CN206487536U - Automobile exhaust emission system - Google Patents
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- CN206487536U CN206487536U CN201621217789.7U CN201621217789U CN206487536U CN 206487536 U CN206487536 U CN 206487536U CN 201621217789 U CN201621217789 U CN 201621217789U CN 206487536 U CN206487536 U CN 206487536U
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- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 34
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Palladium Chemical compound [Pd] KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Chemical compound [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 229910052763 palladium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 229910052703 rhodium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 239000010948 rhodium Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- MHOVAHRLVXNVSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N rhodium atom Chemical compound [Rh] MHOVAHRLVXNVSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910000510 noble metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000011144 upstream manufacturing Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000008450 motivation Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 239000010970 precious metal Substances 0.000 abstract description 11
- MWUXSHHQAYIFBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen oxide Inorganic materials O=[N] MWUXSHHQAYIFBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 9
- 239000013618 particulate matter Substances 0.000 abstract description 4
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 3
- 229910002091 carbon monoxide Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 3
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 abstract description 3
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 abstract description 3
- 125000005575 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon group Chemical group 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 12
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 description 11
- 239000003344 environmental pollutant Substances 0.000 description 4
- 231100000719 pollutant Toxicity 0.000 description 4
- 238000006555 catalytic reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910010293 ceramic material Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003912 environmental pollution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000036541 health Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A50/00—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE in human health protection, e.g. against extreme weather
- Y02A50/20—Air quality improvement or preservation, e.g. vehicle emission control or emission reduction by using catalytic converters
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/10—Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
- Y02T10/12—Improving ICE efficiencies
Landscapes
- Exhaust Gas After Treatment (AREA)
Abstract
本实用新型公开一种汽车尾气排放系统，包括发动机、尾气净化器，发动机进气道和排气道，所述发动机包括燃烧室、活塞、气缸盖，其特征在于：在发动机内设置有贵金属催化剂涂层，在排气道的下游侧设置有第一净化器，排气道的末端连接尾气净化器。本实用新型的汽车尾气排放系统以铂、铑、钯等贵金属作为催化剂，对尾气中的CO、HC、NOx和残余多环芳烃同时起氧化恢复作用，使其转化成无害物质CO2、H2O、N2。有效降低一氧化碳、碳氢化合物、氮氧化物等有害气体的排放减少尾气中有害气体的含量和PM2.5颗粒物。
The utility model discloses an automobile exhaust emission system, which comprises an engine, an exhaust gas purifier, an engine intake channel and an exhaust channel, and the engine comprises a combustion chamber, a piston and a cylinder head, and is characterized in that a precious metal catalyst is arranged in the engine coating, a first purifier is arranged on the downstream side of the exhaust passage, and the end of the exhaust passage is connected to the exhaust gas purifier. The automobile tail gas emission system of the utility model uses platinum, rhodium, palladium and other precious metals as catalysts to simultaneously oxidize and recover CO, HC, NOx and residual polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in the tail gas, and convert them into harmless substances CO2, H2O, N2. Effectively reduce the emission of harmful gases such as carbon monoxide, hydrocarbons, and nitrogen oxides, and reduce the content of harmful gases and PM2.5 particulate matter in the exhaust.
Description
技术领域technical field
本实用新型涉及内燃式发动机技术领域，更具体地说，是涉及一种能减少发动机排气中有害污染物的汽车尾气排放系统。The utility model relates to the technical field of internal combustion engines, in particular to an automobile tail gas discharge system capable of reducing harmful pollutants in engine exhaust.
