CN205117953U - Locking mechanical fastening mechanism that takes off - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model relates to a locking mechanical fastening mechanism that takes off. It has been solved current fastening device and the pine has easily appeared and technical problem such as take off. Including the body of bolt, have two screw thread sections that link to each other with gland nut and anti -loosening screw nut screw thread respectively on the body of bolt, and the screw thread opposite direction of two screw thread sections, the cover is equipped with the adjustable ring that is located between gland nut and the anti -loosening screw nut on the body of bolt, link to each other through the unidirectional rotating structure between gland nut and the adjustable ring, be equipped with the circumferential location structure that enables adjustable ring and anti -loosening screw nut circumferential location between adjustable ring and the anti -loosening screw nut, still be equipped with the axial positioning structure that enables adjustable ring and anti -loosening screw nut axial positioning between adjustable ring and the anti -loosening screw nut. The advantage lies in: reasonable in design, simple structure, joint strength is high, and stability is good, appears the pine in the time of preventing to connect and takes off the phenomenon, has self -locking function.

Description

Anti-loosening mechanical fastening mechanism

technical field

The utility model belongs to the technical field of fasteners, in particular to an anti-loosening mechanical fastening mechanism.

Background technique

The screw pair fastening mechanism is a common threaded fastening mechanism. The most common fastening connection is a bolt and a nut that cooperate with each other. The threaded connection of the mechanical equipment connection is realized through the thread of the bolt. Bolts and nuts have good connection performance and simple structure, and are widely used in the field of mechanical equipment. However, bolts and nuts have the defect of easy loosening. With the frequent vibration of the equipment, the gap between the connecting parts increases, causing the bolts and nuts to loosen or even fall off. , In this way, for some mechanical connections, the connecting bodies are prone to separate from each other, and serious accidents are likely to occur.

In order to solve the problems existing in the prior art, people have carried out long-term exploration and proposed various solutions. For example, Chinese patent literature discloses a mutual tightening anti-loosening bolt [Application No.: 201220063479.X], which consists of a screw rod, an inner nut and an outer nut. The threads of the screw rod are positive and negative threads, the internal threads of the inner nut are forward threads, and the internal threads of the outer nut are reverse threads. 2 to 12 anti-slip grooves are arranged on the opposite top surfaces of the inner nut and the outer nut. The anti-skid groove is a structure that gradually rises counterclockwise.

The above-mentioned scheme has improved the problem that the existing bolts and nuts are easily loosened to a certain extent. Although the above-mentioned scheme is provided with several anti-skid grooves on the opposite top surfaces of the inner nut and the outer nut, the inner nut, the outer nut, and the bolts are not fixed. The starting point of the thread is uncertain, and the anti-skid grooves are difficult to achieve the purpose of being locked together. Even if they can be accidentally stuck together, the solution still has the problem of low connection strength, a gap between the inner nut and the outer nut when the vibration is large, or the inner nut is easy to push the outer nut back, resulting in loosening between the inner nut and the connecting body, and Eventually, the outer nut and the inner nut will break away from the bolt.

Utility model content

The purpose of this utility model is to solve the above problems and provide an anti-loosening mechanical fastening mechanism with reasonable design, simple structure and anti-loosening function.

