CN205712866U - A kind of aeroge insulated fire plate with decorative cover - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model discloses a kind of aeroge insulated fire plate with decorative cover, it is characterized in that, the described aeroge insulated fire plate with decorative cover is made up of aerogel material, transition zone and finish coat, described aerogel material is made up of surface hydrophilic layer and inner hydrophobic layer, and described surface hydrophilic layer thickness is 0.1 ~ 100 μm.The disclosed aeroge insulated fire plate with decorative cover of the utility model has the excellent properties such as low-density, low thermal conductivity, low water absorption, sound insulation, insulation and decoration fire prevention integration, reduce working procedure, reduce construction costs, solve construction quality and be difficult to control to problem, the exterior wall of green building and super low energy consumption and nearly zero energy consumption building, self heat insulation wall, the field such as floor dividing plate can be widely used in.

Description

Airgel thermal insulation and fireproof board with decorative surface

technical field

The utility model relates to a building thermal insulation and fireproof material, in particular to an airgel thermal insulation and fireproof board with a decorative surface, which belongs to the fields of light weight, heat insulation, fireproof, sound insulation materials and the like.

Background technique

With the progress of society, problems such as energy crisis and environmental degradation are becoming more and more serious. In 2006, the "Outline of the Eleventh Five-Year Plan for National Economic and Social Development" put forward the concept of "energy saving and emission reduction" for the first time. %, and the binding target of reducing the total discharge of major pollutants by 10%. "Energy saving" promotes "emission reduction". In the total energy consumption of domestic production, building energy consumption accounts for 33%. Building energy conservation is the top priority of my country's energy conservation and emission reduction cause. According to statistics, the heat loss of the wall structure is relatively the highest, and taking thermal insulation measures for the wall is a key step for building energy saving.

Commonly used wall insulation materials include expanded polystyrene, expanded polyurethane, rock wool, insulating mortar, expanded glass, and traditional foamed concrete. Expanded polystyrene and expanded polyurethane have excellent heat insulation performance, but they are flammable in case of fire and produce suffocating smoke, which seriously threatens the safety of the owner; rock wool has excellent heat insulation performance, but it fails in water, and the construction is difficult; insulation mortar Good fire resistance, but relatively high thermal conductivity; foamed glass is prone to slag, and the cost is high, which affects its engineering application.

Compared with existing insulation materials, airgel is a light inorganic solid material with a three-dimensional network skeleton structure and nanoscale pores, which has extremely high porosity, specific surface area, extremely low density and solid content, and is chemically inert. And non-combustible, showing excellent light weight, thermal insulation, fire prevention, sound insulation, shock absorption and energy absorption and other characteristics, the thermal conductivity can be as low as 0.013W/m·K. Therefore, if airgel sheets and fiber-reinforced airgel composites are used for wall insulation, they can easily meet 75% of building energy-saving standards and even the requirements of passive houses, reduce wall thickness, increase building use space, and airgel It is an inorganic material and has the same lifespan as the building.

Utility model content

The purpose of the utility model is to provide an airgel thermal insulation and fireproof board with a decorative surface.

An airgel thermal insulation and fireproof board with a decorative surface is composed of an airgel material, a transition layer and a finishing layer, the airgel material is composed of a surface hydrophilic layer and an internal hydrophobic layer, and the surface hydrophilic layer The thickness is 0.1~100μm.

In one of the embodiments, the airgel material is one of an airgel sheet material and an airgel composite material; the airgel composite material is an airgel/fiber felt composite material, an airgel/ One of porous material composites, airgel/water-based adhesive composites.

A preparation method of an airgel thermal insulation and fireproof board with a decorative surface, comprising the following steps:

(1) Modification of airgel materials;

(2) Apply a transition layer on the airgel material in step (1);

(3) Make a finishing layer on the transition layer in step (2).

In one of the embodiments, the step (1) includes a hydrophobic modification step, and the hydrophobic modification step is to perform hydrophobic modification on the airgel material in a closed gas-phase environment of a hydrophobic modifier; the hydrophobic modification The active agent is trimethylchlorosilane, hexamethyldisilazane, hexamethyldisiloxane, methyltrimethoxysilane, methyltriethoxysilane, dimethyldimethoxysilane, two Methyldiethoxysilane, γ-aminopropyltrimethoxysilane, γ-aminopropyltriethoxysilane, γ-(2,3-glycidoxy)propyltrimethoxysilane, γ- One or more of methacryloxypropyltrimethoxysilane and N-(β-aminoethyl)-γ-aminopropyltriethoxysilane.

