CN205743901U - Digging laneway telescopic type falsework - Google Patents
Digging laneway telescopic type falsework Download PDFInfo
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- CN205743901U CN205743901U CN201620262389.1U CN201620262389U CN205743901U CN 205743901 U CN205743901 U CN 205743901U CN 201620262389 U CN201620262389 U CN 201620262389U CN 205743901 U CN205743901 U CN 205743901U
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- 238000009412 basement excavation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 230000005641 tunneling Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 238000005192 partition Methods 0.000 claims description 18
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000003245 coal Substances 0.000 abstract description 13
- 238000004873 anchoring Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 6
- 230000008602 contraction Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000034994 death Effects 0.000 description 2
- 231100000517 death Toxicity 0.000 description 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005065 mining Methods 0.000 description 2
- 206010035148 Plague Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 241000607479 Yersinia pestis Species 0.000 description 1
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002708 enhancing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 1
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- Lining And Supports For Tunnels (AREA)
Abstract
一种掘进巷道可收缩式临时支架，包括顶梁、伸缩顶梁、两个辅助顶梁、两个护帮板、两个连接板、两个移架座、一组滑轮和轨道，顶梁与伸缩顶梁之间的4个伸缩油缸、设置在顶梁与辅助顶梁之间的两个辅助伸缩油缸、设置在伸缩顶梁两端与伸缩顶梁垂直的4个支撑立柱、设置在顶梁与护帮板之间的4个护帮油缸等。本实用新型采用龙门式结构，将支架跨骑在煤矿巷道内的掘进机及其配套组件上，顶梁、伸缩顶梁通过支撑立柱和护帮油缸直接顶到巷道顶板，起到支护顶板的作用；使用护帮油缸将护帮板支撑在巷道顶板与侧帮之间，起到保护巷道侧帮的作用；支架可收缩后进行运输，方便快捷，避免重复支护，加快掘进锚护效率。
A kind of retractable temporary support for excavation roadway, including top beam, telescopic top beam, two auxiliary top beams, two side guards, two connecting plates, two moving frame seats, a set of pulleys and rails, the top beam and 4 telescopic oil cylinders between the telescopic top beam, two auxiliary telescopic oil cylinders arranged between the top beam and the auxiliary top beam, 4 support columns arranged at both ends of the telescopic top beam perpendicular to the telescopic top beam, set on the top beam 4 side guard oil cylinders between the side guard and the side guard. The utility model adopts a gantry structure, and the bracket is straddled on the roadheader and its supporting components in the coal mine roadway. The top beam and the telescopic top beam are directly pushed to the roadway roof through the support column and the side protection oil cylinder, and play a role of supporting the roof. Function: use the protection oil cylinder to support the protection board between the roof and the side of the roadway to protect the side of the roadway; the support can be retracted for transportation, which is convenient and quick, avoids repeated support, and speeds up the efficiency of tunneling and anchoring.
Description
技术领域technical field
本发明属于煤矿掘进工作面临时支护技术领域，具体涉及一种煤矿掘进巷道可收缩式临时支架。The invention belongs to the technical field of temporary support for coal mine excavation work faces, and in particular relates to a retractable temporary support for coal mine excavation roadways.
背景技术Background technique
煤炭目前是我国第一大能源，在现阶段的能源结构中占约70％，且在今后很长一段时间内，煤炭在我国能源消耗中仍将占据极重要地位，因此，煤矿的高产高效和安全生产将直接影响到我国的国民经济稳步发展。随着技术的不断发展，煤矿机械在综合机械化开采中发挥了及其重要的作用。然而煤矿井下的支护问题一直是困扰煤炭行业高产高效、安全生产的重要问题。随着综合掘进工作面生产能力和推进速度的提高，掘进区范围的日益加大，掘进巷道的机械化快速掘进和快速支护成为矿井高产高效、安全生产的关键技术之一。Coal is currently my country's largest energy source, accounting for about 70% of the current energy structure, and for a long time to come, coal will still occupy an extremely important position in my country's energy consumption. Therefore, the high yield and high efficiency of coal mines and Safe production will directly affect the steady development of our country's national economy. With the continuous development of technology, coal mining machinery has played an extremely important role in comprehensive mechanized mining. However, the problem of underground support in coal mines has always been an important issue that plagues the coal industry with high yield, high efficiency and safe production. With the improvement of the production capacity and advance speed of the comprehensive excavation face, and the expansion of the excavation area, the mechanized rapid excavation and rapid support of the excavation roadway have become one of the key technologies for high-yield, high-efficiency, and safe production in mines.
