Coal fast pyrolysis reactor
Technical field
This utility model belongs to coal sublevel cascade utilization technical field, particularly relates to for low in jet coal, brown coal etc.
A kind of coal fast pyrolysis reactor of rank coal.
Background technology
China is in industrialization, urbanization Rapid development stage.In this course, the public is to quality of life, inhabitation
Environment, city situation etc. propose the highest standard, life style and consumption pattern and more and more significant change occur.Automobile
The sustainable growth of recoverable amount, the expansion of living space, and the derived demand formed on this basis will become economical and social
The main power of sustainable development.This will cause a series of changes of economic structure, also will bring continuing of total energy consumption
Increase, particularly the growth to oil and natural gas consumption.Chinese energy the name of the game is petroleum resources shortage, key issue
It it is the degree that can undertake considerably beyond Domestic Resources of the demand to petroleum gas.Chemical Industry is that coal is converted to liquid
The Basic Ways of fluid fuel, gaseous fuel and industrial chemicals, can ensure the degree of self-sufficiency in crucial energy field.The pyrolysis of coal
Journey may be generally generated the three class output objects such as combustible gas, tar and semicoke (or coke), the difference of pyrolytic process, three series products
Ratio has bigger difference, and has influence on final value of the product and the impact on energy supply structure.
Modern Coal-based Chemical is the high-efficiency cleaning trans-utilization realizing the carbon-containing fuels such as low-order coal, has developed multiple comprehensive coal
Chemical Engineering Technology, as being pyrolyzed-burn decoupling, the decoupling of pyrolysis-chemicals, pyrolysis-decoupling etc. of gasifying, but rests on laboratory research rank
Section, because industrialization encounters various technical barrier during amplifying, really realizes industrialized the most few.The most especially with heat
Solve reactor design, subsequent purification processes the particularly problematic of technique.
At present, the main type of furnace that carbon-containing fuel (coal, oil shale, biomass etc.) is pyrolyzed has Fushun stove, three river side's stoves, Dalian
The solid heat carrier retort of science and engineering, the Galoter stove liking husky Leah and the ATP stove etc. of Australia.
The pyrolysis oil gas produced during using above-mentioned pyrolysis oven pyrolysis fine coal, complicated component, heavy tar components are many, powder
Dust content is big, dust is in irregular shape, and gas temperature is high, causes pyrolysis coke breeze and pyrolysis oil gas ON-LINE SEPARATION effect undesirable,
Cause content of ashes in pyrolysis system fluctuation of service, tar high, hinder the process of industrialization of pulverized coal pyrolysis technology.Therefore,
In pyrolytic process, dedusting technology becomes the key issue that low-order coal pyrolysis course of industrialization is badly in need of solving.
Utility model content
In order to solve the problems referred to above, the utility model proposes a kind of coal fast pyrolysis reactor, this reactor makes material be subject to
Heat evenly, reduces the dust content being pyrolyzed oil gas in reactor, reduces the dirt in subsequent high temperature pyrolysis of coal oil gas Quench tar
Content and heavy component.
This utility model provides a kind of coal fast pyrolysis reactor.It is said that in general, coal fast pyrogenation of the present utility model
Reactor is heat accumulating type descending-bed reactor.
Coal fast pyrolysis reactor of the present utility model includes:
Reactor body;
Cyclone separator, is built in the top of described reactor body;
Granular bed, described granular bed includes:
Side panel, two wallboards being fixed on the sidewall of described reactor body, the most described side panel, said two
Wallboard and described sidewall limit the cavity of described granular bed, and the top of described granular bed is open upper shed, makees
For particle entrance, the multiple air inlets being arranged on described side panel, and telescopic valve, it is arranged in described granule and moves
The bottom of bed, as the end of described granular bed;
Wherein, described cyclone separator is communicated to the air inlet of described granular bed;The fixed position of described wallboard it
Between sidewall on be provided with pyrolysis oil gas vent.
According to an embodiment of the present utility model, described granular bed farther includes dividing plate, described dividing plate cloth
Put between said two wallboard and relative with described side panel, thus in described dividing plate, said two wallboard and described side
Forming the first air chamber between plate, described dividing plate is porous plate.
According to an embodiment of the present utility model, described granular bed farther includes filter plate, described filter plate cloth
Put between said two wallboard and relative with described pyrolysis oil gas vent, thus in described filter plate, said two wallboard and institute
Stating and limit the second air chamber between the sidewall between the fixed position of wallboard, described filter plate is porous plate.
