CN206136782U - Low big space sunlight greenhouse of heating suitable for severe cold district - Google Patents

Abstract

A low-heating large-space solar greenhouse suitable for alpine regions. It is to solve the problem of low thermal insulation performance of traditional solar greenhouses and short service life of thermal insulation equipment during low temperature seasons in alpine regions. The energy-saving solar greenhouse developed rapidly in the northern part of my country in the 1980s is the most important type of facility for the effective use of solar energy. Due to the low construction and operation costs of the energy-saving solar greenhouse, which is suitable for my country's national conditions, it has become the first choice for facility agricultural production in the northern part of my country. The main facilities play an extremely important role in my country's "vegetable basket" project. The utility model comprises five parts: an underground foundation, a back wall, east and west gables, a front roof and a back slope. The utility model is used in a solar greenhouse. The utility model relates to a low-heating large-space solar greenhouse suitable for alpine regions, relating to a solar greenhouse. It is to solve the problem of low thermal insulation performance of traditional solar greenhouses and short service life of thermal insulation equipment during low temperature seasons in alpine regions.

Description

A low-heating large-space solar greenhouse suitable for alpine regions

technical field

The utility model relates to a solar greenhouse

Background technique

As the main body of my country's protected agriculture industry, the solar greenhouse industry has become the industry with the highest effect in the agricultural planting industry in the past 20 years. It has made a great contribution to solving the problem of off-season supply of winter vegetables in northern my country for a long time. The initial stage of solar greenhouses can be traced back to the beginning of the 20th century. Ganwang Town, Haicheng City, Liaoning Province and Fuzhou Town, Wafangdian City, Liaoning Province began to use solar greenhouses to produce winter and spring fresh vegetables, and it was not until the late 1930s that it spread to the suburbs of Anshan. Solar greenhouses in this period were mainly glass greenhouses with civil structures. The gable and back walls were piled up with soil or grass mud, and the back roof was made of trusses and purlins, and the 3m one truss was supported by columns, so a 3m bay was used; the truss The roof is covered with sorghum straw and grass mud; the front roof is covered with glass, and paper quilts and straw thatch are used to keep warm at night. This production method continued until the early 1980s. This period is the initial stage of large-scale development of solar greenhouses. The overall improvement and development period of solar greenhouses began in the early 1990s and continued until the beginning of this century. During this period, the solar greenhouse achieved two leaps, one is the leap in area, the national popularization area reached 500,000 hm ² , of which about 100,000 hm ² was in liaoning, the birthplace of the solar greenhouse; the second is the structural performance and supporting technology of the solar greenhouse It has achieved a breakthrough in the production of temperature-loving fruits and vegetables with less heating in areas with the lowest temperature of -25°C and achieved high yields. The modernization development period of solar greenhouse started at the beginning of the 21st century, and it is estimated that this period will take 15 to 20 years to complete. At present, the third generation of energy-saving solar greenhouses has been developed, and researches on environmental control automation of solar greenhouses, standardization of vegetable production, harmlessness, and mechanization have begun.

Since the 1980s, facility horticulture with solar greenhouses as the main body has developed rapidly. By the end of 2003, the area of horticultural facilities including small sheds in China had reached more than 2.5 million hm ² , of which the large multi-span greenhouses were only about 700 hm ² , while the area of solar greenhouses was more than 600,000 hm ² , accounting for the total area of large-scale facilities such as greenhouses and greenhouses. About 50% of the area. The Northeast region accounts for about 80% of the entire greenhouse and greenhouse area. Large-scale facilities such as greenhouses and greenhouses account for more than 85% of the world's protected agricultural production area. At present, more than 95% of the total area of solar greenhouses are still mainly producing vegetables, but in recent years, the planting and breeding industries such as fruit trees and flowers in solar greenhouses are also developing rapidly.

At present, there are various types of solar greenhouses in production and application in my country, including: ordinary solar greenhouses, first-generation energy-saving solar greenhouses, second-generation energy-saving solar greenhouses, and third-generation energy-saving solar greenhouses. Among them, ordinary solar greenhouses with bamboo and wood structures are still the majority, the first and second generation energy-saving solar greenhouses account for about 35% to 40%, the third-generation energy-saving solar greenhouses are very few, and the unheated greenhouses account for the total. More than 95% of. The environmental control facilities and equipment of the second and third generation energy-saving solar greenhouses such as heat preservation, heating, ventilation, irrigation, and CO ₂ fertilization have been continuously improved, and hot air heating systems, electric roller shutter insulation systems, ventilation systems, and drip irrigation systems have begun. Widely used, individual greenhouses start simple automatic monitoring and control of the environment.