In order to achieve the above object, the utility model adopts the following technical solutions: the anti-loosening mechanical fastening mechanism includes a bolt body, and the bolt body has two threaded threads that are respectively connected with the compression nut and the anti-loosening nut. section, and the thread directions of the two threaded sections are opposite, it is characterized in that, the bolt body is sleeved with an adjustment ring located between the compression nut and the anti-loosening nut, and the connection between the compression nut and the adjustment ring They are connected by a one-way rotation structure. When the compression nut has a circumferential rotation movement or movement tendency away from the side of the anti-loosening nut, the compression nut can rotate in the circumferential direction relative to the adjustment ring and when the compression nut has a direction toward the anti-loosening nut. When one side of the loose nut rotates or moves in a direction, the compression nut is positioned in the circumferential direction of the adjustment ring through a one-way rotation structure, and the adjustment ring and the anti-loosening nut are provided between the adjustment ring and the anti-loosening nut. A circumferential positioning structure for the circumferential positioning of the anti-loosening nut, and an axial positioning structure for axially positioning the adjusting ring and the anti-loosening nut is also provided between the adjustment ring and the anti-loosening nut. When in use, the function of the axial positioning structure is that when the compression nut moves downward, due to the existence of the axial positioning structure, the adjusting ring and the anti-loosening nut are axially positioned, so that the adjusting ring will not move downward with the gravity , when the compression nut rotates or moves in a circumferential direction away from the anti-loosening nut, the compression nut can rotate in the circumferential direction relative to the adjustment ring, that is, when the compression nut moves toward the locking direction, the compression nut It can rotate in the circumferential direction relative to the adjustment ring, so that the compression nut and the adjustment ring are separated from each other. When the compressed object exists, this movement will be prevented in a certain range, and the anti-loosening nut will not break away from the bolt body because of the one-way rotation structure; When the compression nut has a circumferential rotation movement or movement tendency towards the side of the anti-loosening nut, the compression nut is positioned in the circumferential direction with the adjustment ring through the one-way rotation structure, and at the same time, due to the circumferential positioning structure and the axial positioning structure Position the adjusting ring and the anti-loosening nut together, and the thread of the compression nut and the thread of the anti-loosening nut are opposite threads, so that the compression nut cannot rotate circumferentially toward the side of the anti-loosening nut, but the compression nut The rotational potential energy is transmitted to the anti-loosening nut through the one-way rotating structure through the adjusting ring, which drives the circumferential rotation or movement trend of the anti-loosening nut to the side of the compression nut, so that the compression nut is always in a constant self-rotating position. During the tightening process, the self-locking function of the mechanism is realized. At the same time, due to the mutual positioning of the anti-loosening nut and the adjusting ring and the existence of the one-way rotation structure, the anti-loosening nut cannot be separated from the bolt body.

In the above-mentioned anti-loosening mechanical fastening mechanism, the one-way rotation structure includes a helical helical surface arranged at one end of the compression nut and a matching helical surface arranged at one end of the adjustment ring and helically distributed. The said compression helicoid is matched with the compression helicoid to form a unidirectional rotation helicoid pair. When the compression nut has a circumferential rotation movement or movement tendency towards the side of the anti-loosening nut, since the compression helical surface and the mating helical surface abut against each other, the compression nut and the adjustment ring can be positioned in the circumferential direction. Obviously, a single There are various structures of the rotating structure, and those skilled in the art can also choose other structures.

In the above-mentioned anti-loosening mechanical fastening mechanism, a compression helical section is formed between one end of the compression helical surface and the bolt body, and a mating helical section is formed between one end of the cooperating helicoid surface and the bolt body, and when When the compression nut and the adjusting ring are circumferentially positioned, the compression helix section and the matching helix section can lean against each other; the compression helix surface and the cooperation helix surface are both involute helix surfaces. That is, the mutual positioning of the compression nut and the adjustment ring can be realized through the mutual contact between the compression helical section and the mating helical section; through the irreversible technical principle of the helical surface movement, the function of one-way movement can be realized.

In the above-mentioned anti-loosening mechanical fastening mechanism, the end of the compression nut is provided with a first involute helix, and the end surface of the first involute helix forms the above-mentioned compression helical surface, and the compression A positioning step is formed between the helical surface and the compression nut, and an annular groove for inserting the first involute helix is formed on the inner circumferential side of the end of the adjusting ring, and the annular groove has a The second involute helix matched with the wire helix, and the end surface of the second involute helix forms the above-mentioned matching helical surface, and the annular groove forms a matching step matching the positioning step. That is, the above-mentioned positioning step is inserted into the matching step until the matching helical surface abuts against the pressing helical surface and cannot continue to rotate according to the locking direction of the pressing nut thread. Here, the first involute helix is inserted into the annular groove And it cooperates with the second involute helix, which improves the stability of the connection.