背景技术Background technique
目前，随着汽车拥有量的不断提高，车辆尾气对环境污染的危害也越来越大。汽车尾气排放标准也越来越高。有关数据显示，在雾霾颗粒中机动车尾气占到了22.2％，机动车的尾气是雾霾颗粒组成的最主要的成分。汽车尾气中的污染物主要由一氧化碳、氮氧化物、碳氢化合物和颗粒物组成，其中机动车排放的颗粒物是PM2.5的主要元凶之一，这些污染物对环境和人类的健康造成了极大的威胁。公知的发动机排气污染物控制技术主要是后处理技术，即在发动机排气的下游设置催化转化器，对尾气进行催化处理。由于发动机燃烧的过程中产生大量废气，如果象现有技术那样只进行尾气后处理，那么当排气行进到排气管时，不完全燃烧产物已经与大量完全燃烧产物均匀混合，不完全燃烧产物浓度非常低，需处理的气体量非常大，极大降低了催化转化效率。At present, with the continuous increase of car ownership, the harm of vehicle exhaust to environmental pollution is also increasing. Automobile exhaust emission standards are getting higher and higher. Relevant data show that motor vehicle exhaust accounts for 22.2% of smog particles, and motor vehicle exhaust is the most important component of smog particles. The pollutants in automobile exhaust are mainly composed of carbon monoxide, nitrogen oxides, hydrocarbons and particulate matter, among which the particulate matter emitted by motor vehicles is one of the main culprits of PM2.5. These pollutants have caused great harm to the environment and human health. threat. The known engine exhaust pollutant control technology is mainly post-treatment technology, that is, a catalytic converter is arranged downstream of the engine exhaust to perform catalytic treatment on the exhaust gas. Because a large amount of exhaust gas is produced during the combustion of the engine, if only the exhaust after-treatment is carried out as in the prior art, then when the exhaust gas travels to the exhaust pipe, the incomplete combustion products have been evenly mixed with a large amount of complete combustion products, and the incomplete combustion products The concentration is very low, and the amount of gas to be treated is very large, which greatly reduces the catalytic conversion efficiency.
实用新型内容Utility model content
本实用新型要解决的技术问题在于提供一种在发动机气缸内进行催化转化的汽车尾气排放系统，在发动机排气中混入氢气， 在催化剂和一定的温度条件下， 利用氢气良好的还原性减少尾气中的NOx， 最终改善发动机缸内燃烧， 达到减少车辆 HC、 CO 和 NOx的排放的目的，以克服现有设备技术问题的不足。The technical problem to be solved by the utility model is to provide an automobile exhaust emission system that performs catalytic conversion in the engine cylinder, mixes hydrogen in the engine exhaust, and uses the good reducibility of hydrogen to reduce the exhaust gas under the catalyst and certain temperature conditions. The NOx in the engine can finally improve the combustion in the engine cylinder, and achieve the purpose of reducing the emission of vehicle HC, CO and NOx, so as to overcome the shortcomings of the technical problems of the existing equipment.
本实用新型解决其技术问题的技术方案是：一种汽车尾气排放系统，包括发动机、尾气净化器，发动机进气道和排气道，所述发动机包括燃烧室、活塞、气缸盖，其特征在于：在发动机内设置有贵金属催化剂涂层，在排气道的下游侧设置有第一净化器，排气道的末端连接尾气净化器。The technical solution of the utility model to solve its technical problems is: an automobile exhaust emission system, including an engine, an exhaust gas purifier, an engine intake port and an exhaust port, and the engine includes a combustion chamber, a piston, and a cylinder head, and is characterized in that : The engine is provided with a noble metal catalyst coating, the downstream side of the exhaust passage is provided with a first purifier, and the end of the exhaust passage is connected to the exhaust gas purifier.
还包括氢气进气装置，所述氢气进气装置的出气口设置在第一净化器的上游处。A hydrogen gas inlet device is also included, the gas outlet of the hydrogen gas inlet device is arranged upstream of the first purifier.
所述氢气进气装置的出气口还设置在第一净化器的下游处。The gas outlet of the hydrogen gas inlet device is also arranged downstream of the first purifier.
所述氢气进气装置设置单向阀。The hydrogen gas inlet device is provided with a one-way valve.
分别在发动机的活塞顶部、燃烧室内壁、气缸盖的排气道及气缸盖内壁设有贵金属催化剂涂层，所述涂层含有贵金属铂或铑或钯。A precious metal catalyst coating is respectively arranged on the piston top of the engine, the inner wall of the combustion chamber, the exhaust passage of the cylinder head and the inner wall of the cylinder head, and the coating contains precious metal platinum or rhodium or palladium.