According to an embodiment of the present utility model, described granular bed farther includes filter plate, and described filter plate sets
Putting at described pyrolysis oil gas outlet, isolated with described granular bed by described pyrolysis oil gas vent, described filter plate is porous
Plate.
According to an embodiment of the present utility model, the aperture of described dividing plate is 0~0.05mm, the density in hole is face
Long-pending hole count is no less than 500~5000/cm2。
According to an embodiment of the present utility model, the aperture of described filter plate is 0~0.1mm, the density in hole is area
Hole count is no less than 50~5000/cm2。
According to an embodiment of the present utility model, described valve is plate body, described wallboard fixed position it
Between sidewall be provided with elongated hole, described valve is telescopic is installed on described elongated hole.
According to an embodiment of the present utility model, described valve is push-pull valve, and wherein said push-pull valve is arranged in institute
State the bottom of granular bed.Such as, the handwheel of described push-pull valve is outside through inwall by described reactor body, thus makes institute
State the flashboard bottom as described granular bed of push-pull valve.
According to an embodiment of the present utility model, described reactor also includes that gas collecting apparatus, described gas collecting apparatus set
Put inside described reactor body, and described gas collecting apparatus is connected with described cyclone separator.
This utility model arranges cyclone separator and granular bed on reactor body top, it is thus achieved that multiple benefit.
Such as, before high-temperature coal pyrolysis oil gas goes out pyrolysis oven, the thin dirt in pyrolysis oil gas is trapped in pyrolysis oven, thus effectively reduces
The dustiness of pyrolysis oil gas.External with cyclone separator compare, efficiently solve cyclone separator by built-in for cyclone separator
Insulation and coking problem.Meanwhile, granular bed is placed in pyrolysis oil gas vent, enters the process of reactor body at raw material
In, part material enters granular bed and declines in granular bed, can be pyrolyzed oil gas by cold coal and high-temperature coal and connect
Touching, reduce high-temperature coal pyrolysis oil temperature, absorbed portion condensed tar, particularly, partly (40~60%) heavy tar condenses
Return pyrolysis oven with pyrolysis feed, thus increase the light components in tar, which thereby enhance the quality of tar.
For the ease of describing, in this article, term " coal fast pyrolysis reactor ", " heat accumulating type descending-bed reactor ", " heat
Solve stove " it is used interchangeably.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the structural representation of this utility model coal fast pyrolysis reactor;
Fig. 2 is the top view of granular bed one embodiment in this utility model.
Detailed description of the invention
Below in conjunction with drawings and Examples, detailed description of the invention of the present utility model is described in more details, with
Just the advantage that better understood when scheme of the present utility model and various aspects thereof.But, specific implementations described below side
Formula and embodiment are only descriptive purposes rather than to restriction of the present utility model.
This utility model embodiment provides a kind of coal fast pyrolysis reactor, as it is shown in figure 1, coal fast pyrolysis reactor bag
Include reactor body 1, cyclone separator 2, granular bed 3, heat accumulation type radiant tube 4 and gas collecting apparatus.Gas collecting apparatus is arranged on
Inside reactor body, including gas collection pattern pipe 5, discharge 6 and gas gathering manifold 7.
Coal fast pyrolysis reactor described in the utility model is heat accumulating type descending-bed reactor, and reactor body 1 is heat
Solve reaction vessel.Feed(raw material)inlet is offered at the top of pyrolytic reaction container, is provided with pyrolysis oil gas vent on sidewall.
Cyclone separator 2 is built in the top of reactor body 1, is connected with gas gathering manifold 7 as primary dust removing equipment.
Granular bed 3 is fixed on the sidewall of pyrolytic reaction vessel 1, and is covered by pyrolysis oil gas vent, this practicality
Novel described covering, refers to that pyrolysis oil gas vent is isolated by granular bed with reactor inner chamber.Granular bed 3 and whirlwind
Separator connects so that pyrolysis oil gas can be entered granular bed by gas collecting apparatus through cyclone separator, pyrolysis oil gas go out
Outside mouth discharge reaction vessel body 1.
Heat accumulation type radiant tube 4 is arranged in reactor body 1, and heat accumulation type radiant tube 4 is along the short transverse of reactor body 1
Multi-tier arrangement, arranges many heat accumulation type radiant tubes 4 the most parallel to each other for every layer.Owing to using the radiation of multilamellar heat accumulating type
Pipe 4 heat supply, response system simple in construction, easy to operate, heats is good, uniformity of temperature profile.Every layer of heat accumulation type radiant tube with
Adjacent bilevel heat accumulation type radiant tube 4 short transverse parallel to each other and along reactor body 1 is interspersed.Thus, may be used
Significantly improve the pyrolysis efficiency of reactor, thus improve the output capacity of product.