Utility model content

The utility model aims to solve the problem of overwintering anniversary production of horticultural crops in alpine regions and the small space of traditional solar greenhouses, realizes the automatic control of energy-saving solar greenhouses, and further provides low-heating and large-space solar greenhouses in alpine regions.

Low-heating and large-space solar greenhouses in alpine regions, referred to as greenhouses; the greenhouse adopts a frame structure, including five parts: underground foundation, back wall, east and west gables, front roof, and back slope. The greenhouse extends 64m from east to west, the internal clear span is 9m, and the height of the bottom chord distance ±0 of the highest point of the greenhouse is 3.42m; the soil surface of the greenhouse is lower than the greenhouse ±0, and the distance between the two is 1.2m; On the south side of the greenhouse, the width is about 1.2. The insulation quilt is used as the external insulation material; the main structure of the greenhouse consists of five parts: the underground foundation, the back wall, the east and west gables, the front roof, and the back slope. It is characterized in that: the foundation of the greenhouse lies below the permafrost layer, and an automatic roller shutter system is installed in front of the working path inside the greenhouse and outside the daylighting roof of the greenhouse. The automatic roller blind system is used to automatically roll up the quilt.

Design requirements for the underground foundation of the greenhouse and the greenhouse wall: the maximum buried depth of the groundwater at the selected construction site is required to be 1.0m lower than the local frozen layer; dig 1.6m from ±0 down and build a circle of 500mm thick brick walls as the underground foundation of the greenhouse. Set up a foundation with a height of 300mm and a width of 500mm at ±0. Set up a structural column every 3.0m on the above foundation and build the back wall, brick cement structure, using flower hole masonry; the thickness of the wall is 370mm, the height of the back wall is 2500mm, and the east and west sides are built on the underground foundation of the greenhouse The gable is perpendicular to the back wall, brick cement structure, and the thickness of the wall is 370mm, and on the outside of the underground brick wall foundation from ± 0 30cm to ± 0 80cm and the above-mentioned back wall, the external thickness is 100mm , Insulation benzene board with a density ≥ 16kg/m3, the insulation benzene board is required to be wrapped and sealed with plastic film. One forced exhaust device is installed on the east and west gables; the outside of the benzene plate layer of the east and west gables is sealed with cement hanging nets and brick steps are installed for operation.

Design requirements for the daylighting roof and back slope of the greenhouse: the daylighting roof of the greenhouse is made of 20mm×40mm galvanized square steel double-chord welding, the distance between the upper and lower chords is 30cm, and the distance between the skeleton is 1.05m; the horizontal projection from the front of the south side of the skeleton to the highest point is 7.3m, The design of this part of the skeleton adopts a three-segment composite arc design, and the outer side uses a two-fold agricultural special sun panel as a transparent covering material. An automatic ventilation window is set at the front of the south side at a position 0.3m above the ground ±0, and the width of the ventilation window is 0.7m. , East-west connection; the horizontal projection from the highest point of the daylighting roof to the rear wall is 1.5m, and the skeleton of this part adopts a straight slope design. The back slope of the greenhouse is made of 100mm thick thermal insulation color steel plate, which is laid on the straight slope skeleton. The gaps are sealed with styrofoam.

Compared with the traditional solar greenhouse, the utility model can save energy, increase the working space, and can keep the surface temperature above 0°C in winter without heating at all, and realize the continuous annual production of horticultural crops; solve the long-term troubles in northern my country The supply of vegetables in the off-season in winter has improved the utilization rate of energy and resources.

Beneficial effect:

1. The utility model can realize the overwintering of vegetables in the solar greenhouse in the alpine region under low heating conditions. The solar greenhouse adopts a lying mode, which can make full use of the temperature of the soil layer under the permafrost layer.

2. The utility model enlarges the working space of the solar greenhouse and makes full use of the solar greenhouse space.

3. The utility model enriches the vegetable baskets in cities, and alleviates the difficult problem of vegetable supply in winter and off-season in the alpine regions of our country.

4. The utility model can increase farmers' income, promote the introduction of large-scale agricultural enterprises, and help solve the problem of surplus labor in rural areas.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is a sectional view of the utility model with a ratio of 1:100.

Fig. 2 is a basic plan view of the utility model with a ratio of 1:100.

Fig. 3 is the north elevation view of the utility model.

detailed description

One: The following describes this embodiment in conjunction with Figure 1. The low-heating and large-space solar greenhouse in the alpine region described in this embodiment includes an inner room and an outer thermal insulation frame solar panel greenhouse, an outer thermal insulation galvanized square steel frame, a solar panel and thermal insulation color The steel plate buckle cover is above the inner chamber.

