CN206449667U - 锅炉尾部烟气余热利用装置 - Google Patents
锅炉尾部烟气余热利用装置 Download PDFInfo
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- CN206449667U CN206449667U CN201621111739.0U CN201621111739U CN206449667U CN 206449667 U CN206449667 U CN 206449667U CN 201621111739 U CN201621111739 U CN 201621111739U CN 206449667 U CN206449667 U CN 206449667U
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- endotherm
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- heat
- air preheater
- gas
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- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N carbon monoxide Chemical compound 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[O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 239000003546 flue gas Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N carbon Chemical compound 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[C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 10
- 239000003245 coal Substances 0.000 abstract description 10
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 abstract description 8
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Classifications
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E20/00—Combustion technologies with mitigation potential
- Y02E20/34—Indirect CO2mitigation, i.e. by acting on non CO2directly related matters of the process, e.g. pre-heating or heat recovery
Abstract
本实用新型提供一种锅炉尾部烟气余热利用装置，设在锅炉烟道的尾部，包括设在锅炉烟道内的空气预热器，空气预热器连接进风通道，还包括低低温省煤器和暖风装置，低低温省煤器包括第一吸热段和第一放热段，暖风装置包括第二吸热段和第二放热段，第一吸热段和第二吸热段位于空气预热器下游的锅炉烟道内并沿烟气流动方向顺序布置；第一放热段连接有进水管道，第二放热段位于进风通道内。本实用新型通过设置低低温省煤器和暖风装置，将所回收的排烟余热用于两部分，一部分用于加热汽轮机凝结水实现节煤，另一部分用于加热空气预热器进风，提高空气预热器冷段壁温，保护空气预热器，冬季可替代常规蒸汽暖风器，节省耗汽。
Description
锅炉尾部烟气余热利用装置
技术领域
[0001] 本实用新型涉及锅炉排烟余热利用领域，特别是涉及一种锅炉尾部烟气余热利用 装置。
背景技术
[0002] 锅炉排放的烟气中含有酸性气体，烟温高时它们会以气态的形式流经锅炉各受热 面直至到脱硫塔里被除去。当烟温低于某一温度时，它们会与烟气中的水蒸气结合成硫酸 而腐蚀换热设备。低温腐蚀通常出现在空气预热器的冷端以及给水温度低的省煤器中。当 受热面的温度低于烟气的酸露点时，烟气中的水蒸气和煤燃烧后所生成的少量三氧化硫结 合成的硫酸会凝结在受热面上，严重腐蚀受热面。为避免锅炉尾部受热面的酸露腐蚀，通常 锅炉排烟温度设计较高，新锅炉140°c左右，运行一段时间后往往会高达160°C，这部分烟气 的直接排放造成了很大的能源浪费。