所述第一净化器采用多孔陶瓷作为催化剂的载体。The first purifier uses porous ceramics as the carrier of the catalyst.
所述第一净化器以铂或铑或钯作为催化剂。The first purifier uses platinum or rhodium or palladium as a catalyst.
本实用新型的有益效果是：The beneficial effects of the utility model are:
本实用新型的汽车尾气排放系统通过将催化床置于发动机内的内壁，在发动机正常燃烧过程中就进行催化转化，使未完全燃烧产物与完全燃烧产物没有混合之前就被催化转化掉。这样，在燃烧过程中就几乎杜绝了不完全燃烧产物的形成，不但使转化效率提高，而且由于转化过程与发动机做功行程在燃烧室内同步进行，使转化燃烧所产生的能量被充分利用而提高了发动机的做功效率。The automobile exhaust emission system of the utility model places the catalytic bed on the inner wall of the engine, and performs catalytic conversion during the normal combustion process of the engine, so that the incomplete combustion products are catalytically converted before they are mixed with the complete combustion products. In this way, the formation of incomplete combustion products is almost eliminated during the combustion process, which not only improves the conversion efficiency, but also improves the conversion efficiency by fully utilizing the energy generated by the conversion combustion because the conversion process and the engine work stroke are carried out simultaneously in the combustion chamber. The working efficiency of the engine.
本实用新型的汽车尾气排放系统采用覆盖铂、铑、钯等贵重金属的涂层材料，以铂、铑、钯等贵金属作为催化剂，对尾气中的CO、HC、NOx和残余多环芳烃同时起氧化恢复作用，使其转化成无害物质CO2、H2O、N2。有效降低一氧化碳、碳氢化合物、氮氧化物等有害气体的排放减少尾气中有害气体的含量和PM2.5颗粒物。在发动机排气中引入不同比例的氢气，经过铂、铑、钯等贵金属催化反应后，可以有效降低尾气中 NOx 的排放。The automobile exhaust emission system of the utility model adopts coating materials covering precious metals such as platinum, rhodium and palladium, and uses platinum, rhodium, palladium and other precious metals as catalysts to simultaneously deactivate CO, HC, NOx and residual polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in the exhaust gas. Oxidation recovery function, so that it can be converted into harmless substances CO2, H2O, N2. Effectively reduce the emission of harmful gases such as carbon monoxide, hydrocarbons, and nitrogen oxides, and reduce the content of harmful gases and PM2.5 particulate matter in the exhaust. Introducing different proportions of hydrogen into the exhaust gas of the engine can effectively reduce the emission of NOx in the exhaust after the catalytic reaction of precious metals such as platinum, rhodium, and palladium.
在排气道内增设覆盖铂或铑或钯等贵重金属的多孔陶瓷材料，形成两级催化，前级未净化的部分由后级化剂进一步净化，可减轻下游催化器的工作压力，使排放的尾气完全达到国家的标准。A porous ceramic material covered with precious metals such as platinum, rhodium or palladium is added in the exhaust channel to form a two-stage catalysis. Exhaust gas fully meets the national standard.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1为本实用新型汽车尾气排放系统的结构示意图。Fig. 1 is a structural schematic diagram of the vehicle exhaust emission system of the present invention.
具体实施方式detailed description
下面详细描述本实用新型的实施例，所述实施例的示例在附图中示出，其中自始至终相同或类似的标号表示相同或类似的元件或具有相同或类似功能的元件。下面通过参考附图描述的实施例是示例性的，仅用于解释本实用新型，而不能理解为对本实用新型的限制。Embodiments of the present invention are described in detail below, examples of which are shown in the drawings, wherein the same or similar reference numerals represent the same or similar elements or elements having the same or similar functions throughout. The embodiments described below with reference to the accompanying drawings are exemplary and are only used to explain the present utility model, but should not be construed as limiting the present utility model.
