CN205191546U - 一种生物质链条锅炉拱形后拱炉膛结构 - Google Patents
一种生物质链条锅炉拱形后拱炉膛结构 Download PDFInfo
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- CN205191546U CN205191546U CN201520946890.5U CN201520946890U CN205191546U CN 205191546 U CN205191546 U CN 205191546U CN 201520946890 U CN201520946890 U CN 201520946890U CN 205191546 U CN205191546 U CN 205191546U
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- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 51
- 239000000779 smoke Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 claims description 32
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000005755 formation reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000000875 corresponding Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N carbon monoxide Chemical compound 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[O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 17
- 239000003546 flue gas Substances 0.000 abstract description 14
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000003818 cinder Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000002028 Biomass Substances 0.000 description 14
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 11
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 8
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N carbon Chemical compound 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- 239000008187 granular material Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000002737 fuel gas Substances 0.000 description 4
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Abstract
本实用新型涉及一种生物质链条锅炉拱形后拱炉膛结构，包括竖直设置的后炉壁墙，还包括链条炉排、一次风箱，链条炉排的上方从前至后依次设有前拱和后拱，前拱由上部从前至后斜向上延伸的斜墙体和下部竖直延伸的竖墙体构成，前拱和后炉壁墙之间设有拱顶，拱顶后部设有出烟气口，后拱由位于后炉壁墙中间前方由后往前横向延伸的横向墙构成，后拱的前部位于链条炉排后端的上侧，前拱、拱顶、链条炉排与后拱的前方形成第一燃烧室，链条炉排与后拱之间形成第二燃烧室，拱顶、后拱与后炉壁墙之间形成第三燃烧室。炉膛结构形状和尺寸设计合理，且不设中拱，大大提高了燃烬率，减少了烟尘的排放。
