CN205004818U - Intelligent charger for electric bicycle - Google Patents
Intelligent charger for electric bicycle Download PDFInfo
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- CN205004818U CN205004818U CN201520678687.4U CN201520678687U CN205004818U CN 205004818 U CN205004818 U CN 205004818U CN 201520678687 U CN201520678687 U CN 201520678687U CN 205004818 U CN205004818 U CN 205004818U
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Abstract
The utility model discloses an intelligent charger for electric bicycle, it includes charging nain circuit, embedded control circuit, power management chip, voltage sampling circuit, current sampling circuit and relay control circuit. The utility model discloses an intelligent charger for electric bicycle adopts syllogic charge mode, adopts the embedded control circuit as the control end of whole charger simultaneously, carries out the accurate control to the charging process through the embedded control circuit, realizes electric motor car lead -acid batteries parameter detection, charges, outage, power shortage compensation and battery exception handling, compares in on the market charger performance highlyer with the security. Furtherly detects the battery and is full of back accessible embedded control circuit control relay control circuit automatic disconnection charging loops, prevents the overlength because of charge time, leads to battery swell, flowing water, avoids the potential safety hazard of electric motor car because of harmfully charging and arousing.
Description
Technical field
The utility model relates to charger field, the charger of specifically a kind of electric motor car.
Background technology
Emerging vehicles electric motor car, energy-conservation with it, emission-free discharge, muting advantage is subject to the favor of people.And lead acid accumulator is one of core component of electric motor car, often can see that electric motor car causes damage because battery charging overshoot causes fire from news back warp.By inquiry, lead-acid battery lost efficacy, battery bulge, and useful life shortens, and had the charge reason of overshoot of the reason system of more than 70% to cause, and the wide-spread a word of industry is: battery be not damage but fill bad.
Now more common charging modes is three stage charging modes, theoretical according to three stage charging modes, charge efficiency not only can be made greatly to increase, shorten the charging interval, all right battery maintenance, unlikely easy damage.Three stage charge modes comprise: constant large current charge, constant-potential charge, the floating punching of step-down.
Namely constant current charge carries out two-forty charging with a big current.So just can recover battery power fast, after constant current charge terminates, often can recover the electric energy of battery 85%.At this time electric current usually can reach and be stabilized in about 2A, therefore can be called constant current charge, is also fill the stage soon.Constant voltage charge is the process of a trickle charge.Because after constant current charge, battery energy storage has only recovered about 85%, now then should supply charging.At this time cell voltage continues to raise, and charger output voltage should keep stable, reduces the electrical potential difference between charger and battery with this, reaches to reduce the object that electric current supplies charging, and therefore this stage is called constant voltage charge.Supplying the charging later stage, battery is substantially saturated and charge time electric current little to a certain extent time, at this time carry out charging until end of charging with a less electric current.
Traditional charger adopts current feedback ring and Voltage Feedback ring to compare to feed back to export by amplifier and control optocoupler at feedback fraction usually, as the Voltage loop input signal of power supply chip control circuit, forms a complete feedback loop.The Voltage loop feedback of conventional charger is output feedback signal after being compared with source of stable pressure after dividing potential drop by output voltage, belongs to hardware controls mode, has certain limitation.And it lacks autonomous power down function, long-time charging will damage battery, even causes some security incidents.
Utility model content
The purpose of this utility model is to provide a kind of Intelligent charger for electric bicycle, and it accurately can control lead-acid battery charging process, avoids the potential safety hazard that electric motor car causes because of bad charging.