在本实用新型的描述中，需要理解的是，术语“中心”、“横向”、“上”、“下”、“左”、“右”、“竖直”、“水平”、“内”、“外”等指示的方位或位置关系为基于附图所示的方位或位置关系，仅是为了便于描述本实用新型和简化描述，而不是指示或暗示所指的装置或元件必须具有特定的方位、以特定的方位构造和操作，因此不能理解为对本实用新型的限制。此外，术语“第一”、“第二”仅用于描述目的，而不能理解为指示或暗示相对重要性或者隐含指明所指示的技术特征的数量。由此，限定有“第一”、“第二”的特征可以明示或者隐含地包含一个或者更多个该特征。在本实用新型的描述中，除非另有说明，“多个”的含义是两个或两个以上。In describing the present invention, it should be understood that the terms "central", "lateral", "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "inner" The orientation or positional relationship indicated by , "outside", etc. is based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings, which is only for the convenience of describing the utility model and simplifying the description, rather than indicating or implying that the referred device or element must have a specific Orientation, construction and operation in a particular orientation, therefore should not be construed as limiting the invention. In addition, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only, and cannot be interpreted as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the quantity of indicated technical features. Thus, a feature defined as "first" and "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of these features. In the description of the present utility model, unless otherwise specified, "plurality" means two or more.
在本实用新型的描述中，需要说明的是，除非另有明确的规定和限定，术语“安装”、“相连”、“连接”应作广义理解，例如，可以是固定连接。也可以是可拆卸连接，或一体地连接；可以是机械连接，也可以是电连接；可以是直接相连，也可以通过中间媒介间接相连，可以是两个元件内部的连通。对于本领域的普通技术人员而言，可以具体情况理解上述术语在本实用新型的具体含义。In the description of the present utility model, it should be noted that, unless otherwise specified and limited, the terms "installation", "connection" and "connection" should be understood in a broad sense, for example, it may be a fixed connection. It can also be a detachable connection or an integral connection; it can be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it can be a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediary, and it can be the internal communication of two components. Those of ordinary skill in the art can understand the specific meanings of the above terms in the present utility model in specific situations.
参见图1所示，本实用新型的汽车尾气排放系统包括发动机、尾气净化器，发动机1具有四个气缸 2 ，在各气缸 2 设置有向该气缸 2 内直接喷射燃料的燃料喷射阀 3。在发动机1 连接有进气道4和排气道5。在排气道的下游侧设置有第一净化器7，排气道的末端连接尾气净化器6。Referring to Fig. 1, the automobile exhaust emission system of the present invention includes an engine and an exhaust purifier. The engine 1 has four cylinders 2, and each cylinder 2 is provided with a fuel injection valve 3 for directly injecting fuel into the cylinder 2. An intake port 4 and an exhaust port 5 are connected to the engine 1 . A first purifier 7 is arranged on the downstream side of the exhaust duct, and the exhaust gas purifier 6 is connected to the end of the exhaust duct.
气缸 2包括燃烧室、活塞、气缸盖，燃料喷射阀 3安装在气缸盖上，气缸盖还设置螺旋式进气歧管、排气歧管，螺旋式进气歧管、排气歧管分别与进气道4、排气道5连通。在活塞顶、燃烧室内壁、气缸盖的排气歧管及气缸盖内壁设有具有催化活性的涂层，所述涂层含有贵金属铂、铑、钯的其中一种。净化结构的工作原理是：将催化涂层设置于发动机内，在发动机正常燃烧过程中就进行催化转化，使未完全燃烧产物与完全燃烧产物没有混合之前就被催化转化掉。这样，在燃烧过程中就几乎杜绝了不完全燃烧产物的形成，不但使转化效率提高，而且由于转化过程与发动机做功行程在燃烧室内同步进行，使转化燃烧所产生的能量被充分利用而提高了发动机的做功效率。The cylinder 2 includes a combustion chamber, a piston, and a cylinder head. The fuel injection valve 3 is installed on the cylinder head. The cylinder head is also provided with a spiral intake manifold and an exhaust manifold. The intake passage 4 and the exhaust passage 5 are connected. A coating with catalytic activity is provided on the top of the piston, the inner wall of the combustion chamber, the exhaust manifold of the cylinder head and the inner wall of the cylinder head, and the coating contains one of precious metals platinum, rhodium and palladium. The working principle of the purification structure is: the catalytic coating is placed in the engine, and the catalytic conversion is carried out during the normal combustion process of the engine, so that the incomplete combustion products are catalytically converted before they are mixed with the complete combustion products. In this way, the formation of incomplete combustion products is almost eliminated during the combustion process, which not only improves the conversion efficiency, but also improves the conversion efficiency by fully utilizing the energy generated by the conversion combustion because the conversion process and the engine work stroke are carried out synchronously in the combustion chamber. The working efficiency of the engine.
