CN205219681U - Hollow single screw extruder of toper - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model relates to a conical hollow single-screw extruder, comprising a motor, a transmission mechanism, a seat, a centripetal thrust bearing group, a machine barrel, a conical hollow screw, an electric heating ring, an extruder head, a first and a second Two hoppers, gears and central shafts; the motor drives the conical hollow screw to rotate through the transmission mechanism and gears, and the extrusion head is set at the discharge port of the barrel; the characteristic is that the conical hollow screw is located in the barrel, and the central shaft Located in the conical hollow screw; there is an outer helical groove on the outer surface of the conical hollow screw, and an inner helical groove in the inner hole of the conical hollow screw; the first hopper communicates with the left end of the outer helical groove through the barrel , the second hopper communicates with the left end of the inner spiral groove through the machine barrel; a mixing chamber is provided in the right end of the barrel, and the right end of the conical hollow screw is located at the entrance of the mixing chamber, so that the materials from the outer spiral groove and the inner spiral groove Extrude from the extrusion head after mixing in the mixing chamber. It has the advantages of simple structure, can greatly shorten the length of the screw, can fully meet the requirements of the material extrusion process on the relative length of the screw flow channel, and significantly improve the productivity and thermal efficiency of the machine.

Description

Conical Hollow Single Screw Extruder

technical field

The utility model relates to a conical hollow single-screw extruder, which is mainly used for mixing, plasticizing and extruding polymer materials, and belongs to the technical field of polymer material molding equipment.

Background technique

Plastic extrusion molding machine is an important equipment for processing polymers. After polymers (granules, powders, etc.) enter the barrel and screw groove space through the hopper, they move forward under the push of the screw flight. Every time the screw rotates, The material moves forward by a lead, and the material has to go through a series of processes such as plasticizing and melting in the screw groove. Its shape changes from the initial solid state to the molten state through many links such as plug flow, molten film, circulation and solid phase crushing. state, and then molded into plastic products through machine heads, molds and other equipment.

Obviously, in a plastic extrusion molding machine, the screw is the most important and core component. Its structure and shape not only affect the quality of processed products, but also affect the service life and energy consumption of the machine. If a traditional single-screw extruder is used to ensure the completion of this series of links, in order to increase the extrusion output, it is often necessary to increase the depth and width of the screw groove. The increase in the depth of the screw groove will reduce the drag of the barrel on the bottom of the screw groove. The dragging effect makes the material at the bottom of the screw groove and the material near the barrel unable to be fully mixed and melted. On the other hand, it will increase the time for the material to completely melt and reach the same temperature; and in order to make all the materials reach the melt conveying section If it can be fully mixed and melted at any time, the length of the screw must be increased. This will not only increase the residence time of the material in the barrel, cause the material to decompose, and affect the quality of the extruded product. At the same time, increasing the length of the screw will also bring A series of problems associated with long screws, such as: insufficient rigidity, poor stability, and severe scraping and friction of the screw to the barrel; other extrusion equipment that uses multi-screw processing, although multi-screw extruders have There are many advantages, but it also brings problems such as complex structure, increased manufacturing and use costs.

There are also some plastic machines that use a hollow screw. After consulting the relevant patent documents, I found the two patents listed below, and found that although they all adopted the "hollow" screw scheme similar to the present invention, their inner cavities have no screw. Grooves are smooth cylinders or conical surfaces, and the mechanism of action is also far from the present invention. The screw rods in these patents all only have screw grooves on the outer surface, and their inner cavity has no screw grooves.

Example 1, the patent "Coaxial Multi-screw Extruder" (publication number CN1059151C) discloses an extruder with multi-screw and multi-sleeve. The extruder described in this patent has two screws, two sleeve, but its two screw rods only have screw grooves on its outer circular surface, and its inner profile has no screw grooves, while its two sleeves have no screw grooves on its inner and outer circular surfaces. Said extruder is equipped with coaxial multi-layer barrel and screw rod, which can extrude the materials of multiple layers of different components wrapped in phase at the same time, which is quite different from the technology of the present invention, and its structure is complex.

