CN206135816U - A solar photovoltaic power generation detection system based on Hall voltage sensor - Google Patents

Abstract

A solar photovoltaic power generation detection system based on Hall voltage sensors, including a data processing computer for real-time monitoring of the operating status of photovoltaic modules, characterized in that it includes a voltage stabilization circuit unit, a voltage signal acquisition circuit unit, a data processing circuit unit, and a dial switch Unit and CAN bus data transmission circuit unit; its advantages: high Hall voltage measurement accuracy, large measurement range, fast response speed, good linearity of measurement method, not affected by external environmental factors, and real-time monitoring of solar panels .

Description

A solar photovoltaic power generation detection system based on Hall voltage sensor

(1) Technical field:

The utility model is used in the field of real-time detection of solar photovoltaic power generation components. It monitors the voltage of the photovoltaic power generation system in real time and uploads data, so as to understand the operating status of the photovoltaic components at the first time; especially a kind of solar photovoltaic power generation based on the Hall voltage sensor. Detection system; mainly involves the real-time detection of the output voltage of the photovoltaic power generation system by the Hall sensor and the CAN bus data transmission technology.

(two) background technology:

With the continuous development of modern industrialization, solar energy, as a clean and non-polluting renewable energy, can be continuously utilized. Driven by the national new energy policy, the output and production capacity of China's solar photovoltaic products continue to increase. At the same time, the detection and maintenance of photovoltaic power generation components has also become a primary issue.

At present, most photovoltaic power generation systems use DC power supply. Practical experience shows that among all the parameters of photovoltaic modules, the output voltage of photovoltaic modules can best reflect the current status of photovoltaic modules. The power generation of photovoltaic modules can be judged according to the output voltage, and whether the current voltage exceeds the allowable limit voltage. It can also judge the uniformity of photovoltaic modules and so on. Therefore, it is very important to measure the output terminal voltage of the photovoltaic module.

The key to monitoring the working state of solar panels lies in the collection of output voltage signals of solar panels. Due to the large number of solar panels connected in series, the voltage of the whole group is very high, and there is a potential connection between each solar panel, so it is difficult to measure directly. In the process of researching the monitoring system of solar panels, people have proposed many methods to measure the terminal voltage of a single panel of a series-connected panel group.

Existing measurement technologies mainly include common mode measurement method, differential mode measurement method, relay switching extraction voltage, V/F conversion non-contact sampling extraction voltage, and floating ground technology to measure battery terminal voltage.

Compared with the existing photovoltaic module voltage monitoring system, the utility model has the advantage of selecting the Hall voltage sensor to measure the voltage. Compared with the common mode measurement method, the Hall voltage measurement accuracy is higher, and the accuracy in the working temperature range is better than 1%. The accuracy is suitable for the measurement of any waveform, which can effectively improve the disadvantages of the low accuracy of the common mode measurement method; compared with the differential mode measurement method, the Hall voltage measurement range is large, and the voltage measurement can reach 6400V, which is largely superior to the differential mode measurement The method solves the problem of the small measurement range of the differential mode measurement method; in contrast, the relay switching extraction voltage method makes the accuracy lower, and the shortcomings of capacitor charging and discharging time and device action delay sampling time such as transistors and isolation cores are also very short. Obviously; the disadvantage of using V/F conversion as an A/D converter is slow response speed, poor linearity in the small signal range, and low precision, while the Hall voltage measurement method has good linearity, better than 0.1%; floating ground technology Measuring the battery terminal voltage, the ground potential often changes due to on-site interference, which affects the measurement accuracy of the entire system. In contrast, the Hall voltage measurement method measures the voltage based on the Hall effect, and is not affected by external environmental factors to ensure that the measurement accuracy is not high. will change.

In addition, the existing voltage detection scheme is only a single voltage measurement, which cannot achieve real-time data sharing, is cumbersome to use, and is not suitable for on-site operation of photovoltaic power generation systems. Another advantage of the utility model compared with the existing voltage detection system is that the data can be uploaded in real time. The utility model adopts the CAN bus data transmission mode, and the data can be uploaded to the upper computer in real time, which is unmatched by other single voltage monitoring systems. of.

Considering the particularity of the photovoltaic power generation system and combining the advantages and disadvantages of the existing measurement methods, the utility model uses a Hall voltage sensor to measure the voltage of the series battery board group. The Hall sensor is a magnetic field sensor made according to the Hall effect.

(3) Contents of utility model:

The purpose of this utility model is to provide a solar photovoltaic power generation detection system based on a Hall voltage sensor, which can overcome the deficiencies of the prior art. It is a system with simple structure, convenient operation, and real-time monitoring of the working status of photovoltaic modules.

The technical scheme of the utility model: a solar photovoltaic power generation detection system based on a Hall voltage sensor, including a data processing computer for real-time monitoring of the operating state of the photovoltaic module, which is characterized in that it includes a voltage stabilization circuit unit, a voltage signal acquisition circuit unit, a data Processing circuit unit, dial switch unit and CAN bus data transmission circuit unit; wherein the input terminal of the voltage signal acquisition circuit unit collects the voltage signal of the solar panel, and its output terminal is connected to the input terminal of the data processing circuit unit; The input end of the CAN bus data transmission circuit unit is connected to the output end of the data processing circuit unit, and its output end is connected with a data processing computer for real-time monitoring of the operating state of the photovoltaic module through the CAN bus; the voltage stabilization circuit unit is a voltage signal acquisition circuit unit, The data processing circuit unit and the CAN bus data transmission circuit unit provide stable power; the dial switch unit is connected to the input end of the data processing circuit unit.

The voltage signal acquisition circuit unit includes N voltage signal acquisition circuits; N is a positive integer greater than or equal to 1; the value of N corresponds to the number of panels in the connected solar photovoltaic array that needs to be detected; the solar photovoltaic array It is an X*Y dimensional array, wherein X is the number of solar panels connected in series; a branch is formed by X solar panels; Y is the number of branches connected in parallel; the voltage signal acquisition circuit unit The number N=Y; the number of voltage signal acquisition circuits in each voltage signal acquisition circuit unit is X+1; the number of voltage signal acquisition circuits required in the photovoltaic array is N=X*Y+Y.

The voltage signal acquisition circuit is composed of a Hall sensor H, a resistor R, a capacitor C and a terminal J; wherein the Hall sensor H has 1 pin, 3 pins, 4 pins, 5 pins, and 6 tubes pin and 8 pins; the two terminals of the terminal J are respectively connected to the 1 pin of the Hall sensor H and the 8 pins of the Hall sensor H; one end of the resistor R is connected to the Hall sensor H 6 pins are connected, the other end of which is connected to one end of the capacitor C, and at the same time connected to the input end of the data processing circuit unit; the other end of the capacitor C is grounded; the 3 pins of the Hall sensor H are connected to a 15V power supply; the Pin 4 of the Hall sensor H is empty; pin 5 of the Hall sensor H is grounded.

The solar photovoltaic array is a 6*4-dimensional array with 4 branches; the number of the voltage signal acquisition circuit units is 4; each of the voltage signal acquisition circuit units is composed of 7 voltage signal acquisition circuits , respectively recorded as voltage signal acquisition circuit I, voltage signal acquisition circuit II, voltage signal acquisition circuit III, voltage signal acquisition circuit IV, voltage signal acquisition circuit V, voltage signal acquisition circuit VI and voltage signal acquisition circuit VII; wherein, the Voltage signal acquisition circuit I, voltage signal acquisition circuit II, voltage signal acquisition circuit III, voltage signal acquisition circuit IV, voltage signal acquisition circuit V, voltage signal acquisition circuit VI respectively collect the voltage signals of 6 solar photovoltaic panels; The signal collection circuit VII collects the total voltage signal of the whole branch.

Described voltage signal acquisition circuit I is made up of Hall sensor H1, connection terminal J5, resistance R101, electric capacity C101; The two terminals of described connection terminal J5 are respectively connected with Hall sensor H1 to have 1 pin and Hall sensor H1 between the 8 pins; one end of the resistor R101 is connected to the 6 pins of the Hall sensor H1, the other end is connected to one end of the capacitor C101, and simultaneously connected to the input end of the data processing circuit unit; the other end of the capacitor C101 One end is grounded; pin 3 of the Hall sensor H1 is connected to a 15V power supply; pin 4 of the Hall sensor H1 is empty; pin 5 of the Hall sensor H1 is grounded;

The voltage signal acquisition circuit II is composed of a Hall sensor H2, a connection terminal J6, a resistor R102, and a capacitor C102; the two terminals of the connection terminal J6 are respectively connected to the Hall sensor H2 with 1 pin and the Hall sensor H2 between the 8 pins; one end of the resistor R102 is connected to the 6 pins of the Hall sensor H2, the other end is connected to one end of the capacitor C102, and is connected to the input end of the data processing circuit unit; the other end of the capacitor C102 One end is grounded; pin 3 of the Hall sensor H2 is connected to a 15V power supply; pin 4 of the Hall sensor H2 is empty; pin 5 of the Hall sensor H2 is grounded;

