CN206248252U - 一种锚杆轴向测力计 - Google Patents
一种锚杆轴向测力计 Download PDFInfo
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- CN206248252U CN206248252U CN201621322667.4U CN201621322667U CN206248252U CN 206248252 U CN206248252 U CN 206248252U CN 201621322667 U CN201621322667 U CN 201621322667U CN 206248252 U CN206248252 U CN 206248252U
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- dynamometer
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- 239000011888 foil Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 29
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Abstract
本实用新型提供一种锚杆轴向测力计，属于锚固测量技术领域。该测力计包括航插出线连接端、应变式应力传感器和锚杆连接件，应变式应力传感器位于航插出线连接端和锚杆连接件中间，应变式应力传感器内部装有8片电阻应变片，通过应变片测量锚杆的应力变化，应变片对称固定在应变式应力传感器内壁上，应变片分别引出两条脚线连接至航插出线连接端的航空插头上，并用环氧树脂胶灌封粘贴应变片和布线钻孔。该测力计安装维护简便，性能稳定可靠，适合在工程中应用，能精确测量工作锚杆的轴向锚固力。
Description
―种锚杆轴向测力计
技术领域
[0001] 本实用新型涉及锚固测量技术领域，特别是指一种锚杆轴向测力计。
背景技术
[0002] 随着国内地下工程日益增多，锚杆支护作为一种经济有效的支护方式，被许多工 程广泛使用。锚杆支护属于隐形支护，对其进行应力监测可以确保支护的质量和可靠性。
[0003] 国内常用的锚杆应力计主要包括液压式、振弦式以及应变式测力计。液压式测力 计的工作原理是外界压力通过锚杆将压力传递给液体，再通过机械仪表对液压的变化进行 观察。液压式测力计通常由手动加压栗、千斤顶两部分组成，使用时将锚杆或锚索从测力计 中心穿过，测力计处于钢垫座与工作锚之间。这种测力计的优点是结构较为可靠，缺点是数 据的读取和记录都要通过人工完成。振弦式测力计的工作原理是当被测结构物内部的应力 发生变化时，应变计同步感受变形，变形通过前、后端座传递给振弦转变成振弦应力的变 化，从而改变振弦的振动频率。电磁线圈激振振弦并测量其振动频率，频率信号经电缆传输 至读数装置，即可测出被测结构物内部的应变量。这种应变计安装时通常要放置在被测锚 杆中间或绑扎在被测锚杆上，安装过程较为繁琐。应变式测力计的工作原理是把压力的变 化转换成电阻的变化进行测量，其原理简单，传感器体积较小，生产及安装成本较低。
[0004] 目前国内常用的锚杆或锚索测力计多为液压式测力计，也有工程用钢筋测力计代 替锚杆测力计进行检测，这类测力计多为振弦式测力计。应变式测力计目前多用于实验室 试验的应力应变测量。中国发明专利CN102721494A公开了一种地下工程模型试验用锚杆测 力计，采用金属圆管及光纤光栅传感器实现应力测量，安装时固定在托盘与锚具之间，测量 的是锚头受力状态;而传感器需要通过光纤接到数据采集系统中，光纤在施工过程中容易 损坏，不方便设备的维护。且该测力计的工业设计方面尚不完善，难以承担现场应力的测量 工作。 实用新型内容
[0005] 本实用新型要解决的技术问题是提供一种锚杆轴向测力计，安装维护简便，性能 稳定可靠，适合在工程中应用，能精确测量工作锚杆的轴向锚固力。