Example 2, in the patent "composite co-extrusion conical screw extruder" (publication number CN201721024U), the barrel is equipped with two nested coaxial inner and outer screws. Although the inside of each screw is hollow, the screws have only outer The screw groove has no screw groove on its inner surface, so it is different from the extruder screw structure and working principle of the present invention.

Contents of the invention

The purpose of the utility model is to overcome the deficiencies of the existing technology and provide a simple structure, which can greatly shorten the length of the screw, can fully meet the requirements of the material extrusion process on the relative length of the screw flow channel, and reduce the residence time of the material in the screw groove. It is a conical hollow single-screw extruder that can save time, reduce the decomposition of polymer materials, ensure product quality, prolong the service life of the machine, and significantly improve the productivity and thermal efficiency of the machine.

In order to achieve the above purpose, the utility model patent is realized in this way, which is a conical hollow single-screw extruder, including a motor, a transmission mechanism, a seat, a centripetal thrust bearing group, a machine barrel, a conical hollow screw, Electric heating coil, extruder head, first hopper, second hopper, gear and central shaft; wherein the motor drives the conical hollow screw to rotate through the transmission mechanism and gear, and the extruder head is set on the barrel At the discharge port; it is characterized in that the conical hollow screw is located in the barrel, the central axis is located in the conical hollow screw, and the conical hollow screw is coaxial with the barrel and the central axis and can be rotated relatively; The outer surface of the conical hollow screw is provided with an external helical groove, and the inner hole of the conical hollow screw is provided with an internal helical groove; the first hopper communicates with the left end of the outer helical groove through the barrel, and the second The hopper communicates with the left end of the inner helical groove through the barrel; a mixing chamber is provided in the right end of the barrel, and the right end of the conical hollow screw is located at the entrance of the mixing chamber, so that the materials from the outer helical groove and the inner helical groove are in the mixing chamber Extrude from the extrusion head after mixing.

The conical hollow single-screw extruder is characterized in that an annular groove and a radial passage are also provided on the conical hollow screw, and the second hopper passes through the annular groove and the radial passage of the conical hollow screw. It communicates with the left end of the internal spiral groove.

The conical hollow single-screw extruder is characterized in that the conical hollow screw can be a single-start screw or a multi-start screw.

The conical hollow single-screw extruder is characterized in that the screw grooves and flight edges of the outer helical groove and the inner helical groove can be designed into different cross-sectional profiles, and can also be designed as pins, barrier heads, rings, Split shape, groove shape, wave shape.

The conical hollow single-screw extruder is characterized in that the central shaft can be fixed or rotated.

The conical hollow single-screw extruder is characterized in that the outer helical groove and the inner helical groove have the same direction of rotation, either left-handed or right-handed.

The conical hollow single-screw extruder is characterized in that the outer circular surface and the inner circular hole of the conical hollow screw can be combined into a conical shape and a cylindrical shape, specifically: the outer circle and the inner hole can be combined The hole is also conical, or the outer surface is conical and the inner hole is cylindrical, or the outer surface is cylindrical and the inner hole is conical; at the same time, the shape of the inner hole of the barrel should be the same as that of the conical hollow screw. The shape of the outer circular surface of the central axis should be adapted to the shape of the inner conical hole of the conical hollow screw.

Compared with the prior art, the utility model has the following advantages:

Since this patent adopts the hollow screw structure with screw grooves in the outer circle and the inner hole, it only needs to use a smaller screw groove depth and width to ensure that the screw has a large screw groove cross-sectional area on the same section to meet the requirements of extrusion. The demand for output greatly reduces the length of the screw, so it has the following advantages:

1. The shallow screw groove can strengthen the dragging effect of the barrel on the material, and enhance the turning, mixing, shearing, stretching and melting of the polymer material in the screw groove, so that the material can be fully mixed, homogenized and melted in a short time. Complete melting, the temperature of the material in the screw channel is more likely to be consistent, shortening the residence time of the material in the screw, reducing the decomposition of the material, especially for the processing of temperature-sensitive materials, it is even more beneficial;