To achieve these goals, the utility model adopts following technical scheme:
A kind of Intelligent charger for electric bicycle, comprises charging main circuit, embedded Control circuit, power management chip, voltage sampling circuit, current sampling circuit and control relay circuit;
Charging main circuit comprises the current rectifying and wave filtering circuit, switching tube, transformer and the DC output circuit that connect successively, and the input of current rectifying and wave filtering circuit connects civil power, and the output of DC output circuit connects battery;
Voltage sampling circuit is connected the output of DC output circuit respectively with the input of current sampling circuit;
Embedded Control circuit comprises main control chip, D/A modular converter and A/D modular converter, main control chip is built-in with PI controller, the output of voltage sampling circuit and current sampling circuit is all connected to the input of A/D modular converter, the output of A/D modular converter is connected to the input of the PI controller of main control chip, and the output of main control chip is connected to the input of D/A modular converter;
The power supply output of the feeder ear connection transformer of power management chip, the feedback input end of power management chip connects the output of D/A modular converter, power management chip recommend the control end that output is connected to switching tube;
Control relay circuit is connected in order to access or disconnection civil power between civil power and current rectifying and wave filtering circuit, and an output of the main control chip of embedded Control circuit is connected to the control end of control relay circuit.
The main control chip of above-mentioned embedded Control circuit adopts STM32F103.
After adopting such scheme, a kind of Intelligent charger for electric bicycle of the present utility model, adopt three stage charging system mode, adopt embedded Control circuit as the control end of whole charger simultaneously, by embedded Control circuit, charging process is accurately controlled, realize electric motor car lead-acid battery parameter detecting, charging, power-off, power shortage compensate and battery abnormality processing, compared to charger performance on the market and fail safe higher.
Further, detect after battery is full of and automatically disconnect charge circuit by embedded Control circuit control relay control circuit, prevent from, because the charging interval is long, causing battery bulge, flowing water, avoid the potential safety hazard that electric motor car causes because of bad charging.
Further, after main charging power-off, do not use vehicle for a long time because of user and do not extract charger, system can cycle detection cell voltage under the control of embedded system by voltage sampling circuit and current sampling circuit, carry out benefit electricity when cell voltage drops to certain value, ensure the use of vehicle and ensure that battery can not because too much damaging without power shortage for a long time.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is schematic block circuit diagram of the present utility model;
Fig. 2 is the circuit theory diagrams of main circuit and power management chip of charging in the utility model;
Fig. 3 is the circuit theory diagrams of voltage sampling circuit in the utility model;
Fig. 4 is the circuit theory diagrams of current sampling circuit in the utility model;
Fig. 5 is the circuit theory diagrams of embedded Control circuit in the utility model;
Fig. 6 is the output waveform figure of constant big current stage power management chip in embodiment;
Fig. 7 is the output waveform figure of power management chip when the constant-potential charge stage, output current was 1.5A in embodiment;
Fig. 8 is the output waveform figure of power management chip when the constant-potential charge stage, output current was 1A in embodiment;
Fig. 9 is the output waveform figure of floating charge stage power management chip in embodiment;
Figure 10 is voltage, the current curve diagram of battery in charging process in embodiment.
Embodiment
A kind of Intelligent charger for electric bicycle of the present utility model, as shown in Figure 1, comprises charging main circuit, embedded Control circuit, power management chip, voltage sampling circuit, current sampling circuit and control relay circuit;
Charging main circuit comprises the current rectifying and wave filtering circuit, switching tube, transformer and the DC output circuit that connect successively, and the input of current rectifying and wave filtering circuit connects civil power, and the output of DC output circuit connects battery;
Voltage sampling circuit is connected the output of DC output circuit respectively with the input of current sampling circuit;
Embedded Control circuit comprises main control chip (STM32F103), D/A modular converter and A/D modular converter, main control chip is built-in with PI controller, the output of voltage sampling circuit and current sampling circuit is all connected to the input of A/D modular converter, the output of A/D modular converter is connected to the input of the PI controller of main control chip, the output of main control chip is connected to the input of D/A modular converter, and another output of main control chip is connected with LCD display;
The power supply output of the feeder ear connection transformer of power management chip, the feedback input end of power management chip connects the output of D/A modular converter, power management chip recommend the control end that output is connected to switching tube;
Control relay circuit is connected in order to access or disconnection civil power between civil power and current rectifying and wave filtering circuit, and an output of the main control chip of embedded Control circuit is connected to the control end of control relay circuit.