The voltage signal acquisition circuit III is composed of a Hall sensor H3, a connection terminal J7, a resistor R103, and a capacitor C103; the two terminals of the connection terminal J7 are respectively connected to the Hall sensor H3 with 1 pin and the Hall sensor H3 between the 8 pins; one end of the resistor R103 is connected to the 6 pins of the Hall sensor H3, the other end is connected to one end of the capacitor C103, and is connected to the input end of the data processing circuit unit; the other end of the capacitor C103 One end is grounded; pin 3 of the Hall sensor H3 is connected to a 15V power supply; pin 4 of the Hall sensor H3 is empty; pin 5 of the Hall sensor H3 is grounded;

The voltage signal acquisition circuit IV is composed of a Hall sensor H4, a connection terminal J8, a resistor R104, and a capacitor C104; the two terminals of the connection terminal J8 are respectively connected to the Hall sensor H4 with 1 pin and the Hall sensor H4 between the 8 pins; one end of the resistor R104 is connected to the 6 pins of the Hall sensor H4, the other end is connected to one end of the capacitor C104, and is connected to the input end of the data processing circuit unit; the other end of the capacitor C104 One end is grounded; pin 3 of the Hall sensor H4 is connected to a 15V power supply; pin 4 of the Hall sensor H4 is empty; pin 5 of the Hall sensor H4 is grounded;

The voltage signal acquisition circuit V is composed of a Hall sensor H5, a connection terminal J9, a resistor R105, and a capacitor C105; the two terminals of the connection terminal J9 are connected to the Hall sensor H5 with 1 pin and the Hall sensor H5 respectively. between the 8 pins; one end of the resistor R105 is connected to the 6 pins of the Hall sensor H5, and the other end is connected to one end of the capacitor C105, and is connected to the input end of the data processing circuit unit; the other end of the capacitor C105 One end is grounded; pin 3 of the Hall sensor H5 is connected to a 15V power supply; pin 4 of the Hall sensor H5 is empty; pin 5 of the Hall sensor H5 is grounded;

The voltage signal acquisition circuit VI is composed of a Hall sensor H6, a connection terminal J10, a resistor R106, and a capacitor C106; the two terminals of the connection terminal J10 are respectively connected to the Hall sensor H6 with 1 pin and the Hall sensor H6 between the 8 pins; one end of the resistor R106 is connected to the 6 pins of the Hall sensor H6, and the other end is connected to one end of the capacitor C106, and simultaneously connected to the input end of the data processing circuit unit; the other end of the capacitor C106 One end is grounded; pin 3 of the Hall sensor H6 is connected to a 15V power supply; pin 4 of the Hall sensor H6 is empty; pin 5 of the Hall sensor H6 is grounded.

The Hall sensor H1, Hall sensor H2, Hall sensor H3, Hall sensor H4, Hall sensor H5, and Hall sensor H6 are Hall voltage sensors whose model is NHS01.

The voltage signal acquisition circuit VII is composed of a Hall sensor H7, a connection terminal J11, a resistor R107, and a capacitor C107; the Hall sensor H7 has 1 pin, 5 pins, 6 pins, 7 pins, and 9 tubes pin and pin 10; the two terminals of the connecting terminal J11 are respectively connected between pin 1 of the Hall sensor H7 and pin 5 of the Hall sensor H7; one end of the resistor R107 is connected to the pin of the Hall sensor H7 9 pins are connected, the other end of which is connected to one end of the capacitor C107, and at the same time connected to the input end of the data processing circuit unit; the other end of the capacitor C107 is grounded; the 10 pins of the Hall sensor H7 are connected to a 15V power supply; the Pin 6 of the Hall sensor H7 is empty; pin 7 of the Hall sensor H7 is grounded.

The Hall sensor H7 is a Hall voltage sensor with a model number of IHV001.

The data processing circuit unit is composed of a single-chip microcomputer U1, a resistor R28, a resistor R1, a resistor R5, a capacitor C10, a capacitor C1, a capacitor C2, a capacitor C3, a crystal oscillator Y1, an LED lamp L2, and a connection terminal J1; wherein the capacitor C10 One end of the capacitor is connected to the single-chip microcomputer U1, and the other end is grounded; one end of the capacitor C1 and the capacitor C2 are connected to the ground at the same time, and the other end is connected to the two ends of the crystal oscillator Y1 respectively; the two ends of the crystal oscillator Y1 are also respectively connected to the single-chip microcomputer U1; One end of the resistor R28 is connected to the microcontroller U1, and the other end is connected to the terminal J1; one end of the capacitor C3 is connected to the terminal J1; the other end is grounded; one end of the resistor R1 is connected to the terminal J1; the other end is connected to the terminal J1; Power supply VCC; the connecting terminal J1 is also connected to the power supply VCC; one end of the resistor R5 is connected to the single chip microcomputer U1, and the other end is connected to one end of the LED lamp L2; the other end of the LED lamp L2 is grounded; the connecting terminal J1 is connected to the USB port of the data processing computer for real-time monitoring of the operating status of the photovoltaic modules according to the programming line.

Described single-chip microcomputer U1 is PIC18F25K80 single-chip microcomputer chip, totally 28 pins, numbered counterclockwise from MCLR/RE3 pin, are recorded as No. 1 pin～No. 28 pins successively; Described connecting terminal J1 is single-chip microcomputer programming interface and The connecting terminal used for debugging program has 6 pins, and the labels are marked as interface No. 1 to interface No. 6; pin No. 2, pin No. 3, pin No. 4, and pin No. 5 of the single-chip microcomputer U1 , No. 7 pins, No. 21 pins and No. 22 pins are respectively connected to the resistor R101 in the voltage signal acquisition circuit I, the resistor R102 in the voltage signal acquisition circuit II, the resistor R103 in the voltage signal acquisition circuit III, and the voltage signal acquisition circuit IV. Resistor R104, resistor R105 in the voltage signal acquisition circuit V, resistor R106 in the voltage signal acquisition circuit VI, resistor R107 in the voltage signal acquisition circuit VII; No. 6 pins of the single-chip microcomputer U1 are connected to one end of the capacitor C10; the single-chip microcomputer U1 No. 8 pins are grounded; No. 9 pins and No. 10 pins of the single-chip microcomputer U1 are connected to the two ends of the crystal oscillator Y1 respectively; No. 1 pins of the single-chip microcomputer U1 are connected to one end of the resistor R28; the wiring The No. 1 interface of the terminal J1 is connected to the other end of the resistor R28; the No. 1 interface of the terminal J1 is connected to one end of the capacitor C3; the No. 1 interface of the terminal J1 is connected to one end of the resistor R1; the terminal No. 2 interface of J1 is connected to power supply VCC; its No. 3 interface is grounded, No. 4 interface is connected to No. 28 pin of single-chip microcomputer U1, and No. 5 interface is connected to No. 27 pin of single-chip microcomputer U1; No. 26 pin of said single-chip microcomputer U1 is connected to resistor R5 One end of the single-chip microcomputer U1 is connected to the ground; the single-chip microcomputer U1 has input and output pins, that is, pins 2 to 5, pins 7, pins 21 to 28, and pins 11 to 28. Pin No. 18, of which No. 11 to No. 18 pins are respectively connected to the manual selection switch of the DIP switch unit.

The crystal oscillator Y1 chooses 16MHz to constitute the minimum system of a single-chip microcomputer.

The voltage stabilizing circuit unit shown is composed of capacitor C4, capacitor C5, capacitor CV2, capacitor CV3, diode D1, diode D2, terminal J2, terminal J4, power chip MC7805 and power chip MC7815; the positive end of the capacitor C4 is connected to The power supply VCC, the negative terminal is grounded; the positive terminal of the capacitor C5 is connected to the +15V power supply, and the negative terminal is grounded; the positive terminal of the capacitor CV2 is connected to the +24V DC power supply, and the negative terminal is grounded; the positive terminal of the capacitor CV3 is connected to the +24V DC power supply , the negative pole is grounded; the negative pole of the diode D1 is connected to the voltage input port Vin terminal of the power chip MC7805, and its positive pole is connected to the interface terminal J2; the negative pole of the diode D2 is connected to the voltage input port Vin terminal of the power chip MC7815, Its positive terminal is connected with the interface terminal J2; the terminal of the terminal J2 is also connected with the ground and the single-chip microcomputer U1; the terminal of the terminal J2 also has two empty terminals; the terminals of the terminal J4 are respectively connected with the wiring The non-empty terminal of terminal J2 is connected; the voltage output port Vout of the power chip MC7805 outputs +5V voltage, and its GND port is grounded; the voltage output port Vout of the power chip MC7815 outputs +15V voltage, and its GND port is grounded.

The dial switch unit is an 8-bit manual selection switch, which is composed of 8 independent switches, and each manual selection switch is connected to 8 I/O pins of the single-chip microcomputer U1, that is, connected to No. 11-No. 18 of the single-chip microcomputer U1 pin.

The data transmission circuit unit includes a communication transceiver chip U6, a voltage divider resistor R2, a voltage divider resistor R3, a common mode filter inductor L3, a CAN bus filter amplifier circuit, a TVS diode Z1, a TVS diode Z2, a fuse F1 and a fuse F2 constitutes; the two ends of the voltage dividing resistor R2 are respectively connected with the communication transceiver chip U6 and the single-chip microcomputer U1; the two ends of the voltage dividing resistor R3 are respectively connected with the communication transceiver chip U6 and the single-chip microcomputer U1; The mode filter inductor L3 is connected; the input terminal of the CAN bus filter amplifier circuit is connected with the common mode filter inductor L3, and its output terminal is respectively connected with the transient suppression diode Z1, the transient suppression diode Z2, the insurance F1 and the insurance F2.