In one of the embodiments, the step (1) further includes a surface hydrophilic modification step, and the surface hydrophilic modification step is to modify the airgel surface layer with a surface hydrophilic modification solution; the surface The hydrophilic modification solution is an aqueous solution of a surfactant and a low surface tension solvent or an aqueous solution of a low surface tension solvent; the surfactant is an anionic surfactant, a cationic surfactant, an amphoteric surfactant, a nonionic One or more of surfactants, the anionic surfactant is fatty alcohol phosphate ester salt, fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene ether phosphate ester salt, alkyl sulfate, fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene ether sulfate salt, glycerin Fatty acid ester sulfates, sulfated ricinoleates, naphthenic sulfates, fatty amido alkyl sulfates, alkylbenzene sulfonates, alkyl sulfonates, fatty acid methyl ester ethoxylate sulfonates, fatty acids One or more of methyl ester sulfonate, fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene ether carboxylate; the cationic surfactant is an aliphatic ammonium salt; the amphoteric surfactant is an alkyl amino acid, a carboxylic acid group One or more of betaine, sultaine, phosphate betaine, and alkyl hydroxyamine oxide; the nonionic surfactant is aliphatic polyester, alkylphenol polyoxyethylene ether, high carbon One of fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene ether, fatty acid polyoxyethylene ester, fatty acid methyl ester ethoxylate, polypropylene glycol ethylene oxide adduct, sorbitan ester, sucrose fatty acid ester, and alkyl ester amide or more; the low surface tension solvent is one or more of acetone, n-hexane, n-pentane, n-heptane, ethanol, isopropanol, tert-butanol, propylene glycol, and glycerin.

In one of the embodiments, the surface hydrophilic modification step further includes an external physical field action step, and the external physical field action step is one of far-infrared radiation and ultrasonic treatment.

In one embodiment, the step (1) further includes a drying treatment step, the drying treatment step is far-infrared drying, spray drying, microwave drying, normal pressure drying, supercritical drying, subcritical drying, freeze drying kind of.

In one embodiment, the transition layer is one or more of a plastering mortar layer, an anti-cracking mortar layer, a mesh cloth, and an adhesive mortar layer.

In one of the embodiments, the finish layer is polished and polished high-strength inorganic plate imitation stone finish, fluorocarbon metal paint layer, colored mortar layer, water-in-water latex paint layer, real stone paint layer, ceramic tile, marble, aluminum plate, etc. kind of.

The above-mentioned airgel thermal insulation and fireproof board with decorative surface has excellent performances such as low density, low thermal conductivity, low water absorption, sound insulation, thermal insulation, decoration and fire protection, etc., which reduces construction procedures, reduces project cost, and solves the problem of difficult control of construction quality. It is widely used in the fields of green buildings, ultra-low energy consumption and near-zero energy buildings, such as exterior walls, self-insulating walls, and floor partitions.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is a schematic structural view of an airgel thermal insulation and fireproof board with a decorative surface of the present invention.

In the figure, 1 is an airgel insulation layer, 2 is a transition layer, and 3 is a finishing layer.

detailed description

In order to make the above purpose, features and advantages of the utility model more obvious and easy to understand, the specific implementation of the utility model will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. In the following description, numerous specific details are set forth in order to provide a full understanding of the present invention. However, the utility model can be implemented in many other ways different from those described here, and those skilled in the art can make similar improvements without violating the connotation of the utility model, so the utility model is not limited by the specific implementation disclosed below .

An embodiment of the airgel thermal insulation and fireproof board with a decorative surface of the present invention is composed of an airgel material, a transition layer and a finish layer, and the airgel material is composed of a surface hydrophilic layer and an internal hydrophobic layer , the thickness of the surface hydrophilic layer is 0.1-100 μm.

In this way, the airgel material of the present invention has good interfacial bonding with the gelling material under the premise that the nanoporous structure is not damaged.

In this embodiment, the airgel material is one of an airgel sheet material and an airgel composite material; the airgel composite material is an airgel/fiber mat composite material, an airgel/porous material One of composite materials, airgel/water-based adhesive composite materials.