In the above-mentioned anti-loosening mechanical fastening mechanism, the helical direction of the pressing helical surface and the mating helical surface is the same as the helical direction of the threaded section of the bolt body connected to the compression nut. This ensures that the one-way rotation direction satisfies the anti-loosening requirements of the fastening mechanism.

In the above-mentioned anti-loosening mechanical fastening mechanism, the axial positioning structure includes an annular groove arranged on the inner side of the end of the adjustment ring, and the end of the anti-loosening nut has an annular groove corresponding to the annular groove. The annular bead is inserted into the annular groove, the annular groove is provided with a number of balls in the circumferential direction, and the circumferential outer side of the annular bead is provided with at least one annular stopper corresponding to the balls. groove, and an elastic support assembly that enables the ball to abut against the annular limiting groove is provided between the ball and the adjusting ring. That is, the annular bead and the annular groove are axially positioned relative to each other by the ball abutting against the arrangement in the annular limiting groove.

In the above-mentioned anti-loosening mechanical fastening mechanism, the elastic support assembly includes a plurality of accommodating holes arranged on the circumferential inner side of the annular groove, the balls are respectively arranged in the accommodating holes and There is an elastic supporting member that can expose the side of the ball to the accommodating hole. Preferably, the elastic supporting member here is a spring, and the spring abuts against the ball so that the outside of the ball is exposed to the accommodating hole.

In the above-mentioned anti-loosening mechanical fastening mechanism, the circumferential positioning structure includes a number of positioning holes arranged on the outer side of the adjustment ring and arranged along the axial direction of the adjustment ring, and the anti-loosening nut is provided with At least one matching hole arranged axially along the anti-loosening nut, the matching hole corresponds to any one of the positioning holes, and the positioning hole is connected to the matching hole through a positioning column. The matching hole corresponds to one of the positioning holes and is connected through the positioning column, so that the circumferential positioning of the anti-loosening nut and the adjusting ring is realized.

In the above-mentioned anti-loosening mechanical fastening mechanism, the matching hole is a stepped hole with a radial positioning groove in the middle, and the positioning hole is uniformly distributed in the circumferential direction; the positioning column includes a The rigid cylinder in the matching hole and the positioning hole and the elastic cylinder arranged at the outer end of the rigid cylinder and has a positioning convex ring embedded in the positioning groove.

In the above-mentioned anti-loosening mechanical fastening mechanism, the bolt body is composed of a first bolt shank and a second bolt shank coaxial with different diameters, and two thread segments are respectively formed on the first bolt shank and the second bolt shank in sequence. On the bolt shank, the compression nut is set on the first bolt shank, the anti-loosening nut is set on the second bolt shank, and the diameter of the first bolt shank is larger than that of the second bolt The diameter of the rod; the threads of the two thread segments of the bolt body and the threads of the compression nut and the anti-loosening nut respectively constitute a compression thread pair and an anti-loosening thread pair. This can ensure that the compression nut and the anti-loosening nut can be smoothly sleeved on the first bolt rod and the second bolt rod respectively.

Compared with the existing technology, the advantages of the anti-loosening mechanical fastening mechanism are: reasonable design, simple structure, high connection strength, good stability, can prevent loosening during connection, and have self-locking function.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is a structural schematic diagram provided by the utility model.

Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of a half-section structure provided by the utility model.

Fig. 3 is an enlarged view of A in Fig. 2 .

Fig. 4 is a half-section schematic diagram of the compression nut provided by the utility model.

Fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of a half-section structure of the adjusting ring provided by the present invention.

Fig. 6 is a schematic diagram of a half-section structure of the anti-loosening nut provided by the utility model.

Fig. 7 is a schematic structural view of the bolt body provided by the present invention.