我国综掘工作面长期以来没有采用临时支护设施，大部分井下掘进工艺的现状一般为掘进机截割一刀煤后停机，将掘进机撤出，工人携锚网、锚杆、锚索及锚杆钻机等物料设备进入前端，进行铺网、打锚杆、锚索等永久支护作业。这其中掘进机工作时间仅需5-10分钟，而永久支护作业时间长达20-30分钟甚至更长时间，掘进机的开机率仅有25％左右，这就成为制约掘进机生产效率和掘进面推进速度的主要原因。另外，在掘进事故中，顶板事故约占80％，掘进工作面顶板事故所造成的死亡人数约占全国顶板事故总死亡人数的20％。这就提出了提高掘进效率以及保证掘进工作面的安全这两大问题。The comprehensive excavation face in my country has not used temporary support facilities for a long time. The status quo of most underground excavation processes is generally that the roadheader stops after cutting a knife of coal, withdraws the roadheader, and the workers carry anchor nets, anchor rods, anchor cables and anchors. Materials and equipment such as rod drilling rigs enter the front end for permanent support operations such as net laying, bolting, and anchor cables. Among them, the working time of the roadheader is only 5-10 minutes, while the permanent support operation time is as long as 20-30 minutes or even longer, and the operating rate of the roadheader is only about 25%, which restricts the production efficiency and The main reason for the driving speed of the driving face. In addition, in tunneling accidents, roof accidents account for about 80%, and the number of deaths caused by roof accidents in tunneling working faces accounts for about 20% of the total death toll in roof accidents in the country. This raises the two major issues of improving the efficiency of excavation and ensuring the safety of the excavation face.
发明内容Contents of the invention
本发明的目的是提供一种煤矿井下掘进巷道临时支护设备，用于解决掘进工作中由于掘、锚速度失衡而影响掘进效率的难题，提高巷道掘进速度的同时也增强了永久支护作业的安全性，从而保证煤矿高产、高效和安全生产。The purpose of the present invention is to provide a temporary support device for underground tunneling in coal mines, which is used to solve the problem of affecting the tunneling efficiency due to the unbalanced speed of the tunnel and anchor during the tunneling work, and to increase the tunneling speed while also enhancing the efficiency of the permanent support operation. Safety, so as to ensure high yield, high efficiency and safe production of coal mines.