With specific embodiment, the utility model is described in detail below.
Charging main circuit as shown in Figure 2, after the bidirectional low-pass filter filtering that the civil power of single-phase 220V/50HZ forms via electric capacity C14, C11, inductance T2, after rectifier bridge stack D2 rectification, obtain the direct current of 310V again, this direct current charges to battery through high frequency transformer T1, power switch pipe Q1 and high-frequency rectification diode D1.High frequency transformer T1 has 3 secondary L2, L3 and L4, corresponding three outputs of these three secondary.This charging main circuit is single-end flyback switching power supply.
The ON time of power switch pipe Q1 is that the duty ratio exported by power management chip U2 determines, therefore by changing output voltage and the electric current of power management chip U2 output duty cycle and adjustable whole charging system.The direct current of charger exports and controls, and the conversion of three stage charging system process is mainly controlled by power management chip U2.
As shown in Figure 2,1 pin of power supply control chip U2 is the output port of its error amplifier, improving the frequency characteristic of error amplifier and the object of gain, connecting resistance R9 and electric capacity C10 between 1 pin and 2 pin to reach; 2 pin of power supply control chip U2 are the inputs of its feedback voltage, and the feedback voltage of input and this reference voltage of 2.5V compare, and can form an error voltage, can be changed the pulse duration of output by this error; 3 pin of power supply control chip U2 are its current sense input, when detecting voltage and being greater than 1V, reduce pulse duration, make power supply be in discontinuous operation state; 4 pin of power supply control chip U2 are its timing end; The 5 pin ground connection of power supply control chip U2; 6 pin of power supply control chip U2 recommend output for it, output drive signal; 7 pin of power supply control chip U2 are feeder ears; 8 pin of power supply control chip U2 are reference voltage output end.The output of the secondary L2 of transformer is connected with 7 pin of power supply control chip U2 after rectifying and wave-filtering, powers to power supply control chip U2 as feeder ear.Be connected with resistance R16 between 8 pin of power supply control chip U2 and 4 pin, electric capacity C15 is connected between 4 pin of power supply control chip U2 and ground.Resistance R16 and electric capacity C15 determines the internal oscillation frequency of power supply control chip U2, also determines the pwm signal frequency that power supply control chip U2 exports.When the resistance of resistance R16 is 15 × 10
3the capacitance of Ω, electric capacity C15 is 33 × 10
-10during F, pwm signal frequency is:
f＝1.72/(R
T·C
T)＝1.72/(15×10
3×33×10
-10)＝34.7KHz。
Photoelectrical coupler IC1 output feedack is connected with 2 pin of power supply control chip U2 through resistance R13, is cell voltage feedback signal.This feedback signal inputs 2.5V reference voltage with the end in the same way of the error amplifier of power supply control chip U2 and compares, and exports an error amplification signal through error amplifier, so just forms a voltage close loop and controls.Resistance R19 is current limliting end current sampling resistor, is connected to 3 pin (current sense input) of power supply control chip U2 through resistance R23.When exporting change, the electric current of sampling resistor R19 changes thereupon, and the input in the same way of the circuit comparator of power supply control chip U2 changes thereupon, constitutes a closed-loop current control.Voltage close loop control and closed-loop current control constitute a complete double loop system, maintain the stable of whole charging system.