Description
技术领域
[0001]本实用新型涉及生物质燃烧炉领域，具体涉及一种生物质链条锅炉拱形后拱炉膛结构。
背景技术
[0002]生物质能是可再生能源，在能源日益短缺的今天，开发利用资源量丰富的生物质能具有重大的能源战略意义。针对生物质燃料的燃烧特点，研究开发生物质成型锅炉，是有效利用生物质资源的重要途径。
[0003]炉拱是突出于炉膛内部墙面向下的炉墙，其形式有倾斜式或水平一一倾斜式。由还原区产生的可燃气体以及随气流带入炉膛的燃料粉末、焦炭粒子在炉拱的作用下与空气充分混合，燃烧燃尽，减少了气体和固体未完全燃烧损失，提高了燃烧效率;另一方面，炉拱能使炉内热辐射及热烟气流动得到合理组织，保证新入燃料能及时着火、稳定燃烧。炉拱按所处位置的不同可分为以下三种:
[0004]前拱一一位于火床前部的上方，起加快新燃料引燃的作用，因此又称引燃拱或辐射拱，有水平式、倾斜式和反倾斜式等形式。前拱的辐射方式是再辐射为主、镜反射为辅，通过此种方式将辐射热传递到新燃料着火区，提高了燃料着火和燃烧的速度。
[0005]中拱一一位于火床中部的上方，长度较短、布置灵活、费用低，一般适用于锅炉改造。
[0006]后拱一一位于火床后部的上方，有单倾斜式、水平一一倾斜式和双倾斜式等。后拱的主要作用有以下几个:
[0007] (I)与前拱组成喉口，可加强气流扰动，使可燃物与空气充分混合而有利于燃烧，延长了气流在炉内的逗留时间，对可燃物的燃尽很有利。
[0008] (2)将大量高温烟气、炽热炭粒以及过量的空气输送至燃料燃烧区，进一步加强了燃烧，炉膛空间的可燃气体在氧气的作用下而燃尽，因此燃烧温度得到提高。
[0009] (3)灼热烟气及其夹带的火红炭粒在后拱作用下被导向前端，在气流转弯向上时受到惯性分离作用，火红炭粒落到新燃料层，有利于着火燃烧。
[0010] (4)对燃烬区有保温促燃的作用，大大地降低灰渣物理热损失，使锅炉效率得到提尚O
[0011]燃料床上的燃料是否能进行强烈而完全的燃烧不仅取决于适当的炉排可见热强度、合理的炉膛布置及运行方式，而且在很大程度上还取决于炉拱的几何形状和尺寸。然而现有的生物质锅炉大都是燃煤锅炉改造而来，由于生物质成型燃料的燃烧特性与煤的燃烧特性有很大的不同，常规的炉拱设计的锅炉在燃烧生物质成型燃料时存在一些问题:高温火焰不能在炉膛里停留足够的时间，可燃成分不能与空气充分混合，导致烟气中一氧化碳、甲烷等可燃气及固体可燃颗粒含量较高，同时现有导致积灰结渣问题严重，燃烧效率低。
发明内容
[0012]本实用新型的目的在于提供一种生物质链条锅炉拱形后拱炉膛结构，延长了高温烟气在炉膛内的停留时间，提高燃烧效率，使燃料在炉膛内得以充分的燃烧，减少烟尘的排放。
[0013]为了达到上述目的，本实用新型采取的技术方案为:一种生物质链条锅炉拱形后拱炉膛结构，包括竖直设置的后炉壁墙，还包括链条炉排、一次风箱，所述链条炉排的上方从前至后依次设有前拱和后拱，前拱和后拱之间设有间隔，前拱由上部从前至后斜向上延伸的斜墙体和下部竖直延伸的竖墙体构成，前拱和后炉壁墙之间设有拱顶，拱顶后部设有出烟气口，所述后拱由位于后炉壁墙中间前方从后往前横向延伸的横向墙构成，后拱的前部位于链条炉排后端的上侧;前拱后侧、拱顶下侧、链条炉排上侧与后拱的前侧围设形成第一燃烧室，链条炉排上侧与后拱下侧之间围设形成第二燃烧室，拱顶下侧、后拱上侧与后炉壁墙前侧之间围设形成第三燃烧室。
[0014]所述后拱的断面形状为拱形。
[0015]所述一次风箱位于第一燃烧室下方。
[0016]所述二次风口位于前拱的斜墙体上，且二次风口的风口朝向燃料层区。
[0017]所述二次风口位于后拱横向墙的拱顶上。
[0018]所述二次风口分别位于前拱的斜墙体上和后拱的横向墙上，且前拱的斜墙体上的二次风口与后拱横向墙的拱顶上的二次风口相向设置。