In the figure, a bolt body 1, a first bolt shank 11, a second bolt shank 12, a compression nut 2, an anti-loosening nut 3, an adjustment ring 4, a one-way rotation structure 5, a compression helical surface 51, a positioning step 52, Cooperating helical surface 53, coordinating step 54, first involute helix 55, annular groove 56, second involute helix 57, pressing helix section 58, cooperating helix section 59, circumferential positioning structure 6, positioning hole 61 , matching hole 62, positioning column 63, axial positioning structure 7, annular groove 71, annular bead 72, ball 73, annular limit groove 74, accommodating hole 75, compression thread pair 8, anti-loosening thread pair 9 , One-way rotating helicoid pair 10.

detailed description

Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing and specific embodiment, the utility model is described in further detail.

As shown in Figure 1-2, the anti-loosening mechanical fastening mechanism includes a bolt body 1, and the bolt body 1 has two threaded segments respectively connected with the compression nut 2 and the anti-loosening nut 3, and the two The thread direction of the threaded section is opposite. The bolt body 1 is provided with an adjustment ring 4 between the compression nut 2 and the anti-loosening nut 3. The compression nut 2 and the adjustment ring 4 are connected by a one-way rotation structure 5. When the compression nut 2 has a circumferential rotation movement or movement tendency away from the anti-loosening nut 3 side, the compression nut 2 can rotate in the circumferential direction relative to the adjustment ring 4 and when the compression nut 2 has a side toward the anti-loosening nut 3 During the circumferential rotation movement or movement trend, the compression nut 2 is positioned circumferentially with the adjustment ring 4 through the one-way rotation structure 5, and an arrangement between the adjustment ring 4 and the anti-loosening nut 3 can make the adjustment ring 4 and the anti-loosening nut 3 Circumferential positioning structure 6 for circumferential positioning, and an axial positioning structure 7 for axial positioning of the adjusting ring 4 and the anti-loosening nut 3 is also provided between the adjusting ring 4 and the anti-loosening nut 3. When in use, the axial positioning structure 7 The function of the positioning structure 7 is that when the compression nut 2 moves downward, due to the existence of the axial positioning structure 7, the adjustment ring 4 and the anti-loosening nut 3 are axially positioned, so that the adjustment ring 4 will not move downward with the gravity , when the compression nut 2 rotates in a circumferential direction or moves toward the side away from the anti-loosening nut 3, the compression nut 2 can rotate in the circumferential direction relative to the adjustment ring 4, that is, when the compression nut 2 moves toward the locking direction, the compression The compression nut 2 can rotate in the circumferential direction relative to the adjustment ring 4, so that the compression nut 2 and the adjustment ring 4 are separated from each other. When the compressed object exists, this movement will be prevented in a certain range. The structure 5 will not break away from the bolt body 1; when the compression nut 2 has a circumferential rotation movement or movement trend toward the anti-loosening nut 3 side, the compression nut 2 is positioned circumferentially with the adjustment ring 4 through the one-way rotation structure 5, and at the same time Because the positioning structure positions the adjustment ring 4 and the anti-loosening nut 3 together, and the thread of the compression nut 2 and the thread of the anti-loosening nut 3 are threads in opposite directions, so that the compression nut 2 cannot face the side of the anti-loosening nut 3 Circumferential rotation, but the rotational potential energy of the compression nut 2 is transmitted to the anti-loosening nut 3 through the one-way rotation structure 5 through the adjustment ring 4, which drives the circumferential rotation movement of the anti-loosening nut 3 to the side of the compression nut 2 Or movement trend, so that the compression nut 2 is always in a continuous self-tightening process, and then realizes the self-locking function of this mechanism, and at the same time due to the circumferential positioning of the anti-loosening nut 3 and the adjustment ring 4 and due to the one-way rotation structure 5 Existence makes the anti-loosening nut 3 unable to break away from the bolt body 1 .