The CAN bus filter amplifier circuit is composed of capacitor C6, capacitor C7, capacitor C8, resistor R10, resistor R11, resistor R12 and resistor R13; the communication transceiver chip U6 (see Fig. 4) is a CAN transceiver chip of TJA1040 ; The communication interface of the TJA1040 communication chip and the single-chip microcomputer PIC18F25K80 is connected by the CAN bus communication mode; the communication transceiver chip U6 has 8 pins, which are respectively recorded as No. 1 pins to No. 8 pins; The two ends of the resistor R2 are respectively connected to the No. 1 pin of the communication transceiver chip U6 and the No. 23 pin of the single-chip microcomputer U1; the two ends of the voltage dividing resistor R3 are respectively connected to the No. 4 pin of the communication transceiver chip U6 and the No. The No. 24 pin is connected; the No. 2 pin of the communication transceiver chip U6 is grounded, the No. 3 pin is connected to the power supply VCC, and the No. 8 pin is grounded; the No. 6 pin and the No. 7 pin of the communication transceiver chip U6 are respectively Connected to the common mode filter inductor L3; one end of the capacitor C6 is connected to the common mode filter inductor L3, and the other end is grounded; one end of the capacitor C7 is connected to the common mode filter inductor L3, and the other end is grounded; one end of the resistor R10 is connected to the common mode filter inductor The inductor L3 is connected, the other end of which is connected to one end of the capacitor C8, and the other end of the capacitor C8 is grounded; one end of the R11 is connected to the common-mode filter inductor L3, and the other end is connected to one end of the capacitor C8; one end of the R12 is connected to the common-mode filter inductor L3 is connected, the other end of which is connected to one end of the TVS diode Z1, and the other end of the TVS diode Z1 is grounded; one end of the R13 is connected to the common mode filter inductor L3, and the other end thereof is connected to one end of the TVS diode Z2 , the other end of the TVS diode Z2 is grounded; one end of the insurance F1 is connected to the TVS diode Z1, and the other end is connected to the terminal J2; the insurance F2 is connected to the TVS diode Z2, and the other end is connected to the TVS diode Z2. terminal J2 connection.

The common-mode filter inductor L3 has four terminals, which are respectively recorded as terminal No. 1 to terminal No. 4; the No. 1 terminal, No. 2 terminal, No. 3 terminal, and No. 4 terminal of the common-mode filter inductor L3 are respectively connected with the communication transceiver The No. 7 pin of the chip U6, the capacitor C6, the capacitor C7, and the No. 6 pin of the communication transceiver chip U6 are connected; the No. 2 terminal and the No. 3 terminal of the common mode filter inductor L3 are also connected to the resistor R10 and the resistor R11 respectively; The No. 2 terminal and No. 3 terminal of the common mode filter inductor L3 are also connected to the resistor R12 and the resistor R13 respectively.

Working process of the present utility model:

① Connect the external +24V DC power supply to one end of terminal J2 through the voltage stabilizing circuit unit, and one end of terminal J2 is connected to power chips MC7805 and MC7815. MC7805 converts 24V power to +5V, and MC7815 converts 24V power to +15V; The +5V DC power supply is used to power the microcontroller, and the +15V DC power supply is used to power the Hall sensor;

②The voltage of the solar panel is collected by the Hall sensor H in the voltage signal acquisition circuit unit. After the Hall sensor H collects the voltage of the solar panel, a Hall effect is generated internally to obtain a voltage signal of 0-5V, and the voltage signal flows to the data The single-chip microcomputer U1 in the processing circuit, the voltage dividing resistor R between the single-chip microcomputer U1 and each Hall sensor acts as a voltage divider to prevent excessive induced voltage from damaging the single-chip microcomputer;

③The single-chip microcomputer U1 in the data processing circuit receives the voltage signal output by the Hall sensor H, and the A/D module inside the single-chip microcomputer U1 performs digital-to-analog conversion on it, converts the analog signal into a digital signal, and passes the internal program of the single-chip microcomputer U1 as follows The formula performs data calculation and corresponding analysis and processing:

Measured voltage = ((ad result sampling) * reference) / AD digits, 8 AD digits = 256

The obtained detection results are stored in the internal register of the single-chip microcomputer U1, and then the internal ECAN module outputs the detection results to the CAN bus data transmission circuit unit through the CAN bus technology; the internal ECAN module pins of the single-chip microcomputer U1 pass the CAN bus data transmission circuit unit The voltage dividing resistor R2 and the voltage dividing resistor R3 are connected to the communication transceiver chip U6; the LED light L2 in the data processing circuit unit can distinguish the working state of the single-chip microcomputer, and the indicator light L2 will flicker when the single-chip microcomputer is in the working state; The terminal J1 is connected with the USB interface of the data processing computer that monitors the operating status of the photovoltaic module in real time according to the programming line, and the program downloading, writing and running debugging of the single-chip microcomputer U1 can be realized through the computer;

④ Set the station number of each solar photovoltaic power generation detection system based on the Hall voltage sensor through the DIP switch. Each bit of the DIP switch is connected to the I/O pin of the single-chip microcomputer U1, and each bit has two types of on/off State, dialing up manually means writing 1 to the microcontroller, and dialing down manually means writing 0 to the microcontroller. The output of the dial switch is equivalent to an 8-digit binary number, that is, 0000 0000-1111 1111. Manually adjust the dial The 8 switch contacts of the code switch generate an 8-digit binary number, that is, the station number of a detection system. Each individual voltage detection system is equivalent to a node in the CAN bus, and each node has a different Station number, so as to distinguish the identity of each node in the bus system;

⑤The voltage signal obtained by the data transmission circuit unit flows to the communication transceiver chip U6 through the voltage dividing resistor R2 and the voltage dividing resistor R3. The communication transceiver chip U6 has a CAN bus communication protocol, and communicates with it after receiving the voltage data transmitted by the single chip microcomputer U1 Protocol conversion, the converted voltage data signal flows to the common mode filter inductor L3, filters out the interference components in the signal, and passes through the voltage division protection of the resistor R12 and the resistor R13, and passes through the TVS diode Z1 and the TVS diode Z2 It flows to insurance F1 and insurance F2, and finally connects to the external CAN bus through terminal J2, and uploads the measured voltage data to the data processing computer that monitors the operating status of photovoltaic modules in real time through the CAN bus to complete the entire detection process.

The working principle of the utility model: the utility model is a voltage detection system invented based on the Hall voltage sensor, and the Hall sensor is a magnetic field sensor made according to the Hall effect. The Hall effect is a type of magnetoelectric effect, which was discovered while studying the conduction mechanism of metals. Later, it was found that semiconductors and conductive fluids also have this effect, and the Hall effect of semiconductors is much stronger than that of metals. Various Hall elements made of this phenomenon are widely used in industrial automation technology, detection technology and information processing, etc. aspect.

Compared with other existing methods, the Hall sensor for voltage detection has the following advantages in use: 1. The Hall sensor can measure the voltage of any waveform, such as: DC, AC, pulse waveform, etc., even the measurement of the transient peak value. The secondary current faithfully reflects the waveform of the primary current. The ordinary transformer is incomparable, it is generally only suitable for measuring 50Hz sine wave; 2. There is good electrical isolation between the primary circuit and the secondary circuit, and the isolation voltage can reach 9600Vrms; 3. High precision: in The accuracy in the working temperature range is better than 1%, which is suitable for the measurement of any waveform; 4. Good linearity: better than 0.1%; 5. Wide bandwidth: the bandwidth of the voltage sensor is generally within 15kHz, and the rise time of the high-voltage voltage sensor of 6400Vrms About 500uS, the bandwidth is about 700Hz; 6. Measurement range: Hall sensor is a series of products, and the voltage measurement can reach 6400V.

And CAN is the abbreviation of ControlIerAreaNetwork, that is, the meaning of "local area network controller". It can be attributed to the category of industrial field bus. The CPU sends the data and identifier to be sent to the CAN chip of this node, and makes it enter the ready state; once the CAN chip receives the bus allocation, it becomes the state of sending messages, and the data to be sent by the CAN chip consists of The specified message format is sent. At this time, other nodes in the network are in the receiving state, and all nodes must first receive it, and judge whether the message is sent to itself through detection.

CAN bus has high reliability, real-time and flexibility in data communication, and its application fields are extensive. The reason why the CAN bus transmission mode is selected in the utility model is because considering that the CAN bus has the following characteristics in practical applications: (1) multi-host mode work: any node on the network can send data to other nodes at any time, and the communication mode Flexible; (2) Each node on the network has a different priority, which can meet the real-time requirements; (3) Using a non-destructive arbitration bus structure, when two nodes transmit information to the network at the same time, the priority is higher (4) There are three transmission methods: point-to-point, point-to-multipoint, and point-to-global broadcast; (5) The communication distance can reach 6km; the communication rate can reach 1MB/s; the number of nodes can reach 110; (6) ) uses a short frame structure, each frame has 8 valid bytes; (7) has a reliable error detection mechanism, making the data error rate extremely low; (8) when the sent information is damaged, it can automatically re- (9) When a node is seriously wrong, it will automatically cut off the connection with the bus, so as not to affect other operations on the bus.