为了解决上述问题，本发明采用以下技术方案：一种掘进巷道可收缩式临时支架，其特殊之处在于：支架由顶梁、两个伸缩顶梁、两个辅助顶梁、两个移架座、一组滑轮和轨道、两个护帮板、两个连接板、两个辅助伸缩油缸、4个伸缩油缸、4个支撑立柱、4个护帮油缸组成；所述顶梁为箱式结构，中部有隔板将箱内分为左、右两侧，左、右两箱内有两道筋板，将左、右两箱又分为前、中、后三箱；所述伸缩顶梁分为左右两个，在顶梁左侧的为左伸缩顶梁，右侧的为右伸缩顶梁，都为下开面箱式结构，其上面、前面、后面和左、右端面包覆在顶梁外，可相对与顶梁左右滑动；所述辅助顶梁分为左右两个，在顶梁左侧的为左辅助顶梁，右侧的为右辅助顶梁，都为箱式结构，嵌在顶梁隔板左、右两侧的中箱内，可相对与顶梁左右滑动；所述辅助伸缩油缸共有两个，对称设置在顶梁隔板两侧的中部两个箱内，其液压缸固定在顶梁内的中部隔板上，其活塞杆与两个辅助顶梁的箱型结构外侧盖板铰接；所述伸缩油缸共有4个，对称设置在顶梁隔板两侧的前、后共4个箱内，其液压缸固定在顶梁内的中部隔板上，其活塞杆与两个伸缩顶梁的箱 型结构外侧盖板铰接；所述移架座顶端通过焊接固定在辅助顶梁底部靠近巷道侧帮的一侧，顶梁、伸缩顶梁、辅助顶梁底部有开槽，供移架座左右移动；护帮油缸底部耳板与护帮板中部耳座铰接，其活塞杆与顶梁下面两端的耳座铰接；所述支撑立柱顶端与伸缩顶梁底部铰接，铰接位置位于伸缩顶梁底板靠近巷道侧帮的两角；所述连接板一端与护帮板铰接，另一端与支撑立柱底端铰接；所述滑轮在顶梁下面中线位置顺序排列，轨道放置在滑轮上，可以沿滑轮向巷道前方或后方滑动。所述连接板一边带有三角形限位挡块，所述护帮板底部与连接板有限位挡块的一边铰接，以保证连接板与护帮板的角度足够大，支撑立柱油缸底部与连接板无限位挡块的一边铰接。顶梁、两个伸缩顶梁、两个辅助顶梁上、下两面设置两排平行的锚杆钻孔。In order to solve the above problems, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions: a retractable temporary support for excavation roadway, which is special in that the support is composed of a top beam, two telescopic top beams, two auxiliary top beams, and two shifting seats , a set of pulleys and tracks, two side guards, two connecting plates, two auxiliary telescopic oil cylinders, 4 telescopic oil cylinders, 4 supporting columns, and 4 side protection oil cylinders; the roof beam is a box structure, There is a partition in the middle to divide the box into left and right sides. There are two ribs in the left and right boxes, and the left and right boxes are divided into front, middle and rear boxes; the telescopic top beam is divided into There are two left and right ones, the one on the left side of the top beam is the left telescopic top beam, and the one on the right side is the right telescopic top beam, both of which are open-faced box structures, with the top, front, back, left and right ends covered on the top beam In addition, it can slide left and right relative to the top beam; the auxiliary top beam is divided into left and right two, the left auxiliary top beam on the left side of the top beam, and the right auxiliary top beam on the right side, both of which are box-type structures embedded in the The middle boxes on the left and right sides of the top beam partition can slide left and right relative to the top beam; there are two auxiliary telescopic oil cylinders, which are symmetrically arranged in the two middle boxes on both sides of the top beam partition. It is fixed on the middle partition in the top beam, and its piston rod is hinged with the box-shaped outer cover plates of the two auxiliary top beams; there are 4 telescopic oil cylinders, which are symmetrically arranged at the front and rear of both sides of the top beam partition In a total of 4 boxes, the hydraulic cylinder is fixed on the middle partition in the top beam, and its piston rod is hinged with the box-shaped outer cover plate of the two telescopic top beams; the top of the moving frame is fixed on the auxiliary top by welding. The bottom of the beam is close to the side of the side of the roadway. There are slots at the bottom of the top beam, telescopic top beam and auxiliary top beam for the moving frame to move left and right; It is hinged with the ear seats at both ends of the roof beam; the top of the support column is hinged with the bottom of the telescopic roof beam, and the hinged position is located at the two corners of the bottom plate of the telescopic roof beam close to the side of the roadway; one end of the connecting plate is hinged with the side guard, and the other end It is hinged with the bottom of the support column; the pulleys are arranged sequentially at the midline position under the top beam, and the track is placed on the pulleys, which can slide along the pulleys to the front or rear of the roadway. One side of the connecting plate has a triangular limit stopper, and the bottom of the side guard plate is hinged to one side of the limit stopper of the connecting plate to ensure that the angle between the connecting plate and the side guard plate is large enough to support the bottom of the column oil cylinder and the connecting plate One side of the infinite stop is hinged. Two rows of parallel anchor rod drillings are arranged on the upper and lower sides of the top beam, two telescopic top beams, and two auxiliary top beams.
