper part of the cylinder of the higher boiler among the adjacent boilers. The other end of the overflow pipe 5 communicates with the lower part of the cylinder body of the adjacent boiler, and the connection at both ends of the overflow pipe 5 is located below the filter screen in the corresponding boiler.
1)本实用新型实施例做功工质流程1) Working fluid process of the utility model embodiment
凝结水经凝结水泵15加压后进入预热器17与最低温物料进行换热升温，然后进入除氧器16除氧形成除氧水，除氧水经给水泵20加压进入省煤器21中与次低温物料进行换热升温，形成饱和水，饱和水进入汽包8，在汽包中，饱和水经汽包的下降管进入蒸发器23与次高温物料进行换热汽化，形成汽水混合物，汽水混合物再回到汽包8形成饱和蒸汽，饱和蒸汽由汽包8引出进入过热器4与高温物料进行换热，升温为过热蒸汽，过热蒸汽离开过热器4进入汽轮机10膨胀做功，并经发电机11发电，汽轮机乏汽进入凝汽器9冷凝，冷凝热由冷却塔12排入大气，冷凝水进入凝结水泵15加压进入下一次做功循环。The condensed water is pressurized by the condensed water pump 15 and enters the preheater 17 to exchange heat with the lowest temperature material to raise the temperature, and then enters the deaerator 16 to deoxidize to form deoxygenated water, which is pressurized by the feed water pump 20 and enters the economizer 21 Heat exchange with the sub-low temperature material to form saturated water, and the saturated water enters the steam drum 8, and in the steam drum, the saturated water enters the evaporator 23 through the downcomer of the steam drum to perform heat exchange and vaporization with the sub-high temperature material to form a steam-water mixture , the steam-water mixture returns to the steam drum 8 to form saturated steam, and the saturated steam is drawn out from the steam drum 8 and enters the superheater 4 to exchange heat with the high-temperature material, and the temperature rises to superheated steam, and the superheated steam leaves the superheater 4 and enters the steam turbine 10 to expand and perform work, The generator 11 generates electricity, the exhaust steam of the steam turbine enters the condenser 9 to condense, the condensation heat is discharged into the atmosphere by the cooling tower 12, and the condensed water enters the condensed water pump 15 to pressurize and enter the next working cycle.
2)本实用新型实施例流化介质流程2) Fluidized medium process of the embodiment of the utility model
低温鼓泡床流化介质流程1：冷空气经第二鼓泡床流化风机19加压进入第四锅炉的鼓泡床风仓1，再经风帽2进入该第四锅炉的筒体内，并对第四锅炉的筒体内的低温物料进行流化，流化介质(空气)离开第四锅炉后经第三除尘器14除尘后进入省煤器21所在的第三锅炉内，并经风帽进入第三锅炉的筒体内，对第三锅炉的筒体内的次低温物料进行流化；离开第三锅炉后，流化介质经第四除尘器13除尘，形成干净的中温空气，中温空气最终送去中温气体余热锅炉产生中压蒸汽，即第一余热锅炉29。Low temperature bubbling bed fluidized medium process 1: cold air is pressurized by the second bubbling bed fluidizing fan 19 and enters the bubbling bed air chamber 1 of the fourth boiler, then enters the cylinder of the fourth boiler through the air cap 2, and Fluidize the low-temperature material in the cylinder of the fourth boiler. After leaving the fourth boiler, the fluidized medium (air) enters the third boiler where the economizer 21 is located after being dedusted by the third dust collector 14, and enters the third boiler through the wind cap. In the cylinder of the third boiler, the sub-low temperature material in the cylinder of the third boiler is fluidized; after leaving the third boiler, the fluidized medium is dedusted by the fourth dust collector 13 to form clean medium-temperature air, and the medium-temperature air is finally sent to the medium-temperature The gas waste heat boiler generates medium-pressure steam, that is, the first waste heat boiler 29 .
高温鼓泡床流化介质流程2：冷空气经第一鼓泡床流化风机22加压进入第二锅炉的鼓泡床风仓1，再经风帽2进入蒸发器23所在第二锅炉的筒体内对次高温物料进行流化，流化介质离第二锅炉后经第一除尘器7除尘后进入第一锅炉的筒体内，对最高温物料进行流化，离开第一锅炉后，流化介质经第二除尘器6除尘，形成干净的高温空气，高温空气最终送去高温气体余热锅炉产生高压蒸汽，即第二余热锅炉30。High-temperature bubbling bed fluidized medium process 2: cold air is pressurized by the first bubbling bed fluidizing fan 22 and enters the bubbling bed air chamber 1 of the second boiler, and then enters the cylinder of the second boiler where the evaporator 23 is located through the air cap 2 The sub-high temperature material is fluidized in the body. After the fluidized medium leaves the second boiler, it is dedusted by the first dust collector 7 and then enters the cylinder of the first boiler to fluidize the highest temperature material. After leaving the first boiler, the fluidized medium Dust is removed by the second dust collector 6 to form clean high-temperature air, and the high-temperature air is finally sent to the high-temperature gas waste heat boiler to generate high-pressure steam, that is, the second waste heat boiler 30 .