The U6 model is TJA1040, TJA1040 realizes the function of sending and receiving data, L3 is a common mode inductor to realize the filtering function of data signals, Z1 and Z2 are transient suppression diodes, which limit the excessive voltage in the circuit within a safe range, so that It plays the role of protecting the circuit behind; F1 and F2 are fuse resistors, which prevent excessive voltage from pouring into the circuit from the outside, and are used to protect other electronic devices in the circuit.

The advantages of the utility model: 1. The Hall voltage measurement accuracy is high, and the accuracy in the working temperature range is better than 1%, which is suitable for the measurement of any waveform; 2. The Hall voltage measurement range is large, and the voltage measurement can reach 6400V , solve the problem of small measurement range of differential mode measurement method; 3, the utility model system measurement voltage response speed is fast; 4, Hall voltage measurement method has good linearity, better than 0.1%; 5, Hall voltage measurement method is based on Hall voltage The Hall effect measures the voltage without being affected by external environmental factors, ensuring that the measurement accuracy will not change; 5. Fault detection of photovoltaic modules, for photovoltaic power generation systems connected in series, through centralized analysis of the output voltage of each solar panel , the working status of photovoltaic modules is uploaded to the host computer in real time, and the working status of each component in the photovoltaic system is monitored in real time. The specific location of the fault point can be found at the first time, and an alarm is issued. The staff can maintain it in time to make the photovoltaic power generation system work. Efficiency is guaranteed.

(4) Description of drawings:

FIG. 1 is a block diagram of the overall structure of a solar photovoltaic power generation detection system based on a Hall voltage sensor according to the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the overall circuit structure of a solar photovoltaic power generation detection system based on a Hall voltage sensor according to the present invention.

FIG. 3 is a schematic circuit structure diagram of a voltage signal acquisition circuit unit in a Hall voltage sensor-based solar photovoltaic power generation detection system according to the present invention.

Fig. 4 is a schematic circuit structure diagram of a data processing circuit unit in a solar photovoltaic power generation detection system based on a Hall voltage sensor according to the present invention.

FIG. 5 is a schematic circuit structure diagram of a CAN bus data transmission circuit unit in a solar photovoltaic power generation detection system based on a Hall voltage sensor according to the present invention.

6 is a schematic diagram of a CAN bus filter amplifier circuit in a solar photovoltaic power generation detection system based on a Hall voltage sensor involved in the utility model.

(5) Specific implementation methods:

Embodiment: a kind of solar photovoltaic power generation detection system (seeing Fig. 1, Fig. 2) based on Hall voltage sensor, comprises the data processing computer of real-time monitoring photovoltaic assembly operating state, is characterized in that it comprises voltage stabilizing circuit unit, voltage signal acquisition Circuit unit, data processing circuit unit, dial switch unit and CAN bus data transmission circuit unit; Wherein the input end of the voltage signal acquisition circuit unit collects the voltage signal of the solar cell panel, and its output end and the input end of the data processing circuit unit Connect; the input end of the CAN bus data transmission circuit unit is connected to the output end of the data processing circuit unit, and its output end is connected to the data processing computer for real-time monitoring of the operating state of the photovoltaic module through the CAN bus; the voltage stabilization circuit unit is a voltage signal The acquisition circuit unit, the data processing circuit unit and the CAN bus data transmission circuit unit provide stable power; the dial switch unit is connected to the input end of the data processing circuit unit.

The voltage signal acquisition circuit unit includes N voltage signal acquisition circuits; N is a positive integer greater than or equal to 1; the value of N corresponds to the number of panels in the connected solar photovoltaic array that needs to be detected; the solar photovoltaic array It is an X*Y dimensional array, wherein X is the number of solar panels connected in series; a branch is formed by X solar panels; Y is the number of branches connected in parallel; the voltage signal acquisition circuit unit The number is Y; the number of voltage signal acquisition circuits needed in the photovoltaic array is N=X*Y+Y; in this embodiment, X=6, Y=4, then there are 4 voltage signal acquisition circuit units in total ;

Each voltage signal acquisition circuit unit (see Figure 3) is composed of 7 voltage signal acquisition circuits, which are respectively recorded as voltage signal acquisition circuit I, voltage signal acquisition circuit II, voltage signal acquisition circuit III, voltage signal acquisition circuit IV, Voltage signal acquisition circuit V, voltage signal acquisition circuit VI and voltage signal acquisition circuit VII; wherein, the voltage signal acquisition circuit I, voltage signal acquisition circuit II, voltage signal acquisition circuit III, voltage signal acquisition circuit IV, voltage signal acquisition circuit V. The voltage signal acquisition circuit VI collects the voltage signals of 6 solar photovoltaic panels respectively; the voltage signal acquisition circuit VII collects the total voltage signal of the whole branch.

Described voltage signal acquisition circuit I (seeing Fig. 3) is made up of Hall sensor H1, connection terminal J5, resistance R101, electric capacity C101; Two terminals of described connection terminal J5 are respectively connected with Hall sensor H1 and have 1 pin and between the 8 pins of the Hall sensor H1; one end of the resistor R101 is connected to the 6 pins of the Hall sensor H1, the other end is connected to one end of the capacitor C101, and is connected to the input end of the data processing circuit unit at the same time; The other end of the capacitor C101 is grounded; the 3 pins of the Hall sensor H1 are connected to a 15V power supply; the 4 pins of the Hall sensor H1 are empty; the 5 pins of the Hall sensor H1 are grounded;

The voltage signal acquisition circuit II (see Figure 3) is composed of Hall sensor H2, terminal J6, resistor R102, and capacitor C102; the two terminals of the terminal J6 are respectively connected to Hall sensor H2 with 1 pin and between the 8 pins of the Hall sensor H2; one end of the resistor R102 is connected to the 6 pins of the Hall sensor H2, the other end is connected to one end of the capacitor C102, and is connected to the input end of the data processing circuit unit; The other end of the capacitor C102 is grounded; the 3 pins of the Hall sensor H2 are connected to a 15V power supply; the 4 pins of the Hall sensor H2 are empty; the 5 pins of the Hall sensor H2 are grounded;

Described voltage signal acquisition circuit III (see Fig. 3) is made up of Hall sensor H3, connection terminal J7, resistance R103, electric capacity C103; Two terminals of described connection terminal J7 are respectively connected with Hall sensor H3 and have 1 pin and between the 8 pins of the Hall sensor H3; one end of the resistor R103 is connected to the 6 pins of the Hall sensor H3, and the other end is connected to one end of the capacitor C103, and is connected to the input end of the data processing circuit unit at the same time; The other end of the capacitor C103 is grounded; the 3 pins of the Hall sensor H3 are connected to a 15V power supply; the 4 pins of the Hall sensor H3 are empty; the 5 pins of the Hall sensor H3 are grounded;

Described voltage signal acquisition circuit IV (see Fig. 3) is made up of Hall sensor H4, connection terminal J8, resistance R104, electric capacity C104; Two terminals of described connection terminal J8 are respectively connected with Hall sensor H4 and have 1 pin and between the 8 pins of the Hall sensor H4; one end of the resistor R104 is connected to the 6 pins of the Hall sensor H4, the other end is connected to one end of the capacitor C104, and is connected to the input end of the data processing circuit unit at the same time; The other end of the capacitor C104 is grounded; the 3 pins of the Hall sensor H4 are connected to a 15V power supply; the 4 pins of the Hall sensor H4 are empty; the 5 pins of the Hall sensor H4 are grounded;

Described voltage signal acquisition circuit V (see Fig. 3) is made up of Hall sensor H5, connection terminal J9, resistance R105, electric capacity C105; Two terminals of described connection terminal J9 are respectively connected with Hall sensor H5 and have 1 pin and between the 8 pins of the Hall sensor H5; one end of the resistor R105 is connected to the 6 pins of the Hall sensor H5, the other end is connected to one end of the capacitor C105, and is connected to the input end of the data processing circuit unit at the same time; The other end of the capacitor C105 is grounded; the 3 pins of the Hall sensor H5 are connected to a 15V power supply; the 4 pins of the Hall sensor H5 are empty; the 5 pins of the Hall sensor H5 are grounded;

Described voltage signal acquisition circuit VI (see Fig. 3) is made up of Hall sensor H6, connection terminal J10, resistance R106, electric capacity C106; Two terminals of described connection terminal J10 are respectively connected with Hall sensor H6 and have 1 pin and between the 8 pins of the Hall sensor H6; one end of the resistor R106 is connected to the 6 pins of the Hall sensor H6, the other end is connected to one end of the capacitor C106, and is connected to the input end of the data processing circuit unit at the same time; The other end of the capacitor C106 is grounded; pin 3 of the Hall sensor H6 is connected to a 15V power supply; pin 4 of the Hall sensor H6 is empty; pin 5 of the Hall sensor H6 is grounded.

The Hall sensor H1, Hall sensor H2, Hall sensor H3, Hall sensor H4, Hall sensor H5, and Hall sensor H6 are Hall voltage sensors whose model is NHS01.

Described voltage signal acquisition circuit VII (see Fig. 3) is made up of Hall sensor H7, connecting terminal J11, resistance R107, electric capacity C107; Described Hall sensor H7 has 1 pin, 5 pins, 6 pins, 7 pins. pins, 9 pins and 10 pins; the two terminals of the connecting terminal J11 are respectively connected with the 1 pin of the Hall sensor H7 and the 5 pins of the Hall sensor H7; one end of the resistor R107 is connected to the The 9 pins of the Hall sensor H7 are connected, the other end of which is connected to one end of the capacitor C107, and at the same time connected to the input end of the data processing circuit unit; the other end of the capacitor C107 is grounded; the 10 pins of the Hall sensor H7 are connected to 15V power supply; pin 6 of the Hall sensor H7 is empty; pin 7 of the Hall sensor H7 is grounded.