In addition, the airgel sheet can be _SiO2 airgel sheet, the airgel/fiber felt composite can be glass fiber reinforced airgel felt, basalt fiber reinforced airgel felt, etc., airgel/porous material composite It can be airgel/sponge composite material, airgel/foam glass composite material, etc. The airgel/water-based adhesive composite material can be airgel/concrete composite material, airgel/water glass composite material, airgel / Waterborne polyurethane composite materials, etc.

In this way, pure aerogels and composite materials containing aerogels are applicable to the present invention.

A preparation method of an airgel thermal insulation and fireproof board with a decorative surface, comprising the following steps:

(1) Modification of airgel materials;

(2) Apply transition layer 2 on the airgel material in step (1);

(3) Make a finishing layer 3 on the transition layer in step (2).

In addition, the airgel material and the decorative layer can also be connected by anchoring.

In this way, the preparation method of the airgel thermal insulation and fireproof board with decorative surface of the present invention has the advantages of simple process, short process cycle, green and environmental protection, and is suitable for industrial production.

In this embodiment, the step (1) includes a hydrophobic modification step; the hydrophobic modification step is to perform hydrophobic modification on the airgel material in a closed hydrophobic modifier gas phase environment; the hydrophobic modifier Chlorotrimethylsilane, hexamethyldisilazane, hexamethyldisiloxane, methyltrimethoxysilane, methyltriethoxysilane, dimethyldimethoxysilane, dimethyl Diethoxysilane, γ-aminopropyltrimethoxysilane, γ-aminopropyltriethoxysilane, γ-(2,3-glycidoxy)propyltrimethoxysilane, γ-methyl One or more of acryloxypropyltrimethoxysilane and N-(β-aminoethyl)-γ-aminopropyltriethoxysilane.

In this way, due to the existing airgel preparation method, the precursor, the replacement solvent and the drying process have a great impact on the hydrophobicity of the airgel. If the contact angle between the surface of the airgel and water is greater than 90°, it is not necessary to Hydrophobic modification is carried out in advance, and the surface is directly modified to be hydrophilic; if the contact angle between the surface of the airgel and water is less than 90°, it is necessary to carry out hydrophobic modification in advance; Hydrophobic modification of the gel material, in addition to significantly improving the modification effect of the airgel material and ensuring that the internal nanoporous structure is not damaged during the subsequent hydrophilic modification, it also significantly improves the modification efficiency and production efficiency, and reduces production costs.

In this embodiment, the step (1) also includes a surface hydrophilic modification step; the surface hydrophilic modification step is to use a surface hydrophilic modification solution to modify the surface of the hydrophobic airgel material; the surface The hydrophilic modification solution is an aqueous solution of a surfactant and a low surface tension solvent or an aqueous solution of a low surface tension solvent; the surfactant is an anionic surfactant, a cationic surfactant, an amphoteric surfactant, a nonionic One or more of surfactants; the anionic surfactant is fatty alcohol phosphate ester salt, fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene ether phosphate ester salt, alkyl sulfate, fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene ether sulfate salt, glycerin Fatty acid ester sulfates, sulfated ricinoleates, naphthenic sulfates, fatty amido alkyl sulfates, alkylbenzene sulfonates, alkyl sulfonates, fatty acid methyl ester ethoxylate sulfonates, fatty acids One or more of methyl ester sulfonate, fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene ether carboxylate; the cationic surfactant is an aliphatic ammonium salt; the amphoteric surfactant is an alkyl amino acid, a carboxylic acid group One or more of betaine, sultaine, phosphate betaine, and alkyl hydroxyamine oxide; the nonionic surfactant is aliphatic polyester, alkylphenol polyoxyethylene ether, high carbon One of fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene ether, fatty acid polyoxyethylene ester, fatty acid methyl ester ethoxylate, polypropylene glycol ethylene oxide adduct, sorbitan ester, sucrose fatty acid ester, and alkyl ester amide or more; the low surface tension solvent is one or more of acetone, n-hexane, n-pentane, n-heptane, ethanol, isopropanol, tert-butanol, propylene glycol, and glycerin.