3)本实用新型实施例高温颗粒流程3) The high-temperature particle process of the embodiment of the utility model
高温颗粒由物料料斗3进入温度最高的过热器所在的第一锅炉，高温颗粒在第一锅炉内与过热器4中的过热蒸汽及流化介质(空气)进行换热，然后高温颗粒经溢流管5进入温度次高的蒸发器所在的第二锅炉，在第二锅炉中，高温颗粒与蒸发器内的饱和水及流化介质进行换热。高温颗粒再经溢流管5进入温度次低的省煤器21所在第三锅炉，在第三锅炉中与省煤器21中的未饱和水及流化介质进行换热，接着经溢流管5进入温度最低的预热器17所在的第四锅炉，在第四锅炉中与预热器17中的凝结水及流化介质进行换热，最后由冷渣管路18排出整个阶梯式多梯级床温鼓泡床换热装置。The high-temperature particles enter the first boiler where the highest temperature superheater is located from the material hopper 3, and the high-temperature particles exchange heat with the superheated steam and the fluidized medium (air) in the superheater 4 in the first boiler, and then the high-temperature particles pass through the overflow The tube 5 enters the second boiler where the evaporator with the second highest temperature is located. In the second boiler, the high-temperature particles exchange heat with the saturated water and the fluidized medium in the evaporator. The high-temperature particles enter the third boiler where the second-lowest economizer 21 is located through the overflow pipe 5, and exchange heat with the unsaturated water and fluidized medium in the economizer 21 in the third boiler, and then pass through the overflow pipe 5 Enter the fourth boiler where the preheater 17 with the lowest temperature is located, exchange heat with the condensed water and fluidized medium in the preheater 17 in the fourth boiler, and finally discharge the entire stepped multi-step boiler through the cold slag pipeline 18 Bed temperature bubbling bed heat exchange device.
本实用新型解决现有技术缺陷采用的技术方案是：The technical solution adopted by the utility model to solve the defects of the prior art is:
1、在原有双流化床装置中，两个流化床固体颗粒和流化介质均为串联：固体颗粒离开高温床后经落灰管直接进入低温床，低温床流化介质离开低温床后经高温床风帽直接进入高温床。这种双串联结构决定了串联级数越多，流化风阻力越大，耗电越多，风帽磨损越严重，因此，只设置双层流化床。本实用新型改变相邻流化床之间的联结方式，采用4个阶梯状的锅炉实现固体颗粒的多梯级床温，相邻两级锅炉固体颗粒串联：位于上方的锅炉通过中间溢流管进入相邻的位于下方的锅炉。但所有相邻锅炉的流化气体并不全部采用串联方式，各个锅炉的流化介质分别在各个锅炉中独立进出，最多两级相邻锅炉采用串联形式，且与其他锅炉流化气体的流动相互独立，两级相邻锅炉采用串联时，由低温锅炉出来的流化气体先进入除尘器利用旋风分离气固，再进入相邻的较高温的锅炉，以降低高温锅炉风帽堵塞及磨损的概率。1. In the original double fluidized bed device, the solid particles and fluidized medium of the two fluidized beds are connected in series: after the solid particles leave the high temperature bed, they enter the low temperature bed directly through the ash pipe, and the fluidized medium of the low temperature bed leaves the low temperature bed Enter the high temperature bed directly through the high temperature bed hood. This double series structure determines that the more the series series, the greater the fluidization wind resistance, the more power consumption, and the more serious the wear of the wind cap. Therefore, only double-layer fluidized beds are set. The utility model changes the connection mode between adjacent fluidized beds, and adopts four stepped boilers to realize the multi-step bed temperature of solid particles. Adjacent to the boiler below. However, the fluidization gas of all adjacent boilers is not all connected in series, the fluidization medium of each boiler enters and exits independently in each boiler, and a maximum of two adjacent boilers adopts a series connection, and the flow of fluidization gas with other boilers interacts with each other. Independent, when the two adjacent boilers are connected in series, the fluidized gas from the low-temperature boiler first enters the dust collector to separate the gas and solid by cyclone, and then enters the adjacent higher-temperature boiler to reduce the probability of blockage and wear of the high-temperature boiler air cap.
2、将鼓泡床(锅炉)流化介质串联改为并联后，可以采用4个床温逐渐降低的鼓泡床换热器来更好地实现颗粒与做功工质的梯级换热。采用4个锅炉(鼓泡床)依次实现对工质的过热器换热、蒸发器换热、省煤器换热以及凝结水预热器换热，这种结构使余热传递过程的梯级程度在不增加动力消耗的前提下有了大幅度改善，传热过程冷热源不可逆损失大幅度降低，余热利用率可提高20％-30％。2. After changing the fluidized medium of the bubbling bed (boiler) from series to parallel, four bubbling bed heat exchangers with gradually lower bed temperature can be used to better realize the cascade heat exchange between particles and working medium. Four boilers (bubbling beds) are used to realize the heat exchange of superheater, evaporator, economizer, and condensate preheater for the working fluid in sequence. This structure makes the waste heat transfer process step-by-step. It has been greatly improved without increasing power consumption, the irreversible loss of cold and heat sources in the heat transfer process has been greatly reduced, and the utilization rate of waste heat can be increased by 20%-30%.
3、在本实用新型的阶梯式多梯级床温换热装置中，位于最下方的锅炉可以利用颗粒低温余热单独加热进入除氧器前的凝结水，使颗粒温度降至接近100℃左右的低温，余热回收率大幅度提高。3. In the stepped multi-step bed temperature heat exchange device of the present invention, the boiler located at the bottom can use the low-temperature waste heat of the particles to separately heat the condensed water before entering the deaerator, so that the temperature of the particles drops to a low temperature of about 100°C , The waste heat recovery rate is greatly improved.
以上对本实用新型做了示例性的描述，应该说明的是，在不脱离本实用新型的核心的情况下，任何简单的变形、修改或者其他本领域技术人员能够不花费创造性劳动的等同替换均落入本实用新型的保护范围。The utility model has been described as an example above. It should be noted that, without departing from the core of the utility model, any simple deformation, modification or other equivalent replacements that can be made by those skilled in the art without costing creative labor all fall into the Into the scope of protection of the utility model.
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Granted publication date: 20171208 Termination date: 20190518 |