The Hall sensor H7 is a Hall voltage sensor with a model number of IHV001.

Described data processing circuit unit (seeing Fig. 3) is made up of single-chip microcomputer U1, resistance R28, resistance R1, resistance R5, electric capacity C10, electric capacity C1, electric capacity C2, electric capacity C3, crystal oscillator Y1, LED lamp L2, connection terminal J1; Wherein , one end of the capacitor C10 is connected to the microcontroller U1, and the other end is grounded; one end of the capacitor C1 and the capacitor C2 are connected to the ground at the same time, and the other ends are respectively connected to the two ends of the crystal oscillator Y1; the two ends of the crystal oscillator Y1 are also respectively Connected to the single-chip microcomputer U1; one end of the resistor R28 is connected to the single-chip microcomputer U1, and the other end is connected to the terminal J1; one end of the capacitor C3 is connected to the terminal J1; the other end is grounded; one end of the resistor R1 is connected to the terminal J1 The other end is connected to the power supply VCC; the connecting terminal J1 is also connected to the power supply VCC; one end of the resistor R5 is connected to the single-chip microcomputer U1, and the other end is connected to one end of the LED lamp L2; the other end of the LED lamp L2 is grounded ; The connecting terminal J1 is connected with the USB port of the data processing computer for real-time monitoring of the operating status of the photovoltaic module according to the programming line.

Described single-chip microcomputer U1 (see Fig. 4) is PIC18F25K80 single-chip microcomputer chip, altogether 28 pins, from MCLR/RE3 pins counterclockwise sequential numbering, denote as No. 1 pin～No. 28 pins successively; Described connection terminal J1 It is a single-chip microcomputer programming interface and a connecting terminal used for debugging programs. There are 6 pins, and the labels are marked as interface No. 1 to interface No. 6; pin No. 2, pin No. 3, and pin No. 4 of the single-chip microcomputer U1 , No. 5 pin, No. 7 pin, No. 21 pin and No. 22 pin are respectively connected to the resistor R101 in the voltage signal acquisition circuit I, the resistor R102 in the voltage signal acquisition circuit II, the resistor R103 in the voltage signal acquisition circuit III, the voltage Resistor R104 in the signal acquisition circuit IV, resistor R105 in the voltage signal acquisition circuit V, resistor R106 in the voltage signal acquisition circuit VI, resistor R107 in the voltage signal acquisition circuit VII; the No. 6 pin of the single-chip microcomputer U1 is connected to one end of the capacitor C10 ; No. 8 pins of the single-chip microcomputer U1 are grounded; No. 9 pins and No. 10 pins of the single-chip microcomputer U1 are connected to the two ends of the crystal oscillator Y1 respectively; No. 1 pins of the single-chip microcomputer U1 are connected to one end of the resistor R28 connection; the No. 1 interface of the terminal J1 is connected to the other end of the resistor R28; the No. 1 interface of the terminal J1 is connected to one end of the capacitor C3; the No. 1 interface of the terminal J1 is connected to one end of the resistor R1 ; No. 2 interface of the terminal J1 is connected to the power supply VCC; its No. 3 interface is grounded, No. 4 interface is connected to the 28 pin of the single-chip microcomputer U1, and No. 5 interface is connected to the No. 27 pin of the single-chip microcomputer U1; No. 26 of the single-chip microcomputer U1 The pin is connected to one end of the resistor R5; the No. 19 pin of the single-chip microcomputer U1 is grounded; the No. 2 single-chip microcomputer U1 has input and output pins, that is, pins No. Pins, pins 11 to 18, of which pins 11 to 18 are respectively connected to the 8-bit manual selection switch of the dial switch unit.

The crystal oscillator Y1 chooses 16MHz to constitute the minimum system of a single-chip microcomputer.

The shown voltage stabilizing circuit unit (see Fig. 2) is made up of capacitor C4, capacitor C5, capacitor CV2, capacitor CV3, diode D1, diode D2, connection terminal J2, connection terminal J4, power supply chip MC7805 and power supply chip MC7815; The positive terminal of the capacitor C4 is connected to the power supply VCC, and the negative terminal is grounded; the positive terminal of the capacitor C5 is connected to the +15V power supply, and the negative terminal is grounded; the positive terminal of the capacitor CV2 is connected to the +24V DC power supply, and the negative terminal is grounded; the positive terminal of the capacitor CV3 is connected to Connect +24V DC power supply, the negative terminal is grounded; the negative terminal of the diode D1 is connected to the voltage input port Vin terminal of the power chip MC7805, and its positive terminal is connected to the interface terminal J2; the negative terminal of the diode D2 is connected to the voltage input of the power chip MC7815 The port Vin terminal is connected, and its positive end is connected with the interface terminal J2; the terminal of the terminal J2 is also connected with the ground and the single-chip microcomputer U1; the terminal of the terminal J2 also has two empty terminals; the terminal J4 The terminals of the power chip MC7815 are respectively connected to the non-empty terminals of the terminal J2; the voltage output port Vout of the power chip MC7805 outputs +5V voltage, and its GND port is grounded; the voltage output port Vout of the power chip MC7815 outputs +15V voltage, and its GND port Mouth grounded.

The dial switch unit (see FIG. 2 ) is an 8-bit manual selection switch consisting of 8 independent switches, and each manual selection switch is connected to 8 I/O pins of the single-chip microcomputer U1 respectively.

The data transmission circuit unit (see Figure 5) includes a communication transceiver chip U6, a voltage divider resistor R2, a voltage divider resistor R3, a common mode filter inductor L3, a CAN bus filter amplifier circuit, a TVS diode Z1, and a TVS diode Z2 , insurance F1 and insurance F2; the two ends of the voltage dividing resistor R2 are respectively connected with the communication transceiver chip U6 and the single-chip microcomputer U1; the two ends of the voltage dividing resistor R3 are respectively connected with the communication transceiver chip U6 and the single-chip microcomputer U1; The communication transceiver chip U6 is connected to the common-mode filter inductor L3; the input terminal of the CAN bus filter amplifier circuit is connected to the common-mode filter inductor L3, and its output terminal is respectively connected to the TVS diode Z1, the TVS diode Z2, the insurance F1 and the insurance F2 connect.

Described CAN bus filter amplifying circuit (seeing Fig. 5, Fig. 6) is made of electric capacity C6, electric capacity C7, electric capacity C8, resistance R10, resistance R11, resistance R12 and resistance R13; Described communication transceiver chip U6 (seeing figure 5) It is a CAN transceiver chip whose model is TJA1040; the TJA1040 communication chip and the communication interface of the single-chip microcomputer PIC18F25K80 are connected by the CAN bus communication mode; the communication transceiver chip U6 has 8 pins, which are respectively recorded as pins 1 to 8 The two ends of the voltage dividing resistor R2 are respectively connected with the No. 1 pin of the communication transceiver chip U6 and the No. 23 pin of the single-chip microcomputer U1; the two ends of the voltage dividing resistor R3 are respectively connected with the No. 1 pin of the communication transceiver chip U6 The No. 4 pin is connected to the No. 24 pin of the single-chip microcomputer U1; the No. 2 pin of the communication transceiver chip U6 is grounded, the No. 3 pin is connected to the power supply VCC, and the No. 8 pin is grounded; the No. 6 pin of the communication transceiver chip U6 The pin and the No. 7 pin are respectively connected to the common-mode filter inductor L3; one end of the capacitor C6 is connected to the common-mode filter inductor L3, and the other end is grounded; one end of the capacitor C7 is connected to the common-mode filter inductor L3, and the other end is grounded; One end of the resistor R10 is connected to the common-mode filter inductor L3, the other end is connected to one end of the capacitor C8, and the other end of the capacitor C8 is grounded; one end of the R11 is connected to the common-mode filter inductor L3, and the other end is connected to one end of the capacitor C8; One end of the R12 is connected to the common-mode filter inductor L3, the other end is connected to one end of the transient suppression diode Z1, and the other end of the transient suppression diode Z1 is grounded; one end of the R13 is connected to the common-mode filter inductor L3, and the other end is connected to the One end of the TVS diode Z2 is connected, and the other end of the TVS diode Z2 is grounded; one end of the insurance F1 is connected to the TVS diode Z1, and the other end is connected to the terminal J2; the insurance F2 is connected to the TVS Diode Z2 is connected, and its other end is connected with terminal J2 (see Figure 2).

The common-mode filter inductor L3 (see Figure 5) has four terminals, which are respectively recorded as terminals No. 1 to No. 4; the No. 1 terminal, No. 2 terminal, No. 3 terminal, and No. 4 terminal of the common-mode filter inductor L3 The terminals are respectively connected to the No. 7 pin of the communication transceiver chip U6, the capacitor C6, the capacitor C7, and the No. 6 pin of the communication transceiver chip U6; the No. 2 terminal and the No. 3 terminal of the common mode filter inductor L3 are also respectively connected to the resistor R10 connected to the resistor R11; the No. 2 terminal and the No. 3 terminal of the common mode filter inductor L3 are also connected to the resistor R12 and the resistor R13 respectively (see FIG. 5 ).