Two: The utility model design has an internal net span of 9 meters, and a height of ±0 under the highest point of the greenhouse is 3.42 meters.

Three: the horizontal level of the foundation of the inner chamber is 1.6m, (the local permafrost is 0.6m, and the utility model’s lying height should be greater than the local permafrost, and about 2m away from the groundwater level to prevent waterlogging) to ensure that it is not affected by waterlogging The low temperature effect of the permafrost layer in winter greatly reduces the energy consumed by heating, and realizes that the soil surface of the greenhouse is kept below ±0 in the greenhouse without heating.

Four: The utility model is equipped with an automatic roller blind system outside, and quilts are laid outside the 2+1 sunshine board, which can realize automatic control through the automatic roller blind system.

Five: The rear wall of the utility model adopts flower hole type masonry. The above-ground and underground external heat preservation measures are: benzene board glue + plastic glass fiber mesh. The specific method is to dig a cold-proof ditch with a depth of 0.6-0.8 meters and a width of 0.4 meters at the foot of the front house of the utility model, spread old films around it, and fill it with benzene. Board glue + plastic glass fiber mesh + 100mm thick benzene board.

Six: The working path in the inner room of the utility model is front-mounted, which greatly saves the utilization of the lighting area and provides more space for the greenhouse. The specific method is to move the working path in front of the rear wall to the front.

Claims (6)

1. A low-heating large-space solar greenhouse suitable for alpine regions, characterized in that: the greenhouse extends 64m from east to west, the internal net span is 9m, the height of the chord distance ±0 of the highest point of the greenhouse is 3.42m; the soil surface of the greenhouse is low ±0 in the greenhouse, the distance between the two is 1.2m; the east-west working passage in the greenhouse is set on the south side of the greenhouse, with a width of about 1.2m; thermal insulation quilts are used as external insulation materials; the main structure of the greenhouse consists of underground foundations, rear walls, east-west It consists of five parts: the gable, the front roof and the back slope. It is characterized in that: the foundation of the greenhouse lies below the permafrost layer, and an automatic roller shutter system is installed in front of the working path inside the greenhouse and outside the daylighting roof of the greenhouse. The automatic roller blind system is used to automatically roll up the quilt. 2. A kind of low-heating large-space solar greenhouse suitable for alpine regions according to claim 1, the design requirements of its underground foundation: the maximum buried depth of groundwater at the selected construction site requires more than 1.0m lower than the local frozen layer; from Dig 1.6m down at ±0 and build a 500mm thick brick wall as the underground foundation of the greenhouse, and set up a brick foundation at ±0. And on the outside of the underground brick wall foundation from ± 30cm above 0 to ± 80cm below 0, thermal insulation benzene boards with a thickness of 10cm and a density ≥ 16kg/ ^m3 are hung outside, and the insulation benzene boards are required to be wrapped and sealed with plastic film. 3. A low-heating large-space solar greenhouse suitable for alpine regions according to claim 1, the rear wall is built on the brick foundation, and its design requirements: extend from east to west, set a structural column every 3.0m, and the rear wall Flower-hole masonry is adopted; the thickness of the wall is 37cm, the height of the back wall is 2.5m, and the outside of the back wall is hung with a 10cm-thick thermal insulation benzene board with a density of ≥16kg/m ³ , and the outside is sealed with a cement hanging net. 4. A low-heating large-space solar greenhouse suitable for alpine regions according to claim 1, the gables on the east and west sides are built on the brick foundation, and its design requirements: the direction is perpendicular to the back wall, the brick cement structure, the wall The thickness is 37cm, and the insulation benzene board with a thickness of 10cm and a density ≥ 16kg/ ^m3 is hung on the outside, sealed with cement; one forced exhaust device is installed on the east and west gables; Brick steps. 5. A low-heating large-space solar greenhouse suitable for alpine regions according to claim 1, the design requirements of the front roof: the framework of the daylighting roof is 20mm×40mm galvanized square steel double-chord welding, the distance between the upper and lower chords is 30cm, The distance between the skeletons is 1.05m; the horizontal projection from the front of the south side of the skeleton to the highest point is 7.3m. An automatic ventilation window is installed 0.3m above the ground ±0. The width of the ventilation window is 0.7m and runs through from east to west; the horizontal projection from the highest point of the daylighting roof to the rear wall is 1.5m, and the skeleton of this part adopts a straight slope design. 6. A low-heating and large-space solar greenhouse suitable for alpine regions according to claim 1, the design requirements for the back slope: use 100mm thick thermal insulation color steel plates and lay them on the straight slope skeleton. The gaps are sealed with styrofoam.