In this way, the aqueous solution of a surfactant and a low surface tension solvent or an aqueous solution of a low surface tension solvent has a surface synergistic hydrophilic modification effect in the process of hydrophilic modification of the surface of the hydrophobic airgel material, which can significantly improve the surface. The wetting extension rate of the hydrophilic modification solution on the surface of the airgel material can be significantly slowed down to the interior of the airgel material. By adjusting the amount of the modification solution, the airgel powder material can be precisely adjusted Control of the thickness of the surface hydrophilic layer, the low surface tension solvent not only has a surface synergistic hydrophilic modification effect with water and surfactants, but also can greatly reduce the capillary flow of the hydrophilic modification solution entering the nanopores on the surface of the airgel material. It is easy to evaporate the hydrophilic modification solution in the nanopores on the surface of the airgel material through the drying process without destroying its nanoporous structure. The airgel material of the present invention exhibits internal hydrophobicity, surface hydrophilicity, and surface The hydrophilic layer still retains the structural characteristics of nanoporous structure and the thickness of the surface hydrophilic layer is 0.1-100 μm, and has a good interface bond with the gelling material; this process has the characteristics of simple steps, short cycle and high production efficiency, and is suitable for Industrial production.

In this embodiment, the surface hydrophilic modification step further includes an external physical field action step; the external physical field action step is one of far-infrared radiation and ultrasonic treatment.

In this way, the effect of an external physical field can significantly increase the activity of the surface hydrophilic modification solution and the contact probability with the airgel material, reduce the amount of surfactants, increase the surface hydrophilic modification rate of the airgel material, reduce costs, and improve Productivity.

In this embodiment, the step (1) further includes a drying treatment step; the drying treatment step is one of far-infrared drying, spray drying, microwave drying, normal pressure drying, supercritical drying, subcritical drying, and freeze drying. kind.

In this way, if the airgel material after hydrophilic modification is combined with the gelling material, the residual hydrophilic modification solution on the surface will affect the interface bonding, and it needs to be dried in advance; Under the premise that the nanopore structure is not destroyed, the residual surface hydrophilic modification solution in the nanopores on the surface of the airgel material is evaporated to improve the interface bonding strength between the airgel material and the gelling material.

In this embodiment, the transition layer is one or more of a plastering mortar layer, an anti-cracking mortar layer, a mesh cloth, and an adhesive mortar layer.

In this way, the flexural strength and compressive strength of the airgel insulation layer are significantly improved, the bonding strength between the airgel insulation layer and the facing layer is improved, and problems such as hollowing, cracking, and falling off of the facing layer during use are avoided .

In this embodiment, the finish layer is one of polished and polished high-strength inorganic plate imitation stone finish, fluorocarbon metal paint layer, colored mortar layer, water-in-water latex paint layer, real stone paint layer, ceramic tile, marble, and aluminum plate. kind.

In this way, the finishing layer is made before the materials leave the factory, reducing the on-site construction process, reducing the project cost, avoiding problems such as poor project quality caused by the difference in construction of on-site workers, and selecting a suitable finishing layer according to the needs.

The above-mentioned airgel thermal insulation and fireproof board with decorative surface has excellent performances such as low density, low thermal conductivity, low water absorption, sound insulation, thermal insulation, decoration and fire protection, etc., which reduces construction procedures, reduces project cost, and solves the problem of difficult control of construction quality. It is widely used in the fields of green buildings, ultra-low energy consumption and near-zero energy buildings, such as exterior walls, self-insulating walls, and floor partitions.

The following is the specific embodiment part.

Example 1

The following steps are used to prepare the airgel thermal insulation and fireproof board with a decorative surface:

(1) Use a contact angle measuring instrument to detect the contact angle between the surface of the SiO ₂ airgel sheet to be used and water, and the test result is 40°, then place the SiO ₂ airgel sheet with a thickness of 12 mm in a vacuum heating furnace, and use Place the weighed hexamethyldisilazane in a vacuum heating furnace, heat and vaporize, and perform hydrophobic modification for 1 hour to obtain a hydrophobic SiO ₂ airgel sheet, and use a contact angle meter to detect the hydrophobic SiO ₂ airgel The contact angle between the surface of the plate and water, the test result is 135°;

(2) At room temperature, weigh acetone, n-hexane and deionized water at a mass ratio of 1:0.5:30, mix them evenly, and prepare a surface hydrophilic modification solution;

(3) According to the volume ratio of the hydrophobic SiO ₂ airgel sheet and the surface hydrophilic modification solution of 1:3, weigh the surface modification solution, and pour it into the corresponding container, and air-condense the hydrophobic SiO ₂ after step (1) Put the plastic sheet into a container made of filter mesh, immerse it in the surface hydrophilic modification solution together, and take it out after 1 minute;

(4) Place the airgel sheet containing the hydrophilic modification solution on the surface obtained in step (3) in a far-infrared drying oven, dry at 120°C for 0.5h, and take it out after cooling down to below 50°C with the oven. An airgel sheet with a hydrophobic interior, a hydrophilic surface, and a hydrophilic layer thickness of 99.3 μm was obtained.