2. Shorten the length of the screw, eliminate the inherent rigidity and poor stability of the long screw, reduce the residence time of the material in the screw groove, reduce the decomposition of polymer materials, ensure the quality of the product, and greatly reduce the impact of the screw on the barrel Scraping and friction, prolonging the service life of the machine;

3. Due to the large diameter of the conical screw, it has strong crushing, mixing and grinding capabilities, so it can significantly improve the effect of crushing, mixing and grinding, while the diameter of the conical screw near the extruder head is smaller. Small, close to the diameter of ordinary screw, so it has the advantage of strong transport capacity of screw extruder, which significantly improves the productivity and thermal efficiency of the machine.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is a structural representation of the utility model.

detailed description

Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, the specific embodiment of the present utility model will be further described. It should be noted here that the descriptions of these implementations are used to help understand the utility model, but are not intended to limit the utility model. In addition, the technical features involved in the various embodiments of the present invention described below can be combined with each other as long as they do not constitute conflicts with each other.

In the description of the present utility model, the orientation or positional relationship indicated by the terms "left" and "right" are based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings, which is only for the convenience of describing the utility model and does not require that the utility model must be based on Specific orientation configurations and operations, therefore, should not be construed as limitations on the invention.

In the description of the present invention, the terms "first" and "second" are only used for descriptive purposes, and should not be understood as indicating or implying relative importance.

As shown in Figure 1, it is a conical hollow single-screw extruder, including a motor 1, a transmission mechanism 2, a seat 3, a radial thrust bearing group 4, a barrel 5, a conical hollow screw 6, and a heating coil 7. Extruder head 8, first hopper 9, second hopper 10, gear 11 and central shaft 12; wherein the motor 1 drives the conical hollow screw 6 to rotate through the transmission mechanism 2 and gear 11, and the extruder The discharge head 8 is located at the discharge port of the barrel 5; the conical hollow screw 6 is located in the barrel 5, the central axis 12 is located in the conical hollow screw 6, and the conical hollow screw 6 and the barrel 5 and the central axis 12 are coaxial and can be rotated relative to each other; an outer helical groove 601 is provided on the outer surface of the conical hollow screw 6, and an inner helical groove 602 is provided on the inner hole of the conical hollow screw 6; The first hopper 9 communicates with the left end of the outer spiral groove 601 through the machine barrel 5, and the second hopper 10 communicates with the left end of the inner spiral groove 602 through the machine barrel 5; a mixing chamber 501 is provided in the right end of the machine barrel 5, and the cone The right-hand side of the hollow screw 6 is positioned at the entrance of the mixing chamber 501, so that the material coming out from the right-hand side of the outer helical groove 601 and the inner helical groove 602 is extruded from the extruder head 8 after mixing in the mixing chamber 501. The electric heating ring 7 is set outside the machine barrel 5 to speed up the melting of the material in the outer screw groove, and the heating device in the central shaft 12 heats the central shaft 12 and the material. Since the electric heating technology is relatively mature and not the focus of this patent, it is The central axis 12 has not shown its electrothermal device.

When working, a part of the material enters the left end of the outer spiral groove 601 along the discharge port of the first hopper 9, and moves to the right end along the left end of the outer spiral groove 601, and another part of the material enters the inner conical hollow screw 6 from the second hopper 10. The left end of the spiral groove 602 then moves to the right end along the left end of the inner spiral groove 602, and the material coming out from the right end of the outer spiral groove 601 and the material coming out from the right end of the inner spiral groove 602 are extruded from the extruder head 8 after mixing in the mixing chamber 501 out.

In this embodiment, the conical hollow screw 6 is also provided with an annular groove 603 and a radial passage 604, and the second hopper 10 is connected to the inner conical hollow screw 6 through the annular groove 603 and the radial passage 604. The left end of the spiral groove 602 communicates. When working, the material from the second hopper 10 flows into the annular groove 603 first, and then enters the left end of the inner spiral groove 602 through the radial passage 604 .

In this embodiment, the conical hollow screw 6 may be a single-start screw or a multi-start screw.

In this embodiment, the screw grooves and flight of the outer helical groove 601 and the inner helical groove 602 can be designed as different cross-section profiles, and can also be designed as pins, barrier heads, rings, separate shapes, groove shapes, and waveforms. .