[0003] 在某些大的电站锅炉或热电联产锅炉上，低压省煤器技术应用更加广泛，它安装 在锅炉尾部烟道中，利用汽轮机回热系统中的低压加热器水侧的凝结水而非高压给水来冷 却烟气，其换热条件类似于省煤器，但水侧的压力远远低于省煤器的压力，故称其低压省煤 器。低压省煤器的安装使得汽轮机换热系统得到一份外来热量，节省了一部分抽汽，很好的 回收排烟热损失，提高了全厂的热效率。
[0004] 常规的低压省煤器通过加热凝结水系统，从而起到降低排烟温度实现节能的目 的，但有以下几点问题影响其利用效率和节能效益。一是当空气预热器出口烟温低于i2〇r 时，由于烟温较低，在低压省煤器返回汽轮机的出水温度较低，汽轮机的附加冷源损失增 力口，节能效果受到消减;二是在冬季环境温度较低时，烟气余热回收能级较低，往往不得不 停用上述设备，装置的实际利用率下降;三是冬季为防止空气预热器冷端腐蚀，安装的蒸汽 暖风器需要投入运行，额外消耗大量的汽轮机抽汽，浪费能源。 实用新型内容
[0005] 鉴于以上所述现有技术的缺点，本实用新型要解决的技术问题在于提供一种锅炉 尾部烟气余热利用装置，在回收烟气余热的基础上加热进空预器的冷风，提高烟气余热利 用率，克服现有技术中存在的上述问题。
[0006] 为实现上述目的，本实用新型提供一种锅炉尾部烟气余热利用装置，设在锅炉烟 道的尾部，包括设在所述锅炉烟道内的空气预热器，所述空气预热器连接进风通道，还包括 低低温省煤器和暖风装置，所述低低温省煤器包括通过第一循环管道相连的第一吸热段和 第一放热段，所述暖风装置包括通过第二循环管道相连的第二吸热段和第二放热段，所述 第一吸热段和所述第二吸热段位于所述空气预热器下游的锅炉烟道内并沿烟气流动方向 顺序布置;所述第一放热段连接有进水管道，所述第二放热段位于所述进风通道内。
[0007] 优选地，所述进水管道上设有升压栗。
[0008] 优选地，所述进水管道上设有流量调节阀。
[0009] 优选地，还包括控制装置，所述第二吸热段上设有温度传感器，所述温度传感器和 所述流量调节阀分别与所述控制装置相连。
[0010] 优选地，所述锅炉的低压加热器的出水管道与所述进水管道相连接。
[0011] 如上所述，本实用新型涉及的锅炉尾部烟气余热利用装置，具有以下有益效果:通 过设置低低温省煤器和暖风装置，将所回收的排烟余热用于两部分，一部分用于加热汽轮 机凝结水实现节煤，另一部分用于加热空气预热器进风，提高空气预热器冷段壁温，保护空 气预热器，冬季可替代常规蒸汽暖风器，节省耗汽。入炉冷风温度提高，空气预热器出口烟 温随之提高，提升了烟气余热利用的能级，使本实用新型的节能效果明显高于常规低压省 煤器。
附图说明
[0012] 图1为本实用新型的结构示意图。
[0013] 元件标号说明
[0014] 1 空气预热器
[0015] 2 锅炉烟道
[0016] 3 低温省煤器
[0017] 31 第一吸热段
[0018] 32 第一放热段
[0019] 4 暖风装置
[0020] 41 第二吸热段
[0021] 42 第二放热段
[0022] 5 温度传感器
[0023] 6 控制装置
[0024] 7 进风通道
[0025] 8 升压泵
[0026] 9 流量调节阀
[0027] 10 进水管道
具体实施方式
[0028]以下由特定的具体实施例说明本实用新型的实施方式，熟悉此技术的人士可由本 说明书所揭露的内容轻易地了解本实用新型的其他优点及功效。
[0029]须知，本说明书所附图式所绘示的结构、比例、大小等，均仅用以配合说明书所揭 示的内容，以供熟悉此技术的人士了解与阅读，并非用以限定本实用新型可实施的限定条 件，故不具技术上的实质意义，任何结构的修饰、比例关系的改变或大小的调整，在不影响 本实用新型所能产生的功效及所能达成的目的下，均应仍落在本实用新型所揭示的技术内 容能涵盖的范围内。同时，本说明书中所引用的如“上”、“下”、“左，，、“右”、“中间，，等的用语， 亦仅为便于叙述的明了，而非用以限定本实用新型可实施的范围，其相对关系的改变或调 整，在无实质变更技术内容下，当亦视为本实用新型可实施的范畴。
[0030]如图1所示，本实用新型提供一种锅炉尾部烟气余热利用装置，设在锅炉烟道2的 尾部，包括设在所述锅炉烟道2内的空气预热器1，所述空气预热器1连接进风通道7，还包括 低低温省煤器3和暖风装置4,所述低低温省煤器3包括通过第一循环管道33相连的第一吸 热段31和第一放热段32,所述暖风装置4包括通过第二循环管道43相连的第二吸热段41和 第二放热段42,所述第一吸热段31和所述第二吸热段41位于所述空气预热器1下游的锅炉 烟道2内并沿烟气流动方向顺序布置。所述第一循环管道33和所述第二循环管道43均包括 上升管和下降管，且循环管道内设有传热介质。所述第一放热段32连接有进水管道10，所述 进水管道10—般与所述锅炉的低压加热器的出水管道相连接，低压加热器为本领域的公知 设备，用于加热从凝汽器输出的凝结水，所述第一放热段32可以进一步加热从低压加热器 输出的凝结水。所述第二放热段42位于所述进风通道7内，加热流经所述第二放热段42的空 气。