Specifically, as shown in Figures 1-6, the one-way rotation structure 5 here includes a compression helical surface 51 arranged at one end of the compression nut 2 and distributed in a helical shape and a matching helical surface arranged at one end of the adjustment ring 4 and distributed in a helical shape 53. The compression helical surface 51 is matched with the compression helicoid surface 51 to form a one-way rotation helicoid pair 10. When the compression nut 2 has a circumferential rotation movement or movement tendency toward the side of the anti-loosening nut 3, due to the The pressing helical surface 51 and the mating helical surface 53 abut against each other to enable the circumferential positioning of the compression nut 2 and the adjusting ring 4. Obviously, the structure of the one-way rotation structure 5 is various, and those skilled in the art can also choose other structures. Here, a compression helical section 54 is formed between one end of the compression helical surface 51 and the bolt body 1, and a matching helical section 56 is formed between one end of the cooperating helical surface 53 and the bolt body 1, and when the compression nut 2 and the adjustment ring 4 circumferentially During positioning, the compression helical section 54 and the mating helical section 56 can abut against each other, that is, the compression helical section 54 abuts against the cooperating helical section 56 until it cannot continue to rotate according to the thread locking direction of the compression nut 2, thereby realizing compression. The tight nut 2 and the adjusting ring 4 are mutually positioned. Preferably, the pressing helicoid 51 and the mating helicoid 53 here are both involute helicoids, that is, through the irreversible technical principle of helical surface movement, so as to realize the function of one-way movement.

Preferably, the end of the compression nut 2 here is provided with a first involute helix 55, and the end surface of the first involute helix 55 forms the above-mentioned compression helicoid 51, and the connection between the compression helix 51 and the compression nut 2 A positioning step 52 is formed between them, and an annular groove 56 for inserting the first involute helix 55 is formed on the inner side of the end of the adjustment ring 4, and there is a second involute helix 55 in the annular groove 56 that matches the first involute helix 55. The involute helix 57, and the end surface of the second involute helix 57 forms the above-mentioned matching helix 53, and the annular groove 56 forms a matching step 54 that matches the positioning step 52, that is, the first involute helix 55 is inserted here. It is in the annular groove 56 and cooperates with the second involute helix 57, which improves the stability of the connection. In order to ensure that the one-way rotation direction meets the anti-loosening requirements of the fastening mechanism, the pressing helical surface 51 here And the helical direction of the matching helical surface 53 is the same as the helical direction of the helical section of the threaded section connected to the compression nut 2 on the bolt body 1 .

Further, as shown in Figures 1-3, the axial positioning structure 7 here includes an annular groove 71 arranged on the inner side of the end of the adjustment ring 4, and the end of the anti-loosening nut 3 has a Corresponding annular bead 72 and described annular bead 72 are inserted in the annular groove 71, and described annular groove 71 is provided with a plurality of balls 73 circumferentially to the inner side, and described annular bead 72 is provided with at least An annular limiting groove 74 corresponding to the ball 73, and an elastic support assembly that enables the ball 73 to abut against the annular limiting groove 74 is provided between the ball 73 and the adjustment ring 4, that is, through the ball 73 The abutting arrangement in the annular limiting groove 74 makes the annular protruding ring 72 and the annular groove 71 mutually axially positioned. Wherein, the elastic support assembly includes a plurality of accommodating holes 75 arranged on the circumferential inner side of the annular groove 71, and the balls 73 are respectively arranged in the accommodating holes 75 and are provided in the accommodating holes 75 so that the sides of the balls 73 can be exposed. The elastic supporting member in the accommodating hole 75 , preferably, the elastic supporting member here is a spring, and the spring abuts against the ball 73 so that the outer side of the ball 73 is exposed in the accommodating hole 75 .