Charge start time, because the voltage of battery is low, the input signal of Voltage loop is smaller, and charging current is larger, and the input signal of electric current loop is large, its control action be current loop control signal, Voltage loop signal does not participate in control.Charging current remains unchanged substantially, is at this moment constant current charge.Along with the increase in charging interval, cell voltage continues to rise, and the voltage of output constantly increases, and the signal of Voltage loop is increasing.When the signal of Voltage loop is greater than the signal of electric current loop, what now play control action is Voltage loop control signal, and current loop control Signal Fail, output voltage is substantially constant, reaches Isobarically Control.The 6 pin power supply signal outputs of power supply control chip U2 are through resistance R11 Direct driver power switch pipe Q1.Power supply control chip U2, by exporting the drive singal of different duty, controls the ON time of power switch pipe Q1, thus changes the output of charger.
In order to make embedded Control circuit can real-time monitor cell voltage electric current, voltage, current sampling circuit must be introduced in circuit.Because battery voltage range is at 40-60V in charging process, electric current, between 0.1A-3A, therefore needs by being just input in the middle of ADC after change-over circuit.
Voltage sampling circuit as shown in Figure 3, the feedback signal of voltage after R25, R27 two high-precision electric resistance partial pressures, enters voltage follower again by the output voltage of charger output through a low pass filter be made up of resistance R26, electric capacity C17 to export, and enters in ADC.The resistance of divider resistance R25, R27 is respectively 10K Ω, 120K Ω, and when maximum output voltage is 60V, the output of voltage follower is 4.6V, is rational to AD input.
Current sampling circuit as shown in Figure 4, adopts accurate three amplifier sample circuits, guarantees charging accuracy.The resistance RS got in charging main circuit is current sampling resistor, and differential amplifier circuit can avoid temperature drift phenomenon effectively, and therefore sample rate current exports through differential amplifier circuit here, ensures the precision of sampling.Its multiplication factor is: A=RS × (1+2 × 20K/10K)/10K.If sampling resistor RS is 0.5 Ω, sample rate current between 0.1A-3A, then input voltage U
ifor 0.05V-1.5V.The resistance changing resistance RS can the multiplication factor of regulating circuit.In order to ensure the precision gathered, getting multiplication factor is 3 times, then the resistance of resistance R5 gets 6K.Output voltage is: U
o=A × U
i.
Embedded Control circuit as shown in Figure 5, comprises main control chip U1 and A/D, D/A acquisition module U3, main control chip U1 adopts STM32F103, be built-in with PI controller in main control chip U1, and A/D, D/A acquisition module U3 adopts PCF8591.Clock line SCL is connected with PB6, PB7 of main control chip U1 respectively with bidirectional data line SDA, the output of current sampling circuit is inputted by A-IN, the output of voltage sampling circuit is inputted by V-IN, main control chip U1 judges according to this value and preset value, analog quantity is exported by the AOUT mouth of A/D, D/A acquisition module U3, send into the input of photoelectrical coupler IC1 (PC817), as the feedback signal of power management chip U2.
In control procedure, require to set charge power according to three stage charging system during system works, through certain time delay, read the input value of feedback AD, the preset value charged with three stages compares and obtains deviate, and deviate exports to control object by PI controller built-in in main control chip U1.When system is because of when such as external voltage change changes, system can carry out oneself's adjustment, controls output duty cycle.
Embedded Control circuit is mainly used in charging process voltage, electric current are carried out to sampling monitoring, logic control and LCD and show.To voltage sampling signal and comparing of pre-seting, judge charged state, by D/A change-over circuit output voltage, as the input of photoelectrical coupler IC1, control the output of photoelectrical coupler IC1, then by the change of power management chip U2 output pulse width, power switch pipe Q1 is controlled, output voltage is changed.After embedded Control electric circuit inspection is full of to battery, by a port of its main control chip U1, export a high level, the action of control relay control circuit, make charging main circuit firmly depart from electrical network, ensure that circuit and battery charge safely and save energy consumption.After power-off, embedded Control circuit detects battery status by predetermined period, after making voltage lose certain value, continues to mend electricity at battery owing to naturally discharging, and ensures that battery does not damage because of long-term use.When in the flow process of charging at each, calculated by capacity check and charge cycle, when in the time of arranging, battery can not reach stage capacity requirement, also just battery failure is represented, now main charge power supply initiatively will depart from electrical network, and must safeguard battery at lcd screen reminding user, ensure charging safety.