本实用新型的汽车尾气排放系统在排气中设置氢气进气装置，氢气进气装置的出气口分别设置在排气道5内第一净化器7的上、下游处，氢气进气装置设置单向阀，氢气进气依靠气体压力差来完成，通过调节氢气进气装置的压力，可调节氢气进气流量。由于排气通道的空间有限，现有的汽车仅在末端安装尾气净化器，使排气通道的阻力较大，从而使发动机功率下降。本实用新型将排气道的尾气催化净化装置分两级安放，前级为第一净化器7、后级为尾气净化器6，使尾气排放结构进一步优化。与气缸内的催化结构相结合，形成三级尾气净化处理系统。另一方面，在发动机排气中引入不同比例的氢气，经过铂、铑、钯等贵金属催化反应后，可以有效降低尾气中 NOx 的排放。The automobile exhaust emission system of the present utility model is provided with a hydrogen gas intake device in the exhaust, and the gas outlets of the hydrogen gas intake device are respectively arranged at the upstream and downstream of the first purifier 7 in the exhaust duct 5, and the hydrogen gas intake device is provided with a single The hydrogen intake depends on the gas pressure difference, and the hydrogen intake flow can be adjusted by adjusting the pressure of the hydrogen intake device. Due to the limited space of the exhaust passage, existing automobiles only install exhaust gas purifiers at the end, which makes the resistance of the exhaust passage larger, thereby reducing the engine power. In the utility model, the tail gas catalytic purification device of the exhaust passage is placed in two stages, the first stage is the first purifier 7, and the rear stage is the tail gas purifier 6, so that the tail gas discharge structure is further optimized. Combined with the catalytic structure in the cylinder, a three-stage exhaust gas purification treatment system is formed. On the other hand, the introduction of different proportions of hydrogen into the engine exhaust can effectively reduce the NOx emissions in the exhaust after the catalytic reaction of platinum, rhodium, palladium and other precious metals.
尾气净化器6可采用三元催化剂。第一净化器7采用多孔陶瓷作为催化剂的载体，以铂、铑、钯等贵金属作为催化剂，对尾气中的CO、HC、NOx和残余多环芳烃同时起氧化恢复作用，使其转化成无害物质CO2、H2O、N2。The exhaust gas purifier 6 can adopt a three-way catalyst. The first purifier 7 uses porous ceramics as the carrier of the catalyst, and uses platinum, rhodium, palladium and other precious metals as the catalyst to simultaneously oxidize and recover CO, HC, NOx and residual polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in the exhaust gas, converting them into harmless Substances CO2, H2O, N2.
尽管已经示出和描述了本实用新型的实施例，本领域的普通技术人员应当理解：在不脱离本实用新型的原理和宗旨的情况下可以对这些实施例进行多种变化、修改、替换和变型，本实用新型的范围由权利要求及其等同替换所限定，在未经创造性劳动所作的改进等，均应包含在本实用新型的保护范围之内。Although the embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, those skilled in the art should understand that various changes, modifications, substitutions and Variations, the scope of the utility model is defined by the claims and their equivalent replacements, and improvements made without creative work should be included in the protection scope of the utility model.
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