Furthermore, as shown in Fig. 1-2 and Fig. 5-7, the circumferential positioning structure 6 here includes a number of positioning holes 61 arranged on the outer side of the adjusting ring 4 and arranged axially along the adjusting ring 4 to prevent loosening. The loose nut 3 is provided with at least one matching hole 62 arranged axially along the anti-loosening nut 3. The matching hole 62 corresponds to any one of the positioning holes 61, and the positioning hole 61 is connected to the matching hole 62 through a positioning column 63. The fitting hole 62 corresponds to one of the positioning holes 61 and is connected by a positioning column 63, so as to realize the circumferential positioning of the anti-loosening nut 3 and the adjusting ring 4, wherein preferably, the fitting hole 62 here has a radial positioning groove in the middle step holes, and the positioning holes 61 are evenly distributed in the circumferential direction; the positioning column 63 includes a rigid cylinder that passes through the fitting hole 62 and the positioning hole 61 and is arranged on the outer end of the rigid cylinder and has a The elastic cylinder of the positioning convex ring in the positioning groove. In order to ensure that the anti-loosening nut 3 and the compression nut 2 can be respectively sleeved on the bolt body 1 smoothly, the bolt body 1 here is composed of a first bolt shank 11 and a second bolt shank 12 with different diameters coaxially, and the two The threaded sections are respectively formed on the first bolt rod 11 and the second bolt rod 12 in sequence, the compression nut 2 is sleeved on the first bolt rod 11, the anti-loosening nut 3 is sleeved on the second bolt rod 12, and the second The diameter of one bolt shaft 11 is larger than the diameter of the second bolt shaft 12 . Compression nut 2 threads and the corresponding thread section thread of bolt body 1 constitute compression thread pair 8, and anti-loosening nut 3 threads and corresponding thread section thread of bolt body 1 constitute anti-loosening thread pair 9.

The specific embodiments described herein are only examples to illustrate the spirit of the present invention. Those skilled in the technical field to which the utility model belongs can make various modifications or supplements to the described specific embodiments or adopt similar methods to replace them, but they will not deviate from the spirit of the utility model or go beyond the appended claims defined range.

Although the bolt body 1, the first bolt shank 11, the second bolt shank 12, the compression nut 2, the anti-loosening nut 3, the adjustment ring 4, the one-way rotation structure 5, the compression helical surface 51, Positioning step 52, matching helical surface 53, matching step 54, first involute helix 55, annular groove 56, second involute helix 57, compression helix section 58, matching helix section 59, circumferential positioning structure 6 , positioning hole 61, matching hole 62, positioning column 63, axial positioning structure 7, annular groove 71, annular convex ring 72, ball 73, annular limit groove 74, accommodation hole 75, compression thread pair 8, anti-loosening The terminology such as unthreading pair 9, one-way rotation helical surface pair 10, but does not exclude the possibility of using other terms. These terms are only used to describe and explain the essence of the utility model more conveniently; interpreting them as any kind of additional limitation is against the spirit of the utility model.

Claims (10)