[0019]所述后炉壁墙上设有与第二燃烧室相连通的清灰口，后炉壁墙的外侧对应清灰口设置清灰门。
[0020]本实用新型的装置同以往的炉膛结构相比具有以下优点:
[0021] (I)设计了新型炉拱结构，该炉膛使用全炉拱设计，设有前拱、后拱和拱顶，不设中拱，结构更简单；
[0022] (2)炉拱将炉膛分为三个区域，延长了高温烟气在炉膛内的停留时间，提高燃烧效率，使燃料在炉膛内得以充分的燃烧，减少烟尘的排放；
[0023] (3) 二次风口的设计使燃料层上方区域形成气流扰动，该设计延长了高温烟气从第一燃烧室到第三燃烧室的停留时间，同时优化了炉内热力场，提高锅炉稳定燃烧能力和入炉燃料的燃尽程度，使火焰不贴壁、不冲墙、充满度高，壁面热负荷均匀。
附图说明
[0024]图1为本实用新型实施例一的结构示意图；
[0025]图2为本实用新型实施例二的结构示意图；
[0026]图3为本实用新型实施例三的结构示意图；
[0027]图4为本实用新型后拱的拱截面结构示意图。
具体实施方式
[0028]为使本实用新型的目的、技术方案和有益效果更加清楚，下面结合附图对本发明实施方式作进一步详细描述。
[0029] 实施例一:
[0030]如图1所示，一种生物质链条锅炉拱形后拱炉膛结构，包括竖直设置的后炉壁墙13，链条炉排1、一次风箱4，链条炉排I的上方从前至后依次设有前拱2和后拱3，且前拱2和后拱3设置有间隔。链条炉排I上侧设有用于放置燃料层的燃料层区5。燃料层区5为位于链条炉排I上侧的条形区域。
[0031]前拱2的上部由从前至后斜向上延伸的斜墙体构成，前拱2的下部由竖直延伸的竖墙体构成。
[0032]后拱3由位于后炉壁墙13中间前方由后往前横向延伸的横向墙构成，后拱3的前部位于链条炉排I后端的上侧，如图4所示，后拱3的截面为拱形，这样的大空间设计更有利于生物质燃料的充分燃烧。
[0033]前拱2和后炉壁墙13之间设有拱顶6，所述拱顶6的前端与前拱2的斜墙体的顶部相连接，所述拱顶6为前后水平延伸的隔墙。
[0034]前拱2后侧、拱顶6下侧、链条炉排I上侧与后拱3的前侧围设形成第一燃烧室10，链条炉排I上侧与后拱6下侧之间形成第二燃烧室11，拱顶6下侧、后拱3上侧与后炉壁墙13前侧之间形成第三燃烧室12。
[0035]拱顶6后部设有出烟气口9，并且出烟气口9位于第三燃烧室12的顶端后侧，出烟气口 9为拱顶6与后炉壁墙13顶端之间的间隙(当然，本实用新型不拘泥于上述形式，也可将拱顶6覆盖整个第三燃烧室12的顶端，将出烟气口9开设在拱顶6的后侧)，出烟气口9连接烟道，烟道连接引风系统，在引风系统作用下，便于排出烟气，烟道与引风系统均为现有技术，故不详细叙述，因此图中也未标示出。
[0036]所述第一燃烧室10下侧设有为第一燃烧室10内生物质材料燃烧所需氧气的一次风箱4。一次风箱4可提供一次风，一次风箱4固定设置在炉体上，并位于链条炉排I的上、下层链条之间，一次风箱4为现有技术，故不详细叙述。
[0037]前拱2的斜墙体上设有为第二燃烧室11内生物质材料燃烧所需氧气的二次风口 7，二次风口 7的出风方向倾斜向下指向第一燃烧室10中部下侧的燃料层区5，二次风口 7与二次供风系统连接，二次供风系统为现有技术，故不详细叙述。
[0038]所述后炉壁墙13上设有与第二燃烧室11相连通的清灰口，后炉壁墙13的外侧对应清灰口设置清灰门8。
[0039]本实用新型所述的生物质链条锅炉拱形后拱炉膛结构，在工作时，燃料层区5放置生物质燃料，生物质燃料随着链条炉排I的运动进入炉膛第一燃烧室10，第一燃烧室10为主要燃烧区，在一次风箱4提供的一次风作用下，生物质成型燃料燃烧，产生的高温烟气在炉膛内辐射换热，进入第二燃烧室11。第二燃烧室11为二次燃烧区，在二次风口 7提供的二次风作用下，高温烟气中含有的一氧化碳、甲烷等可燃气体以及固体可燃颗粒继续燃烧传热，部分烟尘在这里降落。二次燃烧后的烟气进入第三燃烧室12。烟气在第三燃烧室12内进一步降尘，在引风系统作用下进入烟道。炉膛内第一燃烧室10、第二燃烧室11和第三燃烧室12内积累的烟尘颗粒和灰渣可通过清灰门8来清除。整个燃烧过程中烟气流向线14呈波浪状。
