CN204945233U - A kind of power distribution network over-voltage monitoring sensor device - Google Patents
A kind of power distribution network over-voltage monitoring sensor device Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本实用新型公开了一种配电网过电压监测传感器装置，其特点是以柔性高分子材料作为电容介质，并将电极制成金属薄膜的形式，相比于传统的刚性材料制成的传感器，其柔软可弯折，安装后能与电缆终端表面良好贴合，增大了传感器的有效耦合面积，提高检测的灵敏性。贴片式电容传感器利用配电网电力电缆线芯和外半导电层之间的电容C1及电缆外半导电层和大地之间的电容C2构成分压，实现对配电网过电压波形的采集，从而对配电网在过电压运行环境下的安全性进行评估，确保配电网的安全可靠运行。贴片式容性传感器具有安全可靠、灵敏度高、成本低、体积小和容易安装的优点。
The utility model discloses a distribution network overvoltage monitoring sensor device, which is characterized in that a flexible polymer material is used as a capacitor medium, and the electrode is made into a form of a metal film. Compared with a sensor made of a traditional rigid material, It is soft and bendable, and can fit well with the surface of the cable terminal after installation, which increases the effective coupling area of the sensor and improves the sensitivity of detection. SMD capacitive sensor uses the capacitance C1 between the power cable core and the outer semiconducting layer of the distribution network and the capacitance C2 between the outer semiconducting layer of the cable and the earth to form a voltage divider to realize the overvoltage waveform of the distribution network. The collection can evaluate the safety of the distribution network in the overvoltage operating environment and ensure the safe and reliable operation of the distribution network. SMD capacitive sensors have the advantages of safety and reliability, high sensitivity, low cost, small size and easy installation.
Description
技术领域technical field
本实用新型涉及一种配电网过电压监测传感器装置，用于配电网中过电压的实时监测，属于过电压监测技术领域。The utility model relates to a distribution network overvoltage monitoring sensor device, which is used for real-time monitoring of the overvoltage in the distribution network and belongs to the technical field of overvoltage monitoring.
背景技术Background technique
社会经济的发展使得电能成为日益重要的能源，各行业对电能的需求越来越多，且对电能质量的要求也越来越高。因此配电网的建设迅速发展起来，过电压对配电网安全的影响越来越受到重视。过电压包括外部过电压和内部过电压，外部过电压主要指雷电过电压和大气过电压，而内部过电压指的是操作过电压和谐振过电压。随着各供电公司配网自动化系统陆续地投入使用，开关操作次数和没有使用该系统前相比多了数倍，而一些电缆接头或电缆本体因老化等原因可能本身就存在缺陷，在如此频繁的操作过电压冲击下，这很容易导致击穿故障和停电事故的增加。这给配电网的安全运行及管理带来了新的挑战。操作过电压是指由线路故障、空载线路投切、操作空载变压器投切或其它原因在系统中引起的相对地或相间瞬态过电压。目前，国内对电缆及其附件在操作过电压下的影响研究甚少，在操作过电压对电缆及其附件的危害方面认识不够，而国外研究了操作过电压对电缆的老化、击穿，也研究了工频与操作过电压联合作用对电缆的老化、击穿，这些研究加深了操作过电压对电缆的影响的认识。美国、加拿大和欧洲国家相继出台了一些限制措施和操作标准，并在10多年前就开始了相关的研究，对操作过电压的影响进行评估和预防。目前，我国一些大城市供电局在投入配网自动化系统后，开关操作迅速增加许多倍，很容易引起操作过电压或者谐振过电压，从而导致电缆故障大量的增加，因此目前大家开始对过电压的影响进行关注。目前配电网过电压的录波装置主要采用电压互感器(PT)、电容分压器或者阻容分压器采集过电压的信号。然而电压互感器受限于频率响应，对很多快速变化的过电压不能采集。而电容分压器或者阻容分压器长时间并联在电缆上，会产生大量的热量，对分压器本省造成影响，也会给整套检测设备带来安全隐患。因此有必要发明一种新的配电网过电压监测传感器。The development of social economy makes electric energy become an increasingly important energy source. Various industries have more and more demands for electric energy, and the requirements for electric energy quality are also getting higher and higher. Therefore, the construction of distribution network has developed rapidly, and the influence of overvoltage on the safety of distribution network has been paid more and more attention. Overvoltage includes external overvoltage and internal overvoltage. External overvoltage mainly refers to lightning overvoltage and atmospheric overvoltage, while internal overvoltage refers to operating overvoltage and resonance overvoltage. As the distribution network automation systems of various power supply companies have been put into use one after another, the number of switching operations has increased several times compared with that