A kind of Intelligent charger for electric bicycle of the utility model, its circuit test results is as follows:
At constant current charging phase, export sampled voltage and do not reach limit value, the D/A change-over circuit of embedded Control circuit exports a value and photoelectrical coupler IC1 is ended, and feed back to power management chip U2, the error amplifier output signal of power management chip U2 is constant.When the value that the current detecting end (3 pin) that electric current exceedes power management chip U2 limits, power supply is in intermittent condition, and work so repeatedly makes output current remain at the value of setting.Therefore, under constant current charge, the duty ratio that power management chip U2 exports is fixed all the time.Through record constant big current stage power management chip U2 output waveform as shown in Figure 6.
In the constant-potential charge stage, sampled voltage is greater than set point, and the D/A change-over circuit of embedded Control circuit exports a value, makes photoelectrical coupler IC1 conducting, and the output of photoelectrical coupler IC1 is as the input signal of power management chip U2 terminal voltage detecting end.When output voltage is constant, the input signal of voltage detecting end is also constant, and the error amplifier of power management chip U2 exports constant, and power management chip U2 output duty cycle is constant.When output voltage increases, the error amplifier of power management chip U2 exports and diminishes, and causes the output duty cycle of power management chip U2 to diminish, output voltage is diminished, realize constant voltage output function with this.Here output waveform is recorded when output current is 1.5A and 1A as shown in Figure 7, Figure 8.
In the floating charge stage because battery is full of, charger only need to charge to battery with a constant small area analysis and make up battery due to the loss that causes of naturally discharging.Main control chip U1 exports an invariable higher value by D/A change-over circuit, makes power management chip U2 internal error amplifier output signal become very little, exports a fixing little duty ratio all the time, reaches the floating charge stage.Now record power management chip U2 output waveform as shown in Figure 9.
Can be found out by above Fig. 6-Fig. 9, power management chip U2 changes the output of charger by the pwm signal exporting different duty, reaches intelligent charge.
In charging process, the voltage of storage battery, current curve are as shown in Figure 10, and when charging starts, in order to ensure constant current charge, the output voltage of charger rises along with the rising of battery tension.Along with the carrying out of charging, cell voltage constantly rises, and charger is in order to the battery maintenance life-span, supplies charging simultaneously, must reduce charging current.Therefore charger keeps output voltage constant, reduces the electrical potential difference between storage battery, thus ensures that output current reduces.
A kind of Intelligent charger for electric bicycle of the present utility model, adopting power management chip PWM to control to combine with STM32, can adopt Three stage mode charging method when charging.By embedded real-time detection cell voltage and charging current, compare with preset value, judge the charged state of present battery, and feed back to power management chip.Power management chip, by exporting different duty, changes the output voltage of charger, regulates charged state.After tested, intelligent charger can realize the adjustment to battery state of charge well, charges according to three stage charge modes, in real time display current charging voltage and electric current.After detection battery is full of, control relay disconnects civil power, protection battery.By cycle detection cell voltage, can continue charging when cell voltage drops to predetermined value, the moment keeps battery to be in full power state, reaches the effect of intelligent charge.
Claims (2)
1. an Intelligent charger for electric bicycle, is characterized in that: comprise charging main circuit, embedded Control circuit, power management chip, voltage sampling circuit, current sampling circuit and control relay circuit;
Charging main circuit comprises the current rectifying and wave filtering circuit, switching tube, transformer and the DC output circuit that connect successively, and the input of current rectifying and wave filtering circuit connects civil power, and the output of DC output circuit connects battery;
Voltage sampling circuit is connected the output of DC output circuit respectively with the input of current sampling circuit;
Embedded Control circuit comprises main control chip, D/A modular converter and A/D modular converter, main control chip is built-in with PI controller, the output of voltage sampling circuit and current sampling circuit is all connected to the input of A/D modular converter, the output of A/D modular converter is connected to the input of the PI controller of main control chip, and the output of main control chip is connected to the input of D/A modular converter;
The power supply output of the feeder ear connection transformer of power management chip, the feedback input end of power management chip connects the output of D/A modular converter, power management chip recommend the control end that output is connected to switching tube;
Control relay circuit is connected in order to access or disconnection civil power between civil power and current rectifying and wave filtering circuit, and an output of the main control chip of embedded Control circuit is connected to the control end of control relay circuit.