In this embodiment, the central shaft 12 can be fixed or rotate.

In this embodiment, the outer helical groove 601 and the inner helical groove 602 have the same direction of rotation, that is, they can both be left-handed or right-handed.

In this embodiment, the outer circular surface and the inner circular hole of the conical hollow screw 6 can be combined with a conical shape and a cylindrical shape, specifically: the outer circle and the inner hole can be both conical, or the outer circular surface It is conical and the inner hole is cylindrical, or the outer circular surface is cylindrical and the inner hole is conical; at the same time, the shape of the inner hole of the machine barrel 5 should be adapted to the shape of the outer circular surface of the conical hollow screw 6, and the center The shape of the outer circle of the shaft 12 will adapt to the shape of the inner conical hole of the tapered hollow screw rod 6 .

The embodiments of the present utility model have been described in detail above in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, but the present utility model is not limited to the described embodiments. For those skilled in the art, various changes, modifications, replacements and deformations to these embodiments without departing from the principle and purpose of the present invention still fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (7)

1. a conical hollow single screw extrusion machine, comprises motor (1), transmission mechanism (2), stand (3), radial thrust bearing group (4), machine barrel (5), conical hollow screw rod (6), electric heating coil (7), extruder head (8), the first hopper (9), the second hopper (10), gear (11) and central shaft (12); Wherein said motor (1) drives conical hollow screw rod (6) to rotate by transmission mechanism (2) and gear (11), and described extruder head (8) is located at the discharge outlet of machine barrel (5); It is characterized in that described conical hollow screw rod (6) is positioned at machine barrel (5), described central shaft (12) is positioned at conical hollow screw rod (6), conical hollow screw rod (6) and machine barrel (5) and central shaft (12) coaxial and can relatively rotate; Be provided with external spiral groove (601) at the periphery of described conical hollow screw rod (6), be provided with inner spiral groove (602) at the interior circular hole of conical hollow screw rod (6); Described first hopper (9) is by the left end UNICOM of machine barrel (5) with external spiral groove (601), and described second hopper (10) is by the left end UNICOM of machine barrel (5) with inner spiral groove (602); Hybrid chamber (501) is provided with in the right-hand member of machine barrel (5), the right-hand member of conical hollow screw rod (6) is positioned at the porch of hybrid chamber (501), and the material from external spiral groove (601) and inner spiral groove (602) is extruded from extruder head (8) after hybrid chamber (501) mixing.

2. conical hollow single screw extrusion machine according to claim 1, it is characterized in that also being provided with cannelure (603) and radial passage (604) on described conical hollow screw rod (6), the cannelure (603) of described second hopper (10) by conical hollow screw rod (6) and the left end UNICOM of radial passage (604) and inner spiral groove (602).

3. conical hollow single screw extrusion machine according to claim 1, is characterized in that described conical hollow screw rod (6) can be single-head screw, also can be multiple-threaded screw.

4. conical hollow single screw extrusion machine according to claim 1, it is characterized in that screw channel and the spiral shell rib of described external spiral groove (601) and inner spiral groove (602) can be designed to different section molded line, also can be designed to pin, barrier head, annular, separation shape, flute profile, waveform.

5. conical hollow single screw extrusion machine according to claim 1, is characterized in that described central shaft (12) can be fixing, also can rotate.

6. conical hollow single screw extrusion machine according to claim 1, it is characterized in that described external spiral groove (601) and inner spiral groove (602) rotation direction identical, both can be all left-handed, can dextrorotation be all again.

7. conical hollow single screw extrusion machine according to claim 1, it is characterized in that periphery and the interior circular hole of described conical hollow screw rod (6) can carry out taper and columniform combination, be specially: cylindrical and endoporus can be all taper shape, may also be periphery for conical and endoporus is cylindrical, to may also be periphery be cylindrical and endoporus for conical; Meanwhile, the internal via shape of machine barrel (5) will adapt with the periphery shape of conical hollow screw rod (6), and the periphery shape of central shaft (12) will adapt with the inner circle taper hole face shape of conical hollow screw rod (6).