[0006] 该测力计包括航插出线连接端、应变式应力传感器和锚杆连接件，应变式应力传 感器为圆筒形，航插出线连接端和锚杆连接件分别位于应变式应力传感器前后两端，应变 式应力传感器内部装有八片电阻应变片，通过应变片测量锚杆的应力变化，应变片分别引 出两条脚线连接至航插出线连接端的航空插头上，应变片通过环氧树脂胶粘贴在应变式应 力传感器内壁，航插出线连接端用环氧树脂胶灌封。
[0007] 锚杆连接件连接锚杆应力计，航插出线连接端连接无线数据发射器或应变采集系 统。
[0008] 应变片分为四片纵向应变片和四片横向应变片，应变片组成等臂全桥式电路，对 称固定在应变式应力传感器内壁上。
[0009]测力计按上述制作完毕后，进行室内试验标定。在实验室模拟现场潮湿环境，将测 力锚杆放置48h以上，然后用压力机进行标定，记录不同吨位时的应变值，最后绘制出应力 与应变曲线。
[0010] 本实用新型的上述技术方案的有益效果如下：
[0011] 本实用新型采用应变式传感器，将应变片固定在测力计内部，所用易损部件及导 线全部布设在测力计内部，增加了测力计的稳定性，更加方便其使用和维护，使之能够在现 场复杂的环境条件下保持长期稳定工作。具体为：
[0012] (1)本实用新型通过螺纹连接端与不同型号的锚杆直接连接，利用电阻应变片直 接测量锚杆的应变，从而得出轴向应力。而现有测力计大多固定在托盘与锚具之间，测得的 是锚头的应力。相比之下，本实用新型测得的数据更加可靠。
[0013] (2)应变片安装密封在传感器内部，导线通过测力计尾部的集中插头导出固定，设 计紧凑，体积较小，易于在现场进行安装和维护，从而使测力计拥有良好的工业适用性，可 以适应现场的各种复杂条件。
[0014] (3)被测锚杆在安装应力监测装置的同时不影响其正常工作，简化了测量要求，便 于施工过程中对锚杆的应力变化情况进行监测。
[0015] 因此该锚杆应变监测装置具有很好的推广意义。
附图说明
[0016] 图1为本实用新型的锚杆轴向测力计安装位置示意图；
[0017] 图2为本实用新型的锚杆轴向测力计结构示意图；
[0018] 图3为图2中A-A剖面示意图；
[0019] 图4为图3中B-B剖面示意图；
[0020] 图5为应变片组成的等臂全桥式电路示意图。
[0021] 其中：1一锚杆轴向测力计;2—航空插头;3—航插出线连接端;4一应变式应力传 感器;5—锚杆连接件;6—锁紧螺母;7—钢垫座;8—岩土体;9一工作锚杆;10—应变片。
具体实施方式
[0022] 为使本实用新型要解决的技术问题、技术方案和优点更加清楚，下面将结合附图 及具体实施例进行详细描述。
[0023] 本实用新型提供一种锚杆轴向测力计。如图2所示，该测力计的应变式应力传感器 4为圆筒形，航插出线连接端3和锚杆连接件5分别位于应变式应力传感器4前后两端，如图3 和图4所示，应变式应力传感器4内部装有八片电阻应变片10,应变片1〇分别引出两条脚线 连接至航插出线连接端3的航空插头2上，应变片1〇通过环氧树脂胶粘贴在应变式应力传感 器4内壁，航插出线连接端3用环氧树脂胶灌封。
[0024] 其中，锚杆连接件5用于连接锚杆应力计，航插出线连接端3连接无线数据发射器 或应变采集系统。
[0025] 如图5所示，应变片1〇分为四片纵向应变片和四片横向应变片，应变片（10)组成等 臂全桥式电路，对称固定在应变式应力传感器(4)内壁上。
[0026] 上述锚杆轴向测力计的使用方法，包括如下步骤：
[0027] 标定测力计，得出关系曲线：将锚杆通过螺纹固定在测力计的锚杆连接件5上，将 应变片10组成的等臂全桥电路连接至应变采集系统，对锚杆施加拉力，采集应变值，得到锚 杆受力-测力计应变关系曲线。
[0028] 其中等臂全桥电路的工作原理如下：