2. a kind of Intelligent charger for electric bicycle according to claim 1, is characterized in that: the main control chip of above-mentioned embedded Control circuit adopts STM32F103.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201520678687.4U CN205004818U (en) | 2015-09-02 | 2015-09-02 | Intelligent charger for electric bicycle |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201520678687.4U CN205004818U (en) | 2015-09-02 | 2015-09-02 | Intelligent charger for electric bicycle |
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| CN201520678687.4U Expired - Fee Related CN205004818U (en) | 2015-09-02 | 2015-09-02 | Intelligent charger for electric bicycle |
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Cited By (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN105048613A (en) * | 2015-09-02 | 2015-11-11 | 泉州市海通电子设备有限公司 | Electric vehicle intelligent charger |
| CN106253285A (en) * | 2016-10-12 | 2016-12-21 | 北京新能源汽车股份有限公司 | A kind of vehicle-mounted bidirectional charger, electric automobile and mains by harmonics compensation method |
| CN106253397A (en) * | 2016-08-23 | 2016-12-21 | 北京新能源汽车股份有限公司 | A kind of integrated charger and energy emission system |
| CN107215236A (en) * | 2017-07-07 | 2017-09-29 | 镇江市辰辉电子科技有限公司 | Electric car charge timing power-down control device |
| CN108321903A (en) * | 2018-03-14 | 2018-07-24 | 合肥飞吉信息技术有限公司 | A kind of Intelligent control charging device and its charging method |
| CN110442177A (en) * | 2019-08-12 | 2019-11-12 | 中国科学技术大学 | A kind of power control system |
-
2015
- 2015-09-02 CN CN201520678687.4U patent/CN205004818U/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Cited By (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN105048613A (en) * | 2015-09-02 | 2015-11-11 | 泉州市海通电子设备有限公司 | Electric vehicle intelligent charger |
| CN106253397A (en) * | 2016-08-23 | 2016-12-21 | 北京新能源汽车股份有限公司 | A kind of integrated charger and energy emission system |
| CN106253285A (en) * | 2016-10-12 | 2016-12-21 | 北京新能源汽车股份有限公司 | A kind of vehicle-mounted bidirectional charger, electric automobile and mains by harmonics compensation method |
| CN106253285B (en) * | 2016-10-12 | 2019-01-29 | 北京新能源汽车股份有限公司 | A kind of vehicle-mounted bidirectional charger, electric car and mains by harmonics compensation method |
| CN107215236A (en) * | 2017-07-07 | 2017-09-29 | 镇江市辰辉电子科技有限公司 | Electric car charge timing power-down control device |
| CN108321903A (en) * | 2018-03-14 | 2018-07-24 | 合肥飞吉信息技术有限公司 | A kind of Intelligent control charging device and its charging method |
| CN110442177A (en) * | 2019-08-12 | 2019-11-12 | 中国科学技术大学 | A kind of power control system |
| CN110442177B (en) * | 2019-08-12 | 2020-12-25 | 中国科学技术大学 | Power supply control system |
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| C14 | Grant of patent or utility model | ||
| GR01 | Patent grant | ||
| CF01 | Termination of patent right due to non-payment of annual fee | ||
| CF01 | Termination of patent right due to non-payment of annual fee |
Granted publication date: 20160127 Termination date: 20180902 |