The utility model takes an actual photovoltaic power generation system as an example. The photovoltaic power generation system is composed of a 6*4 dimensional photovoltaic array, 4 branches, each branch is composed of 6 solar light-emitting panels, and 6 are connected in series to form a group. The rated output voltage of each solar luminescent panel is 50 volts, and the rated output voltage of each group after series connection is 300 volts. The detection system detects the output voltage of each solar panel, and each group of voltages analyzes and processes the data through a single-chip microcomputer to know the operating status of each photovoltaic module, and numbers each solar panel, and uploads the data results to the host through the CAN bus Machine, you can clearly understand the location of the fault in the photovoltaic system.

Introduce it in conjunction with the accompanying drawings:

The circuit principle diagram of the utility model is as shown in Figure 1 and Figure 2:

1. Voltage signal acquisition circuit unit

As shown in Figure 3, the voltage signal acquisition circuit unit is composed of seven Hall sensors (H1-H7 in Figure 3 are Hall sensors). Hall sensor H1, Hall sensor H2, Hall sensor H3, Hall sensor H4, Hall sensor H5, Hall sensor H6 detect the voltage of a single solar panel, rated input +/-50 volts DC, Hall sensor H7 detects the total voltage of the solar panels connected in series, and its rated input voltage is 0-300 volts. The H signal input terminal of the Hall sensor is connected to the terminal J, and the terminal J is directly connected to the solar panel. The rated output of the Hall sensor H 0-5 volts DC voltage, the output terminal of the Hall sensor H is connected to a resistor R to achieve the purpose of protecting the circuit, the output signal of the Hall sensor H is connected to the A/D pin of the microcontroller through the resistor R, and the sensor is powered by +15V DC power supply .

2. Data processing circuit unit

The data processing part is mainly composed of a single-chip microcomputer, and its circuit is shown in Figure 4. The No. 1 pin of the single-chip microcomputer U1 is used for power supply, and an external voltage divider resistor and voltage stabilizing circuit are connected. The single-chip microcomputer U1 is powered by +5V power supply, which is provided by the MC7805 power chip. Pin 28 and pin 27 of MCU U1 are connected to terminal J1 for program writing, pin 26 of MCU U1 is connected to LED light L2 for system operation indication, pin 2 and pin 3 of MCU U1 Pin, No. 4 pin, No. 5 pin, No. 7 pin, No. 21 pin, and No. 22 pin are the A/D pins of the single-chip microcomputer U1.

Pin 2 of MCU U1 is connected to Hall sensor H1, pin 3 of MCU U1 is connected to Hall sensor H2, pin 4 of MCU U1 is connected to Hall sensor H3, pin 5 of MCU U1 is connected to Hall sensor H4, No. 7 pin of MCU U1 is connected to Hall sensor H5, No. 21 pin of MCU U1 is connected to Hall sensor H6, No. 22 pin of MCU U1 is connected to Hall sensor H7; No. 9 pin of MCU U1, MCU The No. 10 pin of U1 is connected to the crystal oscillator Y1 to form the minimum system of the single-chip microcomputer. The No. 23 pin of the single-chip microcomputer U1 is connected to the voltage dividing resistor R2 in the data transmission circuit, and the No. 24 pin of the single-chip microcomputer U1 is connected to the voltage dividing resistor R3 in the data transmission circuit.

3. CAN bus data transmission circuit unit

The schematic diagram of the CAN bus data transmission part circuit is shown in Figure 5. This part of the circuit mainly revolves around the communication transceiver chip U6, the voltage divider resistor R2, the voltage divider resistor R3, the common mode filter inductor L3, the CAN bus filter amplifier circuit, and the transient suppression diode. Composed of Z1, transient suppression diode Z2, insurance F1 and insurance F2, the communication transceiver chip U6 is used for the conversion of the CAN bus protocol, and the No. 1 and No. 4 pins of the above-mentioned U6 are TX and RX, which are used to communicate with the single-chip microcomputer U1 For the data interaction between them, the voltage divider resistor R2 and the voltage divider resistor R3 are connected between the communication transceiver chip U6 and the single chip microcomputer U1 to protect the circuit. The No. 6 pin and No. 7 pin of the communication transceiver chip U6 are CAN bus data connection pins. The common mode filter inductor L3 is externally connected to the No. 6 pin and No. 7 pin of U6, and the common mode filter inductor L3 is in the circuit Play the role of anti-interference, as shown in Figure 6, this part of the circuit filters and amplifies the input signal in the CAN bus transmission circuit, the above-mentioned TVS diode Z1 and TVS diode Z2 are a kind of voltage-limiting overvoltage The protection device limits the excessive voltage in the circuit to a safe range, so as to protect the subsequent circuit. Insurance F1 and insurance F2 prevent excessive voltage from inrushing into the circuit from the outside, and are used to protect other electronic devices in the circuit. OCANH and OCANL are CAN bus and external connection terminals, connected to terminal J2, and used for communication with the host computer.

The specific working process is as follows:

① Connect the external 24V DC power supply to one end of terminal J2 through the voltage stabilizing circuit unit, and one end of terminal J2 is connected to the power chip MC7805 and MC7815 (see Figure 2). MC7805 converts 24V power to +5V, and MC7815 converts 24V power to It is +15V; +5V DC power supply is used to power the microcontroller, +15V DC power supply is used to supply power to the Hall sensor, and the power supply part is a general circuit (see Figure 2);

2. collect the voltage of the solar cell panel (see Fig. 1, see Fig. 2) by the Hall sensor in the voltage signal acquisition circuit unit, each single solar cell panel voltage is linked to above-mentioned voltage signal acquisition circuit 1, voltage signal acquisition circuit respectively II, Voltage Signal Acquisition Circuit III, Voltage Signal Acquisition Circuit IV, Voltage Signal Acquisition Circuit V, Voltage Signal Acquisition Circuit VI, after the solar panels are connected in series, the total voltage is linked to the voltage signal acquisition circuit VII; the Hall sensor in the voltage signal acquisition circuit H (H1, H2, H3, H4, H5, H6, H7) are connected to the solar panel through terminals J (J5, J6, J7, J8, J9, J10, J11) (see Figure 3), Hall sensor H After obtaining the voltage of the solar panel, the Hall effect is generated internally, and a voltage signal of 0-5V is obtained. The above-mentioned voltage signal flows to the single-chip microcomputer U1 in the data processing circuit (see Figure 4). Voltage divider resistors R (R101, R102, R103, R104, R105, R106, R107) (see Figure 3), the resistor R acts as a voltage divider to prevent excessive induced voltage from damaging the microcontroller.

③The single-chip microcomputer U1 in the data processing circuit receives the voltage signal output by the Hall sensor H, and the A/D module inside the single-chip microcomputer U1 performs digital-to-analog conversion on it, converts the analog signal into a digital signal, and passes the internal program of the single-chip microcomputer U1 as follows The formula performs data calculation and corresponding analysis and processing:

Measured voltage = ((ad result sampling) * reference) / AD digits, 8 AD digits = 256

The obtained detection results are stored in the internal register of the single-chip microcomputer U1, and then the internal ECAN module outputs the detection results to the CAN bus data transmission circuit unit through the CAN bus technology; the internal ECAN module pins of the single-chip microcomputer U1 pass the CAN bus data transmission circuit unit The voltage dividing resistor R2 and the voltage dividing resistor R3 are connected to the communication transceiver chip U6; the LED light L2 in the data processing circuit unit can distinguish the working state of the single-chip microcomputer, and the indicator light L2 will flicker when the single-chip microcomputer is in the working state; Connecting terminal J1 is connected with the USB interface of the data processing computer for real-time monitoring of the operating state of the photovoltaic module according to the programming line, and the program download, writing and running debugging of the single-chip microcomputer U1 can be realized through the computer, as shown in Figure 1 and Figure 3;

④ Set the station number of each solar photovoltaic power generation detection system based on the Hall voltage sensor through the DIP switch. Each bit of the DIP switch is connected to the I/O pin of the microcontroller U1 (see Figure 2), and each bit has There are two states of on/off, manually dialing up is to write 1 to the MCU, and manually dialing down is to write 0 to the MCU, the output of the DIP switch is equivalent to an 8-digit binary number, that is, 0000 0000-11111111 , Manually adjust the 8 switch contacts of the DIP switch to generate an 8-digit binary number, which is the station number of a detection system. Each individual voltage detection system is equivalent to a node in the CAN bus, and each node has There is a different station number to distinguish the identity of each node in the bus system;

For example, the solar photovoltaic power generation detection system based on the Hall voltage sensor in this embodiment is a subsystem of a large system, which is composed of 4 such subsystems and 1 current detection subsystem, each subsystem The system is a node in the CAN bus, and the station number of the node is set by turning on and off the dial switch;

⑤The voltage signal obtained by the data transmission circuit unit flows to the communication transceiver chip U6 through the voltage dividing resistor R2 and the voltage dividing resistor R3. The communication transceiver chip U6 has a CAN bus communication protocol, and communicates with it after receiving the voltage data transmitted by the single chip microcomputer U1 Protocol conversion, the converted voltage data signal flows to the common mode filter inductor L3, filters out the interference components in the signal, and passes through the voltage division protection of the resistor R12 and the resistor R13, and passes through the TVS diode Z1 and the TVS diode Z2 It flows to insurance F1 and insurance F2, and finally connects to the external CAN bus through terminal J2, and uploads the measured voltage data to the data processing computer that monitors the operating status of photovoltaic modules in real time through the CAN bus to complete the entire detection process (see Figure 5, Image 6).