本发明的工作原理为：由若干台支架在掘进巷道组成工作组，沿巷道顺向布置，呈龙门式结构跨骑于巷道内的掘进机以及配套设备上，支撑顶板并保护巷道两帮。随掘进机向前掘进，工作组离巷道掘进面远端支架进行收缩，减小其高度与宽度后，通过挂于轨道滑轮上的轨道及运输滑轮吊起后，从支撑状态下的其他支架下运送至工作组离巷道掘进面近端，重新展开来支撑顶板与两帮。The working principle of the present invention is as follows: a working group is composed of several supports in the tunneling roadway, arranged along the roadway in the forward direction, straddling the tunneling machine and supporting equipment in the roadway in a gantry structure, supporting the roof and protecting the two sides of the roadway. As the roadheader excavates forward, the working group shrinks away from the support at the far end of the roadway excavation surface to reduce its height and width. After being hoisted by the track and transport pulley hanging on the track pulley, it is lifted from other supports under the supporting state. Transport it to the near end of the working group from the roadway excavation face, and re-deploy to support the roof and the two sides.
本发明与目前巷道临时支护相比，四个液压缸、多段顶梁同时支撑顶板，支护强度高；通过护帮板与护帮油缸将护帮与护顶结合起来，支护效果优秀；支架可收缩后运输，避免了顶板重复支护；其结构紧凑，布局合理，适合煤矿巷道不同类型的顶板、底板和侧帮的情况。Compared with the current roadway temporary support, the present invention has four hydraulic cylinders and multi-section top beams supporting the roof at the same time, and the support strength is high; the side guard and the roof guard are combined by the side guard board and the side guard oil cylinder, and the support effect is excellent; The support can be transported after shrinking, avoiding repeated support of the roof; its compact structure and reasonable layout are suitable for different types of roofs, floors and sides of coal mine roadways.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1是本发明伸展状态下的主体结构示意图Fig. 1 is the schematic diagram of the main structure of the present invention under the extended state
图2是本发明收缩状态下的主体结构示意图Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of the main structure of the present invention in a contracted state
图3是本发明顶梁内部结构示意图Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of the roof beam of the present invention
图4是本发明的正视图Fig. 4 is the front view of the present invention
图5是本发明的侧视图Fig. 5 is a side view of the present invention
具体实施方式detailed description
下面结合附图和具体实施方式对本发明进行详细说明。The present invention will be described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.
参见图1～5，所述的支架由顶梁、伸缩顶梁、辅助顶梁、两个移架座、一组滑轮和轨道、护帮板、两个连接板、伸缩油缸、辅助伸缩油缸、支撑立柱、护帮油缸组成；所述顶梁为箱式结构，中部有隔板将箱内分为左、右两侧，左、右两箱内有两道筋板，将左、右两箱分为前、中、后三箱，顶梁为钢板焊接而成，箱型结构保证支撑强度，为支架的主要支撑部件；所述左伸缩顶梁、右伸缩顶梁为下开面箱式结构，其上面、前面、后面和左、右端面包覆在顶梁外，可相对与顶梁左右滑动，既起到支撑作用，又可以收缩减少体积；所述左辅助顶梁、右辅助顶梁为箱式结构，嵌在顶梁隔板左、右两侧的中箱内，可相对与顶梁左右滑动，用于带动移架座向支架中间移动；所述伸缩油缸设置在顶梁隔板两侧的前、后4个箱内，其液压缸固定在顶梁内的中部隔板上，其活塞杆固定在左伸缩顶梁、右伸缩顶梁的端面，用于伸展和收缩伸缩动顶梁；所 述辅助伸缩油缸设置在顶梁隔板两侧的中部两个箱内，其液压缸固定在顶梁内的中部隔板上，其活塞杆固定在左辅助顶梁、右辅助顶梁端面，用于伸展和收缩辅助伸缩顶梁；所述移架座顶端通过焊接固定在辅助顶梁底部靠近巷道侧帮的一侧，其作用是为支架收缩提供暂时的底座，顶梁、伸缩顶梁、辅助顶梁底部有开槽，供移架座左右移动；护帮油缸底部耳板与护帮板中部耳座铰接，其活塞杆与顶梁下面两端的耳座铰接，其与立柱油缸，多段式顶梁呈三角形稳定结构；所述4个支撑立柱顶端在两个伸缩顶梁前后两端靠近巷道侧帮的一侧与其铰接，立柱底端有挡板，提高了接触巷道底板的面积，挡板下有锥形结构，用于钉入巷道底板使支架不会滑动；所述连接板一端与护帮板铰接，另一端与立柱底端铰接；所述轨道滑轮设置在顶梁下面中线的两端轨道放置在滑轮上，可以沿滑轮向巷道前方或后方滑动；所述连接板一边带有三角形限位挡块，所述护帮板底部与连接板有限位挡块的一边铰接，以保证连接板与护帮板的角度足够大，支撑立柱油缸底部与连接板无限位挡块的一边铰接；顶梁、左伸缩顶梁、右伸缩顶梁、左辅助顶梁、右辅助顶梁上、下两面设置两排平行的锚杆钻孔。