Gas collection pattern pipe 5 is arranged on the inside of reactor body 1, and gas collection pattern pipe 5 is along the short transverse of reactor body 1
Multi-tier arrangement, every layer has many gas collection pattern pipes 5 parallel to each other.Gas collection pattern pipe 5 cloth parallel with heat accumulation type radiant tube 4
Put, and be arranged symmetrically with two gas collection pattern pipes 5 in the respective left and right sides of heat accumulation type radiant tube 4.Gas collection pattern pipe 5 and gas collection
Pipe 6 connects.
Discharge 6 is many, is arranged on the inside of reactor body 1, along the short transverse laminates of reactor body 1
Putting, every described discharge 6 connects gas collection pattern pipe 5 described in two-layer.
Discharge 6 is all connected to gas gathering manifold 7.It is internal that gas gathering manifold 7 is arranged on reactor body 1, and gas gathering manifold 7 is along instead
The inside wall height direction answering device body 1 is arranged.Gas gathering manifold 7 connects cyclone separator 2.The pyrolysis oil that gas collecting apparatus can will produce
Gas quickly introduces cyclone separator 2, effectively raises economic benefit.
Fig. 2 is the top view of granular bed one embodiment in this utility model.As in figure 2 it is shown, granular bed 3 sets
Put on the sidewall of reactor body 1.In the present embodiment, granular bed 3 includes wallboard 301, side panel 302, dividing plate
303, air inlet 304, filter plate 305 and valve 306.
Two wallboards 301 are separately fixed on the sidewall of reactor body 1.For convenience of explanation, refer in particular to be positioned at two walls
The sidewall between the fixed position of sidewall of plate is referred to as " partial sidewall ".Pyrolysis oil gas vent 8 is arranged on this " part side
Wall " on, i.e. it is provided with pyrolysis oil gas vent 8 on the sidewall between the fixed position of wallboard.Side panel 302 is fixed on two walls
In the middle of plate 301.The partial sidewall of two wallboards 301, side panel 302 and reactor body 1 is the cylindrical body of both ends open, around
Define the cavity of granular bed.This cavity opens up and down, forms the passage that raw material falls.In other words, granular bed 3
Top be open upper shed, as particle entrance.Telescopic valve 306 it is provided with in the bottom of granular bed 3, logical
Cross the aperture controlling valve 306, control discharging speed.
Valve 306 is a plate body, and the correct position under " partial sidewall " of previous reaction device body 1 arranges elongated hole,
Valve 306 is telescopic to be installed in elongated hole.Valve 306 is drawn in direction outside reactor body, can accelerate granular bed chamber
Internal raw material falling speed;Direction in reactor body pushes away valve 306, can slow down the raw material in granular bed cavity
Falling speed.Operator can need to carry out autonomous operation according to production.
Arranging multiple air inlet 304 on side panel 302, air inlet 304 is connected with cyclone separator 2.Cyclone separator 2
The pyrolysis oil gas collected from gas collecting apparatus, is entered in the cavity of granular bed by air inlet 304, through the raw material mistake that it is interior
Discharged outside reactor body 1 by pyrolysis oil gas vent after filter.
Granular bed farther includes dividing plate 303, and dividing plate 303 is arranged between two wallboards 301, and and side panel
302 is relative.Dividing plate 303 is by the cavity isolation of air inlet with granular bed.Pyrolysis oil gas enters air inlet, by dividing plate 303
Enter the cavity of granular bed.Dividing plate 303 is porous plate, and the aperture of dividing plate 303 is 0~0.05mm, and the density in hole is area
Hole count is no less than 500~5000/cm2.Dividing plate can be ventilated so that the cavity that pyrolysis oil gas enters granular bed is interior with former
Material contact, can stop that again raw material is entered in cyclone separator by air inlet.
Further, dividing plate 303 and side panel 302 interval are arranged, by 303, two wallboards 301 of dividing plate and side panel 302
Form the first air chamber 307.So, the pyrolysis oil gas entered from air inlet is introduced into the first air chamber 307, is full of the first air chamber 307,
Pyrolysis oil gas can be with the cavity of dividing plate uniform contact entrance granular bed.The setting of the first air chamber 307 makes full use of dividing plate,
The whole of dividing plate are made to participate in ventilation-isolation work, it is to avoid dividing plate, because of the partial ventilation of only corresponding air inlet, uses frequency excessive
The pore causing this part to be distributed is blocked by tar too early and scraps, and extends the service life of dividing plate, reduces shut-down and changes
The frequency of dividing plate, improves production efficiency.