(5) Apply plastering mortar on the airgel sheet, apply anti-cracking mortar after the plastering mortar has strength, and then place alkali-resistant glass fiber mesh cloth, after the anti-cracking mortar has strength, apply adhesive mortar, and then place The marble facing layer is maintained, and an airgel thermal insulation fireproof board with a marble decorative face is obtained. Table 1 is the performance index of the airgel thermal insulation and fireproof board with decorative surface in this embodiment.

Table 1 The performance index of the airgel thermal insulation and fireproof board with decorative surface in this embodiment

Example 2

The following steps are used to prepare the airgel thermal insulation and fireproof board with a decorative surface:

(1) Use a contact angle measuring instrument to detect the contact angle between the surface of the 15mm thick glass fiber reinforced SiO ₂ airgel mat and water, and the test result is 126°, then the SiO ₂ airgel mat is hydrophobic;

(2) At room temperature, weigh sodium alkylbenzenesulfonate, n-hexane, acetone and deionized water according to the mass ratio of 1:0.2:0.8:1200, mix them evenly, and prepare a surface hydrophilic modification solution;

(3) According to the volume ratio of hydrophobic SiO ₂ airgel felt and surface hydrophilic modification solution of 1:4, weigh the surface modification solution, and pour it into the corresponding container, and air-condense the hydrophobic SiO ₂ after step (1). The rubber felt is put into a container made of filter mesh, immersed in the surface hydrophilic modification solution together, and taken out after 5 minutes;

(4) Place the airgel containing the hydrophilic modification solution on the surface obtained in step (3) in a far-infrared drying oven, dry at 120°C for 0.5h, and take it out after cooling down to below 50°C with the oven, that is An airgel felt with a hydrophobic interior, a hydrophilic surface and a hydrophilic layer thickness of 0.1 μm was obtained.

(5) Apply plastering mortar on the modified airgel felt, apply anti-cracking mortar after the plastering mortar has strength, and then place alkali-resistant glass fiber mesh cloth, and apply adhesive glue after the anti-cracking mortar has strength slurry, and then place the aluminum plate finish layer for maintenance to obtain an airgel thermal insulation fireproof board with an aluminum plate finish. Table 2 is the performance index of the airgel thermal insulation and fireproof board with decorative surface in this embodiment.

Table 2 The performance index of the airgel thermal insulation and fireproof board with decorative surface in this embodiment

Example 3

The following steps are used to prepare the airgel thermal insulation and fireproof board with a decorative surface:

(1) Use a contact angle measuring instrument to detect the contact angle between the surface of the basalt fiber reinforced SiO ₂ airgel felt and water. The test result is 30°, and then place the SiO ₂ airgel felt with a thickness of 20mm in a vacuum heating furnace In the process, the weighed hexamethyldisilazane was placed in a vacuum heating furnace with a container, heated and vaporized, and hydrophobically modified for 1 hour to obtain a hydrophobic SiO ₂ airgel felt, and the hydrophobic SiO ₂ was detected by a contact angle meter. The contact angle between the airgel felt surface and water, the test result is 131°;

(2) At room temperature, weigh isopropanol, n-hexane and deionized water at a mass ratio of 1:1:120, mix them evenly, and prepare a surface hydrophilic modification solution;

(3) According to the volume ratio of hydrophobic SiO ₂ airgel felt and surface hydrophilic modification solution 1:3, weigh the surface modification solution, and pour it into the corresponding container, and air-condense the hydrophobic SiO ₂ after step (1) The rubber felt is put into a container made of filter mesh, immersed in the surface hydrophilic modification solution together, and taken out after 10 minutes;

(4) Place the airgel felt containing the hydrophilic modification solution on the surface obtained in step (3) in a far-infrared drying oven, dry at 120°C for 0.5h, and take it out after cooling down to below 50°C with the oven. An airgel felt with a hydrophobic interior, a hydrophilic surface and a hydrophilic layer thickness of 12.2 μm was obtained.