Referring to Figures 1 to 5, the support consists of a top beam, a telescopic top beam, an auxiliary top beam, two shifting seats, a set of pulleys and tracks, a side guard, two connecting plates, a telescopic cylinder, an auxiliary telescopic cylinder, It is composed of supporting columns and side protection cylinders; the roof beam is a box structure, and there is a partition in the middle to divide the box into left and right sides. There are two ribs in the left and right boxes, and the left and right boxes are divided into It is the front, middle and rear three boxes. The top beam is welded by steel plates. The box structure ensures the support strength and is the main supporting part of the bracket. Its top, front, back and left and right end surfaces are covered outside the top beam, and can slide left and right relative to the top beam, which can not only play a supporting role, but also shrink and reduce volume; the left auxiliary top beam and right auxiliary top beam are Box-type structure, embedded in the middle box on the left and right sides of the top beam partition, can slide left and right relative to the top beam, and is used to drive the moving frame to move to the middle of the bracket; the telescopic oil cylinder is set on both sides of the top beam partition In the front and rear four boxes on the side, the hydraulic cylinder is fixed on the middle partition in the top beam, and its piston rod is fixed on the end faces of the left telescopic top beam and the right telescopic top beam, which are used to extend and contract the telescopic movable top beam The auxiliary telescopic oil cylinder is arranged in two middle boxes on both sides of the top beam partition, its hydraulic cylinder is fixed on the middle partition in the top beam, and its piston rod is fixed on the end faces of the left auxiliary top beam and the right auxiliary top beam , used to extend and shrink the auxiliary telescopic top beam; the top of the moving frame seat is fixed on the side of the bottom of the auxiliary top beam close to the side of the roadway by welding, and its function is to provide a temporary base for the contraction of the bracket, the top beam, the telescopic top beam 1. There is a slot at the bottom of the auxiliary top beam for the moving frame to move left and right; the ear plate at the bottom of the side guard oil cylinder is hinged with the ear seat in the middle of the side guard plate, and the piston rod is hinged with the ear seats at both ends of the bottom of the top beam, and it is connected with the column oil cylinder. The top beam is a triangular stable structure; the tops of the four supporting columns are hinged at the front and rear ends of the two telescopic roof beams on the side near the side of the roadway. There is a tapered structure under the plate, which is used to nail into the bottom plate of the roadway so that the bracket will not slide; one end of the connecting plate is hinged with the side guard, and the other end is hinged with the bottom of the column; The end rail is placed on the pulley and can slide to the front or rear of the roadway along the pulley; one side of the connecting plate has a triangular limit stopper, and the bottom of the side guard is hinged with the side of the limit stopper of the connecting plate to ensure the connection The angle between the board and the side guard is large enough, and the bottom of the support column oil cylinder is hinged with one side of the infinite stop of the connecting plate; the top beam, the left telescopic top beam, the right telescopic top beam, the left auxiliary top beam, and the right auxiliary top beam are up and down Two rows of parallel anchor rod drillings are arranged on both sides.