before the system was not used, and some cable joints or cable bodies may have defects due to aging and other reasons. Under the impact of operating overvoltage, it is easy to lead to the increase of breakdown faults and power outages. This brings new challenges to the safe operation and management of distribution network. Operating overvoltage refers to the phase-to-ground or phase-to-phase transient overvoltage caused by line faults, no-load line switching, operating no-load transformer switching or other reasons. At present, there are few domestic studies on the influence of cables and their accessories under operating overvoltage, and insufficient understanding of the hazards of operating overvoltages on cables and their accessories. The aging and breakdown of cables caused by the joint action of power frequency and operating overvoltage have been studied. These studies have deepened the understanding of the influence of operating overvoltage on cables. The United States, Canada, and European countries have successively issued some restrictive measures and operating standards, and started related research more than 10 years ago to evaluate and prevent the impact of operating overvoltage. At present, after the power supply bureaus of some big cities in my country put into the distribution network automation system, the switching operation has increased rapidly many times, which can easily cause operating overvoltage or resonance overvoltage, resulting in a large increase in cable faults. Pay attention to the impact. At present, the wave recording device for the overvoltage of the distribution network mainly uses a voltage transformer (PT), a capacitor voltage divider or a resistance-capacitance voltage divider to collect the signal of the overvoltage. However, the voltage transformer is limited by the frequency response, and cannot collect many rapidly changing overvoltages. However, if the capacitive voltage divider or the resistance-capacitance voltage divider is connected in parallel on the cable for a long time, a large amount of heat will be generated, which will affect the voltage divider itself, and will also bring safety hazards to the entire set of testing equipment. Therefore it is necessary to invent a new distribution network overvoltage monitoring sensor.
目前配电网过电压的测量方法主要是通过电压互感器(PT)采集过电压信号，然后将低压信号输出并进行分析。中国专利201320564945.7“配电网内部过电压预警系统”针对配电网存在的内部过电压问题，发明了一套配电网内部过电压预警系统，可以对配电网内部过电压对配电网的影响进行评估，从而保证配电网的安全运行。中国专利201320839498.1“套管过电压检测传感器”基于套管末端的电容传感器，实现对过电压的采集。配电网过电压幅值大，波头陡，一般的传感器很难采集到过电压的完整波形。因此也很难对过电压进行评估。At present, the overvoltage measurement method of the distribution network is mainly to collect the overvoltage signal through the voltage transformer (PT), and then output the low voltage signal and analyze it. Chinese patent 201320564945.7 "Distribution network internal overvoltage warning system" aims at the internal overvoltage problem of the distribution network, and invented a set of distribution network internal overvoltage warning system, which can prevent the internal overvoltage of the distribution network from affecting the distribution network. The impact is evaluated to ensure the safe operation of the distribution network. Chinese patent 201320839498.1 "Sleeve overvoltage detection sensor" is based on the capacitive sensor at the end of the bushing to realize the collection of overvoltage. The overvoltage amplitude of the distribution network is large and the wave head is steep. It is difficult for general sensors to collect the complete waveform of the overvoltage. It is therefore also difficult to evaluate overvoltages.