1. An anti-loosening mechanical fastening mechanism, comprising a bolt body (1), on the described bolt body (1) there are two bolts that are threadedly connected with the compression nut (2) and the anti-loosening nut (3) respectively. threaded section, and the threading directions of the two threaded sections are opposite, it is characterized in that the bolt body (1) is sleeved with an adjusting ring ( 4), the compression nut (2) and the adjustment ring (4) are connected through a one-way rotation structure (5), when the compression nut (2) has a circumferential direction away from the anti-loosening nut (3) The compression nut (2) can rotate circumferentially relative to the adjustment ring (4) during rotational movement or movement tendency, and when the compression nut (2) has a circumferential rotational movement towards the anti-loosening nut (3) or During the movement trend, the compression nut (2) is circumferentially positioned by the one-way rotation structure (5) and the adjustment ring (4), and the adjustment ring (4) and the anti-loosening nut (3) are provided with A circumferential positioning structure (6) that can position the adjusting ring (4) and the anti-loosening nut (3) in the circumferential direction, and there is also a positioning structure (6) between the adjusting ring (4) and the anti-loosening nut (3). An axial positioning structure (7) for axial positioning of the adjusting ring (4) and the anti-loosening nut (3). 2. The anti-loosening mechanical fastening mechanism according to claim 1, characterized in that, the one-way rotation structure (5) includes a compression screw arranged at one end of the compression nut (2) and distributed in a helical shape surface (51) and the matching helicoid (53) arranged at one end of the adjustment ring (4) and distributed in a spiral shape, the pressing helicoid (51) matches the pressing helicoid (51) to form a one-way rotation Helicoid pair (10). 3. The anti-loosening mechanical fastening mechanism according to claim 2, characterized in that, a compression helical section (58) is formed between one end of the compression helical surface (51) and the bolt body (1), and the A matching helical section (59) is formed between one end of the aforementioned matching helical surface (53) and the bolt body (1), and when the compression nut (2) and the adjusting ring (4) are circumferentially positioned, the compression helical section (58) and the matching helical section (59) can lean against each other; the described compression helical surface (51) and the matching helical surface (53) are all involute helical surfaces. 4. The anti-loosening mechanical fastening mechanism according to claim 3, characterized in that, the end of the compression nut (2) is provided with a first involute helix (55), and the first The end face of the involute helix (55) forms the above-mentioned compression helicoid (51), and a positioning step (52) is formed between the compression helix (51) and the compression nut (2), and the adjustment ring (4) An annular groove (56) for inserting the first involute helix (55) is formed on the inner side of the end portion, and the annular groove (56) has a The second involute helix (57), and the end surface of the second involute helix (57) forms the above-mentioned matching helix (53), and the annular groove (56) forms a matching step (52) Matching stairs (54). 5. The anti-loosening mechanical fastening mechanism according to claim 3, characterized in that, the helical direction of the pressing helicoid (51) and the mating helical surface (53) and the bolt body (1) are in contact with the pressing helicoid. The helical direction of the threaded sections connected by the tight nut (2) is the same. 6. The anti-loosening mechanical fastening mechanism according to any one of claims 1-5, characterized in that, said axial positioning structure (7) includes The inner annular groove (71), the end of the anti-loosening nut (3) has an annular bead (72) corresponding to the annular groove (71) in the circumferential inner side, and the annular bead (72) is inserted into the In the annular groove (71), a plurality of balls (73) are movable on the inner side of the annular groove (71), and at least one ball (73) corresponding to the balls (73) is arranged on the outer side of the annular bead (72). Corresponding annular limiting groove (74), and between the ball (73) and the adjustment ring (4) is provided with an elastic support assembly that enables the ball (73) to abut against the annular limiting groove (74) . 7. The anti-loosening mechanical fastening mechanism according to claim 6, characterized in that, the elastic support assembly includes a plurality of accommodating holes (75) arranged on the circumferential inner side of the annular groove (71), and the The balls (73) are respectively arranged in the accommodating holes (75) and an elastic supporting member is provided in the accommodating holes (75) so that the sides of the balls (73) are exposed to the accommodating holes (75). 8. The anti-loosening mechanical fastening mechanism according to any one of claims 1-5, characterized in that, said circumferential positioning structure (6) includes several and positioning holes (61) arranged axially along the adjusting ring (4), and at least one matching hole (62) arranged axially along the anti-loosening nut (3) on the anti-loosening nut (3) , the matching hole (62) corresponds to any one of the positioning holes (61), and the positioning hole (61) is connected to the matching hole (62) through a positioning post (63). 9. The anti-loosening mechanical fastening mechanism according to claim 8, characterized in that, the matching hole (62) is a stepped hole with a radial positioning groove in the middle, and the positioning hole (61) Evenly distributed in the circumferential direction; the positioning column (63) includes a rigid column pierced through the fitting hole (62) and the positioning hole (61) and is arranged on the outer end of the rigid column and has a positioning groove embedded in the The elastic cylinder of the positioning convex ring inside. 10. The anti-loosening mechanical fastening mechanism according to claim 1, characterized in that, the bolt body (1) is coaxial with the first bolt rod (11) and the second bolt rod (12) with different diameters Composed, and two thread segments are respectively formed on the first bolt rod (11) and the second bolt rod (12) in sequence, and the compression nut (2) is sleeved on the first bolt rod (11), so The anti-loosening nut (3) is sleeved on the second bolt rod (12), and the diameter of the first bolt rod (11) is greater than the diameter of the second bolt rod (12); the compression nut (2) The thread and the corresponding thread section thread of the bolt body (1) form a compression thread pair (8), and the anti-loosening nut (3) thread and the corresponding thread section thread of the bolt body (1) form an anti-loosening thread pair ( 9).