[0029] Eg为输入电压，A U为输出电压，当电压Eg输入，电桥内四个桥臂的电阻应变片阻 值均相等，即四个桥臂的电阻值R1 = R2 = R3 = R4 = R，电桥的输出电压A U为0。开始加载后， 应变片的阻值发生变化，其中纵向应变片为拉伸应变，阻值增大为R+ A R1;横向应变片为压 缩应变，阻值减小为R— A R2,此时有差动电压输出，从而通过输出电压的变化反映锚杆的 受力情况(如图5)。对于等臂电桥，当桥臂应变片的电阻发生变化时，电桥的输出电压也随 之发生变化，且与应变呈线性关系。在桥臂电阻的变化量相同的情况下，等臂电桥的输出电 压比其他电桥大，灵敏度也更高。
[0030] 实际工程测定：如图1所示，将安装测力计的工作锚杆9安装至岩土体8预定区域， 锚杆轴向测力计1处于钢垫座7及锁紧螺母6和工作锚杆9之间，通过应变采集系统得到测力 计的应变，从而根据测定的应变-应力关系曲线得出锚杆的轴向应力值。
[0031]以上所述是本实用新型的优选实施方式，应当指出，对于本技术领域的普通技术 人员来说，在不脱离本实用新型所述原理的前提下，还可以做出若干改进和润饰，这些改进 和润饰也应视为本实用新型的保护范围。
Claims (3)
1. 一种锚杆轴向测力计，其特征在于:包括航插出线连接端(3)、应变式应力传感器(4) 和锚杆连接件(5)，应变式应力传感器⑷为圆筒形，航插出线连接端(3)和锚杆连接件(5) 分别位于应变式应力传感器⑷前后两端，应变式应力传感器内部装有八片电阻应变片 (10)，应变片（10)分别引出两条脚线连接至航插出线连接端⑶的航空插头⑵上，应变片 (10)通过环氧树脂胶粘贴在应变式应力传感器⑷内壁，航插出线连接端⑶用环氧树脂胶 灌封。
2. 根据权利要求1所述的锚杆轴向测力计，其特征在于:所述锚杆连接件(5)用于连接 锚杆应力计，所述航插出线连接端(3)连接无线数据发射器或应变采集系统。
3. 根据权利要求1所述的锚杆轴向测力计，其特征在于:所述应变片(1〇)分为四片纵向 应变片和四片横向应变片，应变片（10)组成等臂全桥式电路，对称固定在应变式应力传感 器⑷内壁上。
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN107630711A (zh) * | 2017-10-25 | 2018-01-26 | 中国矿业大学(北京) | 一种巷道围岩应力和位移的监测装置及方法 |
| CN109898566A (zh) * | 2019-01-25 | 2019-06-18 | 中国水利水电科学研究院 | 监测预应力锚索运行状态的新型锚索对中架 |
| CN111504533A (zh) * | 2020-05-09 | 2020-08-07 | 核工业井巷建设集团有限公司 | 一种顶管机机头及管道关键位置受力监测装置及方法 |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN107630711A (zh) * | 2017-10-25 | 2018-01-26 | 中国矿业大学(北京) | 一种巷道围岩应力和位移的监测装置及方法 |
| CN107630711B (zh) * | 2017-10-25 | 2019-08-16 | 中国矿业大学(北京) | 一种巷道围岩应力和位移的监测装置及方法 |
| CN109898566A (zh) * | 2019-01-25 | 2019-06-18 | 中国水利水电科学研究院 | 监测预应力锚索运行状态的新型锚索对中架 |
| CN109898566B (zh) * | 2019-01-25 | 2020-06-16 | 中国水利水电科学研究院 | 监测预应力锚索运行状态的锚索对中架 |
| CN111504533A (zh) * | 2020-05-09 | 2020-08-07 | 核工业井巷建设集团有限公司 | 一种顶管机机头及管道关键位置受力监测装置及方法 |
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