以支架展开支护为初始状态，其收缩过程分以下3个步骤：Taking the stent as the initial state, the contraction process is divided into the following three steps:
1.调节支架两个辅助伸缩油缸使其收缩，带动左、右辅助伸缩顶梁由左右两侧向顶梁中间滑动至指定位置，同时两个辅助伸缩顶梁带动与其焊接的移架座向支架重剑移动至指定位置。1. Adjust the two auxiliary telescopic oil cylinders of the bracket to make them shrink, and drive the left and right auxiliary telescopic top beams to slide from the left and right sides to the middle of the top beam to the designated position, and at the same time, the two auxiliary telescopic top beams drive the moving frame seat welded with it to the bracket The epee moves to the designated position.
2.调节支架4个支撑立柱、4个护帮油缸使其收缩，多段式顶梁下降与顶板分离，移架座也同时下降，当移架座下降到底部接触到巷道底板时，移架座起到支撑作用，继续调节后支架4个支撑立柱、4个护帮油缸使其收缩，带动支撑立柱与底板分离。2. Adjust the 4 supporting columns of the bracket and the 4 side protection cylinders to make them shrink, the multi-section roof beam is lowered and separated from the roof, and the moving frame is also lowered at the same time. When the moving frame drops to the bottom and touches the roadway floor, the moving frame will To play a supporting role, continue to adjust the 4 support columns and 4 side protection cylinders of the rear bracket to shrink them, driving the support columns to separate from the bottom plate.
3.调节支架4个伸缩油缸、4个护帮油缸使其收缩，带动两个伸缩顶梁由左右两侧向顶梁中间滑动至指定位置，即完成支架收缩过程，支架收缩至最小的体积。3. Adjust the 4 telescopic oil cylinders and 4 side protection cylinders of the bracket to make them shrink, and drive the two telescopic top beams to slide from the left and right sides to the middle of the top beam to the designated position, that is, the shrinking process of the bracket is completed, and the bracket shrinks to the minimum volume.
以支架收缩至最小为初始状态，其展开支护过程分以下3个步骤：Taking the contraction of the stent to the minimum as the initial state, the process of deploying the support is divided into the following three steps:
1.调节支架4个伸缩油缸、4个护帮油缸使其伸长，带动两个伸缩顶梁由顶梁中间向左右两侧滑动至指定位置。1. Adjust the 4 telescopic oil cylinders and 4 side protection cylinders of the bracket to make them stretch, and drive the two telescopic top beams to slide from the middle of the top beam to the left and right sides to the designated position.
2.调节支架4个支撑立柱、4个护帮油缸使其伸长，带动支撑立柱底端接触到巷道底板，此时支撑立柱起到支撑作用，继续调节支架4个支撑立柱、4个护帮油缸使其伸长，带动多段式顶梁上升直至其与巷道顶板接触，移架座此时也与地面分离。2. Adjust the 4 support columns and 4 side protection cylinders of the bracket to make them elongate, and drive the bottom of the support column to touch the roadway floor. At this time, the support columns play a supporting role. Continue to adjust the 4 support columns and 4 side protection cylinders of the bracket The oil cylinder makes it stretch, and drives the multi-section top beam to rise until it contacts the roof of the roadway, and the moving frame is also separated from the ground at this time.
3.调节支架两个辅助伸缩油缸使其伸长，带动左、右辅助伸缩顶梁由顶梁中间向左右两侧滑动至指定位置，同时两个辅助伸缩顶梁带动与其焊接的移架座向支架中间移动至指定位置，空出了支架下的空间供掘进机作业，即完成支架的展开过程。3. Adjust the two auxiliary telescopic oil cylinders of the bracket to make them stretch, and drive the left and right auxiliary telescopic top beams to slide from the middle of the top beam to the left and right sides to the designated position. The middle of the bracket is moved to the designated position, and the space under the bracket is vacated for the operation of the roadheader, that is, the unfolding process of the bracket is completed.
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