This circuit can make specific adjustments according to the actual number of photovoltaic modules. It can detect the fault nodes of the photovoltaic power generation system at the first time, and monitor the power generation efficiency of the photovoltaic system in real time, so as to facilitate the timely maintenance of the staff, thereby improving the efficiency of photovoltaic power generation. important role in the system.

Claims (10)

1. A solar photovoltaic power generation detection system based on a Hall voltage sensor, comprising a data processing computer for real-time monitoring of the operating state of the photovoltaic module, characterized in that it includes a voltage stabilizing circuit unit, a voltage signal acquisition circuit unit, a data processing circuit unit, a dial A code switch unit and a CAN bus data transmission circuit unit; wherein the input terminal of the voltage signal acquisition circuit unit collects the voltage signal of the solar panel, and its output terminal is connected with the input terminal of the data processing circuit unit; the CAN bus data transmission circuit The input end of the unit is connected to the output end of the data processing circuit unit, and its output end is connected with a data processing computer for real-time monitoring of the operating state of the photovoltaic module through the CAN bus; the voltage stabilizing circuit unit is a voltage signal acquisition circuit unit, a data processing circuit unit and The CAN bus data transmission circuit unit provides a stable power supply; the dial switch unit is connected with the input end of the data processing circuit unit. 2. A kind of solar photovoltaic power generation detection system based on Hall voltage sensor according to claim 1, is characterized in that said voltage signal acquisition circuit unit comprises N voltage signal acquisition circuits; N is a positive integer greater than or equal to 1; N The value of is corresponding to the number of panels in the connected solar photovoltaic array that needs to be detected; the solar photovoltaic array is an X*Y dimensional array, where X is the number of solar panels connected in series; The board constitutes a branch circuit; Y is the number of branches connected in parallel; the number N=Y of the voltage signal acquisition circuit units; the number of voltage signal acquisition circuits in each voltage signal acquisition circuit unit is X +1; the number of voltage signal acquisition circuits required in the photovoltaic array N=X*Y+Y. 3. A kind of solar photovoltaic power generation detection system based on Hall voltage sensor according to claim 2, it is characterized in that the solar photovoltaic array is a 6*4 dimensional array, totally 4 branches; Number N=4; the number of voltage signal acquisition circuits required in each voltage signal acquisition circuit unit is 7; The voltage signal acquisition circuit unit is composed of 7 voltage signal acquisition circuits, i.e. M=6, N=7, respectively denoted as voltage signal acquisition circuit I, voltage signal acquisition circuit II, voltage signal acquisition circuit III, voltage signal acquisition circuit Acquisition circuit IV, voltage signal acquisition circuit V, voltage signal acquisition circuit VI and voltage signal acquisition circuit VII; wherein, the voltage signal acquisition circuit I, voltage signal acquisition circuit II, voltage signal acquisition circuit III, voltage signal acquisition circuit IV, The voltage signal acquisition circuit V and the voltage signal acquisition circuit VI respectively acquire the voltage signals of six solar photovoltaic panels; the voltage signal acquisition circuit VII acquires the total voltage signal of the whole branch. 4. A kind of solar photovoltaic power generation detection system based on a Hall voltage sensor according to claim 3, wherein the voltage signal acquisition circuit is composed of a Hall sensor H, a resistor R, a capacitor C and a terminal J; wherein The Hall sensor H has 1 pin, 3 pins, 4 pins, 5 pins, 6 pins and 8 pins; the two terminals of the terminal J are respectively connected to the Hall sensor H with 1 tube Between the pin and the 8 pins of the Hall sensor H; one end of the resistor R is connected to the 6 pins of the Hall sensor H, the other end is connected to one end of the capacitor C, and is connected to the input end of the data processing circuit unit; The other end of the capacitor C is grounded; the 3-pin of the Hall sensor H is connected to a 15V power supply; the 4-pin of the Hall sensor H is empty; the 5-pin of the Hall sensor H is grounded; Described voltage signal acquisition circuit I is made up of Hall sensor H1, connection terminal J5, resistance R101, electric capacity C101; The two terminals of described connection terminal J5 are respectively connected with Hall sensor H1 to have 1 pin and Hall sensor H1 between the 8 pins; one end of the resistor R101 is connected to the 6 pins of the Hall sensor H1, the other end is connected to one end of the capacitor C101, and simultaneously connected to the input end of the data processing circuit unit; the other end of the capacitor C101 One end is grounded; the 3 pins of the Hall sensor H1 are connected to a 15V power supply; the 4 pins of the Hall sensor H1 are empty; the 5 pins of the Hall sensor H1 are grounded; The voltage signal acquisition circuit II is composed of a Hall sensor H2, a connection terminal J6, a resistor R102, and a capacitor C102; the two terminals of the connection terminal J6 are respectively connected to the Hall sensor H2 with 1 pin and the Hall sensor H2 between the 8 pins; one end of the resistor R102 is connected to the 6 pins of the Hall sensor H2, the other end is connected to one end of the capacitor C102, and is connected to the input end of the data processing circuit unit; the other end of the capacitor C102 One end is grounded; pin 3 of the Hall sensor H2 is connected to a 15V power supply; pin 4 of the Hall sensor H2 is empty; pin 5 of the Hall sensor H2 is grounded; The voltage signal acquisition circuit III is composed of a Hall sensor H3, a connection terminal J7, a resistor R103, and a capacitor C103; the two terminals of the connection terminal J7 are respectively connected to the Hall sensor H3 with 1 pin and the Hall sensor H3 between the 8 pins; one end of the resistor R103 is connected to the 6 pins of the Hall sensor H3, the other end is connected to one end of the capacitor C103, and is connected to the input end of the data processing circuit unit; the other end of the capacitor C103 One end is grounded; pin 3 of the Hall sensor H3 is connected to a 15V power supply; pin 4 of the Hall sensor H3 is empty; pin 5 of the Hall sensor H3 is grounded; The voltage signal acquisition circuit IV is composed of a Hall sensor H4, a connection terminal J8, a resistor R104, and a capacitor C104; the two terminals of the connection terminal J8 are respectively connected to the Hall sensor H4 with 1 pin and the Hall sensor H4 between the 8 pins; one end of the resistor R104 is connected to the 6 pins of the Hall sensor H4, the other end is connected to one end of the capacitor C104, and is connected to the input end of the data processing circuit unit; the other end of the capacitor C104 One end is grounded; pin 3 of the Hall sensor H4 is connected to a 15V power supply; pin 4 of the Hall sensor H4 is empty; pin 5 of the Hall sensor H4 is grounded; The voltage signal acquisition circuit V is composed of a Hall sensor H5, a connection terminal J9, a resistor R105, and a capacitor C105; the two terminals of the connection terminal J9 are connected to the Hall sensor H5 with 1 pin and the Hall sensor H5 respectively. between the 8 pins; one end of the resistor R105 is connected to the 6 pins of the Hall sensor H5, and the other end is connected to one end of the capacitor C105, and is connected to the input end of the data processing circuit unit; the other end of the capacitor C105 One end is grounded; pin 3 of the Hall sensor H5 is connected to a 15V power supply; pin 4 of the Hall sensor H5 is empty; pin 5 of the Hall sensor H5 is grounded; The voltage signal acquisition circuit VI is composed of a Hall sensor H6, a connection terminal J10, a resistor R106, and a capacitor C106; the two terminals of the connection terminal J10 are respectively connected to the Hall sensor H6 with 1 pin and the Hall sensor H6 between the 8 pins; one end of the resistor R106 is connected to the 6 pins of the Hall sensor H6, and the other end is connected to one end of the capacitor C106, and simultaneously connected to the input end of the data processing circuit unit; the other end of the capacitor C106 One end is grounded; pin 3 of the Hall sensor H6 is connected to a 15V power supply; pin 4 of the Hall sensor H6 is empty; pin 5 of the Hall sensor H6 is grounded; The voltage signal acquisition circuit VII is composed of a Hall sensor H7, a connection terminal J11, a resistor R107, and a capacitor C107; the Hall sensor H7 has 1 pin, 5 pins, 6 pins, 7 pins, and 9 tubes pin and pin 10; the two terminals of the connecting terminal J11 are respectively connected between pin 1 of the Hall sensor H7 and pin 5 of the Hall sensor H7; one end of the resistor R107 is connected to the pin of the Hall sensor H7 9 pins are connected, the other end of which is connected to one end of the capacitor C107, and at the same time connected to the input end of the data processing circuit unit; the other end of the capacitor C107 is grounded; the 10 pins of the Hall sensor H7 are connected to a 15V power supply; the Pin 6 of the Hall sensor H7 is empty; pin 7 of the Hall sensor H7 is grounded. 5. A solar photovoltaic power generation detection system based on a Hall voltage sensor according to claim 4, characterized in that the Hall sensor H1, Hall sensor H2, Hall sensor H3, Hall sensor H4, Hall sensor H5, Hall sensor H6 is a Hall voltage sensor of model NHS01; said Hall sensor H7 is a Hall voltage sensor of model IHV001. 