[0040] 实施例二:
[0041]如图2所示，本实施例中所述炉膛结构基本上与实施例一中的炉膛结构相同，其区别点只是将二次风口 7设置在后拱3横向墙的拱顶上，其二次风口 7的出风方向倾斜向下指向燃料层区5，为进入第二燃烧室11的高温烟气中含有的一氧化碳、甲烷等可燃气体以及固体可燃颗粒继续燃烧传热提供风力作用。
[0042] 实施例三:
[0043]如图3所示，本实施例中所述炉膛结构基本上与实施例一中的炉膛结构相同，其区别点只是在后拱3横向墙的拱顶上增设二次风口 7，其二次风口 7的出风方向倾斜向下指向第二燃烧室11中部下侧的燃料层区5，在燃烧的过程中，由前拱2斜墙体上的二次风口7、后拱3横向墙的拱顶上的二次风口 7同时对燃料层区5的生物质燃料燃烧提供风力作用。
[0044]以上显示和描述了本实用新型的基本原理、主要特征和本实用新型的优点。本行业的技术人员应该了解，本实用新型不受上述实施例的限制，上述实施例和说明书中描述的只是说明本实用新型的原理，在不脱离本实用新型精神和范围的前提下本实用新型还会有各种变化和改进，这些变化和改进都落入要求保护的实用新型范围内。本实用新型要求保护范围由所附的权利要求书及等同物界定。
Claims (7)
1.一种生物质链条锅炉拱形后拱炉膛结构，包括竖直设置的后炉壁墙，还包括链条炉排、一次风箱，其特征在于:所述链条炉排的上方从前至后依次设有前拱和后拱，前拱和后拱之间设有间隔，前拱由上部从前至后斜向上延伸的斜墙体和下部竖直延伸的竖墙体构成，前拱和后炉壁墙之间设有拱顶，拱顶后部设有出烟气口，所述后拱由位于后炉壁墙中间前方从后往前横向延伸的横向墙构成，后拱的前部位于链条炉排后端的上侧;前拱后侧、拱顶下侧、链条炉排上侧与后拱的前侧围设形成第一燃烧室，链条炉排上侧与后拱下侧之间围设形成第二燃烧室，拱顶下侧、后拱上侧与后炉壁墙前侧之间围设形成第三燃烧室。
2.如权利要求1所述的生物质链条锅炉拱形后拱炉膛结构，其特征在于:所述后拱的断面形状为拱形。
3.如权利要求1所述的生物质链条锅炉拱形后拱炉膛结构，其特征在于:所述一次风箱位于第一燃烧室下方。
4.如权利要求1所述的生物质链条锅炉拱形后拱炉膛结构，其特征在于:所述前拱的斜墙体上设有二次风口，且二次风口的风口朝向燃料层区。
5.如权利要求1所述的生物质链条锅炉拱形后拱炉膛结构，其特征在于:所述后拱的横向墙上设有二次风口，且二次风口的风口朝向燃料层区。
6.如权利要求1所述的生物质链条锅炉拱形后拱炉膛结构，其特征在于:所述前拱的斜墙体上和后拱的横向墙上均设有二次风口，且前拱的斜墙体上的二次风口与后拱的横向墙上的二次风口相向设置。
7.如权利要求1所述的生物质链条锅炉拱形后拱炉膛结构，其特征在于:所述后炉壁墙上设有与第二燃烧室相连通的清灰口，后炉壁墙的外侧对应清灰口设置清灰门。
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| CN107975939A (zh) * | 2017-11-28 | 2018-05-01 | 湖南长宏南雁锅炉修理安装有限公司 | 燃料可充分燃烧的生物质水管锅炉 |
| CN111156538A (zh) * | 2020-02-28 | 2020-05-15 | 江华 | 一种燃煤锅炉改造为生物质燃料锅炉的方法 |
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| CN107975939A (zh) * | 2017-11-28 | 2018-05-01 | 湖南长宏南雁锅炉修理安装有限公司 | 燃料可充分燃烧的生物质水管锅炉 |
| CN111156538A (zh) * | 2020-02-28 | 2020-05-15 | 江华 | 一种燃煤锅炉改造为生物质燃料锅炉的方法 |
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