发明内容Contents of the invention
本实用新型的目的是针对目前配电网过电压监测过程中存在的不足提供一种配电网过电压监测传感器装置，其特点是传感器贴片以柔性高分子材料作为电容介质，并将传感器外壳制成金属薄膜的形式，不仅去除了传感器中的串联电阻，也使表面电阻大大减小，相比于传统的刚性材料制成的传感器，其柔软可弯折，安装后能与电缆终端表面良好贴合，增大了传感器的有效耦合面积，提高检测的灵敏性。贴片式电容传感器利用配电网电力电缆线芯和外半导电层之间的电容C1及电缆外半导电层和大地之间的电容C2构成分压，实现对配电网过电压波形的采集，从而对配电网在过电压运行环境下的安全性进行评估，确保配电网的安全可靠运行。The purpose of this utility model is to provide a distribution network overvoltage monitoring sensor device for the shortcomings existing in the current distribution network overvoltage monitoring process, which is characterized in that the sensor patch uses flexible polymer materials as the capacitor medium, and the sensor shell It is made of metal film, which not only removes the series resistance in the sensor, but also greatly reduces the surface resistance. Compared with the sensor made of traditional rigid materials, it is soft and bendable, and can be well connected with the surface of the cable terminal after installation. The bonding increases the effective coupling area of the sensor and improves the sensitivity of detection. SMD capacitive sensor uses the capacitance C1 between the power cable core and the outer semiconducting layer of the distribution network and the capacitance C2 between the outer semiconducting layer of the cable and the earth to form a voltage divider to realize the overvoltage waveform of the distribution network. The collection can evaluate the safety of the distribution network in the overvoltage operating environment and ensure the safe and reliable operation of the distribution network.
本实用新型由以下技术措施实现：The utility model is realized by the following technical measures:
配电网过电压监测传感器装置依次由传感器、电压跟随器、滤波电路、过压保护电路、触发电路、传输电缆和PCI采集卡连接组成，所述配电网过电压监测传感器装置的滤波电路一路信号经触发电路后通过传输电缆和PCI采集卡连接；所述配电网过电压监测传感器装置的滤波电路的另一路信号经过压保护电路后通过传输电缆与PCI采集卡连接。The distribution network overvoltage monitoring sensor device is sequentially composed of a sensor, a voltage follower, a filter circuit, an overvoltage protection circuit, a trigger circuit, a transmission cable, and a PCI acquisition card connection. The filter circuit of the distribution network overvoltage monitoring sensor device is one The signal is connected to the PCI acquisition card through the transmission cable after passing through the trigger circuit; the other signal of the filter circuit of the distribution network overvoltage monitoring sensor device passes through the voltage protection circuit and is connected to the PCI acquisition card through the transmission cable.
所述配电网过电压监测传感器装置的传感器为贴片式电容分压传感器，其贴片是由柔性高分子材料制成的，并将传感器外壳制成金属薄膜的形式，相比于传统的硬性材料，可以弯折，贴片式电容传感器利用配电网电力电缆线芯和半导电层之间的电容C1及电缆外半导电层和大地之间的电容C2构成分压，实现对配电网过电压波形的采集,因此该传感器可以用于电缆终端过电压的测量。The sensor of the distribution network overvoltage monitoring sensor device is a patch-type capacitive pressure-dividing sensor, and the patch is made of a flexible polymer material, and the sensor shell is made of a metal film. Compared with the traditional Rigid material, can be bent, SMD capacitive sensor utilizes the capacitance C1 between the power cable core of the distribution network and the semiconductive layer and the capacitance C2 between the outer semiconductive layer of the cable and the earth to form a voltage divider to realize the Therefore, the sensor can be used to measure the overvoltage at the cable terminal.
所述配电网过电压监测传感器装置的传感器是由传感器贴片、信号电缆、刺刀螺母连接器和传感器外壳组成，传感器贴片和传感器外壳通过胶合剂粘连使之紧密贴合，传感器外壳和信号电缆通过引线接头连接。The sensor of the distribution network overvoltage monitoring sensor device is composed of a sensor patch, a signal cable, a bayonet nut connector and a sensor shell. The cables are connected via lead splices.
所述配电网过电压监测传感器装置的传感器的贴片为柔性高分子材料为聚偏二氟乙烯、聚乙烯吡咯烷酮、石墨烯、纤维素纳米纤维中的任一种。The patch of the sensor of the distribution network overvoltage monitoring sensor device is any one of polyvinylidene fluoride, polyvinylpyrrolidone, graphene, and cellulose nanofiber made of flexible polymer material.