6. A solar photovoltaic power generation detection system based on a Hall voltage sensor according to claim 1, wherein the data processing circuit unit is composed of a single-chip microcomputer U1, a resistor R28, a resistor R1, a resistor R5, a capacitor C10, and a capacitor C1 , capacitor C2, capacitor C3, crystal oscillator Y1, LED lamp L2, and connection terminal J1; wherein, one end of the capacitor C10 is connected to the single-chip microcomputer U1, and the other end is grounded; one end of the capacitor C1 and the capacitor C2 are simultaneously grounded, and the other One end is respectively connected with the two ends of the crystal oscillator Y1; the two ends of the crystal oscillator Y1 are also respectively connected with the single-chip microcomputer U1; one end of the resistor R28 is connected with the single-chip microcomputer U1, and the other end is connected with the terminal J1; one end of the capacitor C3 Connect the terminal J1; the other end is grounded; one end of the resistor R1 is connected to the terminal J1; the other end is connected to the power supply VCC; the terminal J1 is also connected to the power supply VCC; one end of the resistor R5 is connected to the single chip microcomputer U1, The other end is connected to one end of the LED lamp L2; the other end of the LED lamp L2 is grounded; the terminal J1 is connected to the USB port of the data processing computer for real-time monitoring of the operating state of the photovoltaic module according to the programming line; The voltage stabilizing circuit unit is composed of capacitor C4, capacitor C5, capacitor CV2, capacitor CV3, diode D1, diode D2, connection terminal J2, connection terminal J4, power chip MC7805 and power chip MC7815; the positive end of the capacitor C4 is connected to The power supply VCC, the negative terminal is grounded; the positive terminal of the capacitor C5 is connected to the +15V power supply, and the negative terminal is grounded; the positive terminal of the capacitor CV2 is connected to the +24V DC power supply, and the negative terminal is grounded; the positive terminal of the capacitor CV3 is connected to the +24V DC power supply , the negative pole is grounded; the negative pole of the diode D1 is connected to the voltage input port Vin terminal of the power chip MC7805, and its positive pole is connected to the interface terminal J2; the negative pole of the diode D2 is connected to the voltage input port Vin terminal of the power chip MC7815, Its positive terminal is connected with the interface terminal J2; the terminal of the terminal J2 is also connected with the ground and the single-chip microcomputer U1; the terminal of the terminal J2 also has two empty terminals; the terminals of the terminal J4 are respectively connected with the wiring The non-empty terminal of terminal J2 is connected; the voltage output port Vout of the power chip MC7805 outputs +5V voltage, and its GND port is grounded; the voltage output port Vout of the power chip MC7815 outputs +15V voltage, and its GND port is grounded; The dial switch unit is an 8-bit manual selection switch, which is composed of 8 independent switches, and each manual selection switch is connected to the data processing circuit unit respectively. 7. A kind of solar photovoltaic power generation detection system based on Hall voltage sensor according to claim 6, it is characterized in that said single-chip microcomputer U1 is a PIC18F25K80 single-chip microcomputer chip, totally 28 pins, from MCLR/RE3 pin anticlockwise order Numbering, which is recorded as pin No. 1 to pin No. 28 in turn; the terminal J1 is a single-chip microcomputer programming interface and a terminal used for debugging programs. There are 6 pins, and the labels are marked as interface No. 1 to interface No. 6 No. 2 pins, No. 3 pins, No. 4 pins, No. 5 pins, No. 7 pins, No. 21 pins and No. 22 pins of the single-chip microcomputer U1 are respectively connected to the resistor R101 in the voltage signal acquisition circuit I , Resistor R102 in voltage signal acquisition circuit II, resistor R103 in voltage signal acquisition circuit III, resistor R104 in voltage signal acquisition circuit IV, resistor R105 in voltage signal acquisition circuit V, resistor R106 in voltage signal acquisition circuit VI, voltage signal acquisition circuit Resistor R107 in VII; No. 6 pins of the single-chip microcomputer U1 are connected to one end of the capacitor C10; No. 8 pins of the single-chip microcomputer U1 are grounded; No. 9 pins and No. 10 pins of the single-chip microcomputer U1 are connected to the crystal oscillator respectively The two ends of Y1 are connected; the No. 1 pin of the single-chip microcomputer U1 is connected with one end of the resistor R28; the No. 1 interface of the terminal J1 is connected with the other end of the resistor R28; the No. 1 interface of the terminal J1 is connected with the capacitor One end of C3 is connected; the No. 1 interface of the terminal J1 is connected to one end of the resistor R1; the No. 2 interface of the terminal J1 is connected to the power supply VCC; the No. 3 interface is grounded, and the No. 4 interface is connected to the 28 pin of the single-chip microcomputer U1 , the No. 5 interface is connected to No. 27 pins of the single-chip microcomputer U1; the No. 26 pins of the single-chip microcomputer U1 are connected to one end of the resistor R5; the No. 19 pins of the single-chip microcomputer U1 are grounded; the single-chip microcomputer U1 has input and output pins, That is, pins 2 to 5, pin 7, pins 21 to 28, and pins 11 to 18, of which pins 11 to 18 are respectively connected to the 8-bit manual selection switch of the dial switch unit. connection; the DIP switch unit is an 8-bit manual selector switch, consisting of 8 independent switches, and each manual selector switch is connected to the 8 I/O pins of the single-chip microcomputer U1, that is, connected to No. 11-11 of the single-chip microcomputer U1. pin 18. 8. A solar photovoltaic power generation detection system based on a Hall voltage sensor according to claim 7, characterized in that the crystal oscillator Y1 is selected to be 16 MHz to form a minimum single-chip microcomputer system. 9. A solar photovoltaic power generation detection system based on a Hall voltage sensor according to claim 1, wherein the data transmission circuit unit includes a communication transceiver chip U6, a voltage divider resistor R2, a voltage divider resistor R3, a common mode filter The inductance L3, the CAN bus filter amplifier circuit, the transient suppression diode Z1, the transient suppression diode Z2, the insurance F1 and the insurance F2 are composed; the two ends of the voltage dividing resistor R2 are respectively connected with the communication transceiver chip U6 and the single-chip microcomputer U1; The two ends of the voltage dividing resistor R3 are respectively connected with the communication transceiver chip U6 and the single-chip microcomputer U1; the communication transceiver chip U6 is connected with the common-mode filter inductor L3; the input terminal of the CAN bus filter amplifier circuit is connected with the common-mode filter inductor L3, and its output Terminals are respectively connected with transient suppression diode Z1, transient suppression diode Z2, insurance F1 and insurance F2. 10. A solar photovoltaic power generation detection system based on a Hall voltage sensor according to claim 9, wherein the CAN bus filter amplifier circuit is composed of capacitor C6, capacitor C7, capacitor C8, resistor R10, resistor R11, resistor R12 and resistance R13 are formed; the communication transceiver chip U6 is a CAN transceiver chip of TJA1040; the communication interface of the TJA1040 communication chip and the single chip microcomputer PIC18F25K80 is connected by the CAN bus communication mode; the communication transceiver chip U6 has 8 The pins are respectively recorded as No. 1 pins to No. 8 pins; the two ends of the voltage dividing resistor R2 are respectively connected to the No. 1 pin of the communication transceiver chip U6 and the No. 23 pin of the single-chip microcomputer U1; Both ends of the resistor R3 are respectively connected to the No. 4 pin of the communication transceiver chip U6 and the No. 24 pin of the single-chip microcomputer U1; the No. 2 pin of the communication transceiver chip U6 is grounded, the No. 3 pin is connected to the power supply VCC, and the No. 8 tube The pin is grounded; the No. 6 pin and the No. 7 pin of the communication transceiver chip U6 are respectively connected to the common-mode filter inductor L3; one end of the capacitor C6 is connected to the common-mode filter inductor L3, and the other end is grounded; one end of the capacitor C7 Connected to the common mode filter inductor L3, the other end of which is grounded; one end of the resistor R10 is connected to the common mode filter inductor L3, the other end is connected to one end of the capacitor C8, and the other end of the capacitor C8 is grounded; one end of the R11 is connected to the common mode filter inductor L3 , the other end of which is connected to one end of the capacitor C8; one end of the R12 is connected to the common mode filter inductor L3, the other end is connected to one end of the TVS diode Z1, and the other end of the TVS diode Z1 is grounded; the R13 One end is connected to the common-mode filter inductor L3, the other end is connected to one end of the TVS diode Z2, and the other end of the TVS diode Z2 is grounded; one end of the insurance F1 is connected to the TVS diode Z1, and the other end is connected to the wiring Terminal J2; the fuse F2 is connected to the transient suppression diode Z2, and the other end is connected to the terminal J2; The common-mode filter inductor L3 has four terminals, which are respectively recorded as terminal No. 1 to terminal No. 4; the No. 1 terminal, No. 2 terminal, No. 3 terminal, and No. 4 terminal of the common-mode filter inductor L3 are respectively connected with the communication transceiver The No. 7 pin of the chip U6, the capacitor C6, the capacitor C7, and the No. 6 pin of the communication transceiver chip U6 are connected; the No. 2 terminal and the No. 3 terminal of the common mode filter inductor L3 are also connected to the resistor R10 and the resistor R11 respectively; The No. 2 terminal and No. 3 terminal of the common mode filter inductor L3 are also connected to the resistor R12 and the resistor R13 respectively.