[0031]如图1所示，优选地，所述进水管道10上设有升压栗8,用于输送凝结水至所述进水 管道10内。优选地，所述进水管道10上设有流量调节阀9,调节进入所述进水管道10内的凝 结水流量。优选地，还包括控制装置6,由于所述第二吸热段5的烟气温度低于所述第一吸热 段31的烟气温度，因此在所述第二吸热段41上设有温度传感器5,所述温度传感器5和所述 流量调节阀9分别与所述控制装置6相连，通过温度传感器5可以实时测得所述第二吸热段 41的壁温，并根据壁温的高低实时调节流量调节阀9,以此调节低低温省煤器吸收烟气的热 量，确保各个设备不受酸露腐蚀。
[0032] 本实用新型的工作原理如下：
[0033]所述锅炉烟道2中的烟气在经过第一吸热段31时将热量释放给第一吸热段31中的 传热介质，传热介质一般为除氧水，传热介质吸收热量后因密度差产生的升力通过第一循 环管33中的上升管进入第一放热段32,在第一放热段32中释放热量后通过第一循环管33中 的下降管回到第一吸热段31，由此完成一个循环，在整个循环过程中无需外部动力，传热介 质的循环为自然循环。在第一放热段32中，进水管道10中的水被传热介质加热。在第二吸热 段41上设有温度传感器5，温度传感器5将信号传递给控制装置6，在温度低于设定值时，控 制装置6通过控制流量调节阀9减小流经所述第一放热段32的流量，第一吸热段31的壁温随 之上升，第一吸热段31的出口烟温升高，从而使第二吸热段41的壁面温度始终保持在酸露 点以上。
[0034] 所述暖风装置4的工作原理与所述低低温省煤器3相同，即烟气在经过第二吸热段 41时将热量释放给第二吸热段41中的传热介质，传热介质一般为除氧水，传热介质吸收热 量后因密度差产生的升力通过第二循环管43中的上升管进入第二放热段42,在第二放热段 42中释放热量后通过第二循环管43中的下降管回到第二吸热段41，由此完成一个循环，在 整个循环过程中无需外部动力，传热介质的循环为自然循环。第二放热段42将进风通道7中 的空气加热，提高了空气预热器1冷段壁温。
[0035] 本实用新型通过设置低低温省煤器3和暖风装置4,将所回收的排烟余热用于两部 分，一部分用于加热汽轮机凝结水实现节煤，另一部分用于加热空气预热器1进风，提高空 气预热器1冷段壁温，保护空气预热器1，冬季可替代常规蒸汽暖风器，节省耗汽，入炉空气 温度提高，空气预热器1的出口烟温随之提高，提升了烟气余热利用的能级，同时可有效降 低排烟温度，利用烟气余热，提升电厂整体运行效益。此外，锅炉烟道2的出烟口还与静电除 尘器连通，静电除尘器的入口烟温降低，有效降低粉尘比电阻，提高电除尘器的除尘效率。
[0036]综上所述，本实用新型有效克服了现有技术中的种种缺点而具高度产业利用价 值。
[0037]上述实施例仅例示性说明本实用新型的原理及其功效，而非用于限制本实用新 型。任何熟悉此技术的人士皆可在不违背本实用新型的精神及范畴下，对上述实施例进行 修饰或改变。因此，举凡所属技术领域中具有通常知识者在未脱离本实用新型所揭示的精 神与技术思想下所完成的一切等效修饰或改变，仍应由本实用新型的权利要求所涵盖。
Claims (3)
1. 一种锅炉尾部烟气余热利用装置，设在锅炉烟道(2)的尾部，包括设在所述锅炉烟道 ⑵内的空气预热器(1)，所述空气预热器⑴连接进风通道(7)，其特征在于，还包括低低温 省煤器(3)和暖风装置(4)，所述低低温省煤器(3)包括通过第一循环管道(33)相连的第一 吸热段(31)和第一放热段(32)，所述暖风装置⑷包括通过第二循环管道(43)相连的第二 吸热段(41)和第二放热段(42)，所述第一吸热段(31)和所述第二吸热段(41)位于所述空气 预热器(1)下游的锅炉烟道⑵内并沿烟气流动方向顺序布置;所述第一放热段(32)连接有 进水管道(10)，所述第二放热段(42)位于所述进风通道(7)内；所述进水管道（10)上设有升 压栗(8);所述进水管道(1〇)上设有流量调节阀⑼。
2. 根据权利要求1所述的锅炉尾部烟气余热利用装置，其特征在于：还包括控制装置 (6)，所述第二吸热段(41)上设有温度传感器(5)，所述温度传感器(5)和所述流量调节阀 ⑼分别与所述控制装置⑹相连。
3. 根据权利要求1所述的锅炉尾部烟气余热利用装置，其特征在于:所述锅炉的低压加 热器的出水管道与所述进水管道(10)相连接。
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| CN109959025B (zh) * | 2018-07-24 | 2020-06-09 | 青岛科技大学 | 一种智能通信控制的电站锅炉余热利用系统 |
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