Granular bed 3 farther includes filter plate 305, filter plate 305 arrange between two wallboards 301 and with pyrolysis oil gas
Relatively, filter plate 305 is by the cavity isolation of pyrolysis oil gas vent with granular bed in outlet 8.Filter plate is porous plate.Filter plate 305
Aperture is 0~0.1mm, and the density in hole is that area hole count is no less than 50~5000/cm2.Pyrolysis oil gas passes through filter plate 305, by
It is external that pyrolysis oil gas vent discharges reactor body 1.
The sidewall spacers of filter plate 305 and reactor body 1 is arranged, 305, two wallboards 301 of filter plate and sidewall surround the
Two air chambers 308.So, when pyrolysis oil gas is entered the second air chamber 308 by the cavity of granular bed, all ginsengs of filter plate 305
With work, it is to avoid filter plate, because of the partial ventilation of only corresponding pyrolysis oil gas vent 8, uses the excessive gas causing this part to be distributed of frequency
Hole is blocked by tar too early and scraps, and extends the service life of filter plate, and reducing stops work changes the frequency of filter plate, improves life
Produce efficiency.
Filter plate and dividing plate also have another set-up mode: filter plate is arranged at pyrolysis oil gas vent 8, and dividing plate is put in air inlet
At Kou, pyrolysis oil gas vent 8 is isolated with granular bed 3.In general, the pyrolysis oil gas vent of reactor, air inlet band
Having one section of pipe joint, convenient and transmission gas pipeline to be connected, dividing plate of the present utility model just can be arranged on granular bed
Inlet tube joint in, filter plate be arranged on pyrolysis oil gas vent pipe joint in, it is possible to reduce filter plate, the material of dividing plate disappear
Consumption.
The feed(raw material)inlet of this utility model reactor is arranged on reactor body 1 central upper portion position, facilitates material to enter
And free-falling.Feed(raw material)inlet can connect feed hopper and feeding screw.Semicoke outlet is arranged on reactor body 1 lower central
Position, it is simple to semicoke is quickly moved out reactor body 1.
A kind of coal fast pyrolysis reactor disclosed in this utility model, the built-in cyclone separator in reactor body top and
Grain moving bed dedusting, enters stove pyrolyzing coal and is partially into granular bed, and pyrolysis oil gas is through cyclone separator and granular bed
Effectively reduce the dustiness in pyrolysis gas, reduce follow-up tar pretreated cost.Reduce coal by dust pelletizing system simultaneously
Pyrolysis oil temperature, makes part heavy tar condense, and reduces heavy tar yield.
The work process that use this utility model coal fast pyrolysis reactor carries out low-order coal pyrolysis is as follows:
Raw material (low-order coal granule) is added by the feed(raw material)inlet of reactor body central upper portion position, falls at raw material
During, part low-order coal granule is entered in the cavity of granular bed by particle entrance, under the regulation of telescopic valve,
Fall according to the speed set.Low-order coal granule is pyrolyzed in reactor body, produces the pyrolysis oil gas with impurity, pyrolysis
Oil gas is collected by gas collecting apparatus, in cyclone separator is sent to granular bed, after the low-order coal particle filtering by decline,
Outside discharge reactor body.
Embodiment
Feed coal is crushed to below 3mm, enters reactor body through feed(raw material)inlet.Part material coal enters granule and moves
Bed, by the Valve controlling feed coal bottom control moving bed in the translational speed within grain bed, typically less than 0.5m/s,
Can be such as 0.1,0.2,0.3m/s.High temperature pyrolysis oil gas is collected through gas collecting apparatus, through cyclone separator and granular bed,
Effectively reduce the dustiness in pyrolysis oil gas, reduce pyrolysis of coal oil gas temperature, partly (40~60%) heavy tar simultaneously
Condense and return pyrolysis oven with pyrolysis feed.Pyrolysis oil gas dustiness is reduced to 0.2g/Nm3, there is no granular bed dustiness
5.5g/Nm3。
It should be noted that each embodiment above by reference to described by accompanying drawing is only in order to illustrate this utility model rather than limit
Make scope of the present utility model, it will be understood by those within the art that, without departing from spirit of the present utility model and model
The amendment on the premise of enclosing carried out this utility model or equivalent, all should contain within the scope of this utility model.
Additionally, unless the context outside indication, the word occurred in the singular includes plural form, and vice versa.It addition, unless especially
Explanation, then all or part of of any embodiment can use in conjunction with all or part of of any other embodiments.