(5) Apply plastering mortar on the airgel felt. After the plastering mortar has strength, apply anti-cracking mortar, and then place alkali-resistant glass fiber mesh cloth. After the anti-cracking mortar has strength, apply real stone paint and maintain it to obtain Airgel thermal insulation and fireproof board with real stone paint decorative surface. Table 3 is the performance index of the airgel thermal insulation and fireproof board with decorative surface in this embodiment.

Table 3 The performance index of the airgel thermal insulation and fireproof board with decorative surface in this embodiment

Example 4

The following steps are used to prepare the airgel thermal insulation and fireproof board with a decorative surface:

(1) Use a contact angle measuring instrument to detect the contact angle between the surface of the SiO ₂ airgel/foamed glass composite material to be used and the water, the test result is 30°, and then the SiO ₂ airgel/foamed glass with a thickness of 30mm The composite material is placed in a vacuum heating furnace, and the weighed hexamethyldisilazane is placed in a vacuum heating furnace with a container, heated and vaporized, and hydrophobically modified for 1 hour to obtain a hydrophobic _SiO2 airgel/foamed glass For the composite material, the contact angle between the surface of the hydrophobic _SiO2 airgel/foamed glass composite material and water was detected by a contact angle measuring instrument, and the test result was 131°;

(2) At room temperature, weigh sodium fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene ether sulfate, sodium alkylbenzene sulfonate, n-hexane and deionized water according to the mass ratio of 1:1:1:1000, mix them evenly, and make the surface hydrophilic modified solution;

(3) According to the volume ratio of the hydrophobic SiO ₂ airgel/foamed glass composite material and the surface hydrophilic modification solution of 1:3, weigh the surface modification solution and pour it into the corresponding container, and put the Put the hydrophobic SiO ₂ airgel felt into a container made of filter mesh, and immerse it in the surface hydrophilic modification solution together, and take it out after 10 minutes;

(4) Place the SiO ₂ airgel/foamed glass composite material containing the hydrophilic modification solution on the surface obtained in step (3) in a far-infrared drying furnace, dry at 120°C for 0.5h, and cool with the furnace Take it out after the temperature is below 50°C, and the _SiO2 airgel/foamed glass composite material with internal hydrophobicity, surface hydrophilicity and a hydrophilic layer thickness of 2.2 μm is obtained.

(5) Apply plastering mortar on the SiO ₂ airgel/foamed glass composite material, apply anti-cracking mortar after the plastering mortar has strength, and then place alkali-resistant glass fiber mesh cloth, and apply it after the anti-cracking mortar has strength Colored mortar, maintenance, get airgel insulation fireproof board with decorative surface. Table 4 is the performance index of the airgel thermal insulation and fireproof board with decorative surface in this embodiment.

Table 4 The performance index of the airgel thermal insulation and fireproof board with decorative surface in this embodiment

The above-mentioned embodiment is a preferred implementation mode of the present utility model, but the implementation mode of the present utility model is not limited by the above-mentioned embodiment, and any other changes, modifications and substitutions made without departing from the spirit and principle of the present utility model , combination, and simplification, all should be equivalent replacement methods, and are all included in the protection scope of the present utility model.

Claims (4)

1. an airgel thermal insulation and fireproof board with a decorative surface is characterized in that it is made up of an airgel material, a transition layer and a finishing layer, and the airgel material is made up of a surface hydrophilic layer and an internal hydrophobic layer, The surface hydrophilic layer has a thickness of 0.1-100 μm. 2. According to claim 1, a kind of airgel thermal insulation and fireproof board with decorative surface is characterized in that, the airgel material is one of airgel sheet material and airgel composite material; The gel composite material is one of the airgel/fiber felt composite material, the airgel/porous material composite material, and the airgel/water-based adhesive composite material. 3. A kind of airgel thermal insulation and fireproof board with decorative surface according to claim 1, characterized in that, the transition layer is one of plastering mortar layer, anti-cracking mortar layer, grid cloth, and bonding mortar layer one or more species. 4. A kind of airgel thermal insulation and fireproof board with a decorative surface according to claim 1, characterized in that, the decorative surface layer is a high-strength inorganic plate polished and polished imitation stone decorative surface, fluorocarbon metal paint layer, and colored mortar layer , water-in-water latex paint layer, real stone paint layer, ceramic tile, marble, and aluminum plate.