所述配电网过电压监测传感器装置的传感器的外壳采用铜压制而成的金属薄片，厚度为1-3mm，内径根据电缆的缆芯确定。The outer shell of the sensor of the distribution network overvoltage monitoring sensor device is made of pressed copper metal sheet, the thickness is 1-3mm, and the inner diameter is determined according to the cable core.
所述配电网过电压监测传感器装置的传感器的输出端是通过电阻R2与滤波电路输入端连接，所述配电网过电压监测传感器装置的滤波电路是具有正相增益的二阶有源低通滤波电路，运放A2和其两个连接电阻R2、R3形成一个电压控制电压源，滤波电容C3，C4和R2、R3共同控制低通滤波器的截止频率，运放A2反相输入端通过R4接地，输出端通过反馈电阻R5与反相输入端连接；所述配电网过电压监测传感器装置的过压保护电路稳压管为一个TVS高效能保护器件；所述的配电网过电压监测传感器装置的的触发电路是通过双比较器LM324与滤波电路的输出端连接：所述配电网过电压监测传感器装置的信号传输电缆采用50Ω同轴电缆：所述配电网过电压监测传感器装置的采集卡为数据采集卡。The output terminal of the sensor of the distribution network overvoltage monitoring sensor device is connected to the input end of the filter circuit through a resistor R2, and the filter circuit of the distribution network overvoltage monitoring sensor device is a second -order active with positive phase gain Low-pass filter circuit, operational amplifier A 2 and its two connection resistors R 2 and R 3 form a voltage control voltage source, filter capacitors C 3 , C 4 and R 2 and R 3 jointly control the cut-off frequency of the low-pass filter, The inverting input terminal of operational amplifier A 2 is grounded through R 4 , and the output terminal is connected to the inverting input terminal through feedback resistor R 5 ; the overvoltage protection circuit regulator tube of the distribution network overvoltage monitoring sensor device is a TVS high-efficiency Protection device; the trigger circuit of the distribution network overvoltage monitoring sensor device is connected to the output end of the filter circuit through a double comparator LM324: the signal transmission cable of the distribution network overvoltage monitoring sensor device adopts a 50Ω coaxial Cable: the acquisition card of the distribution network overvoltage monitoring sensor device is a data acquisition card.
本实用新型具有如下优点:The utility model has the following advantages:
1、安全可靠。贴片式容性传感器是在电缆的低压侧采集信号，相比于传统的CT，不接触高压，更加安全可靠。1. Safe and reliable. The SMD capacitive sensor collects signals on the low-voltage side of the cable. Compared with the traditional CT, it does not touch high voltage and is safer and more reliable.
2、灵敏度高。贴片式容性传感器的贴片采用柔性材料制成，可以很好地贴紧电缆终端，因此灵敏度较高。2. High sensitivity. The patch of the patch-type capacitive sensor is made of flexible material, which can fit the cable terminal well, so the sensitivity is high.
3、成本低、体积小、易安装。相对于PT电压互感器，本发明的设计仅包括一些电子元件，成本更加低廉，而且体积更小，不需要考虑占地空间，在现场的安装也更加方便。3. Low cost, small size and easy installation. Compared with the PT voltage transformer, the design of the present invention only includes some electronic components, the cost is lower, and the volume is smaller, no need to consider the occupied space, and the installation on site is more convenient.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1为配电网过电压监测传感器装置测量示意图Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the measurement of the distribution network overvoltage monitoring sensor device
1.传感器2.电压跟随器3.滤波电路4.过压保护电路5.触发电路6.传输电缆7.采集卡。1. Sensor 2. Voltage follower 3. Filter circuit 4. Overvoltage protection circuit 5. Trigger circuit 6. Transmission cable 7. Acquisition card.
图2为配电网过电压监测传感器装置的传感器示意图Figure 2 is a sensor schematic diagram of the distribution network overvoltage monitoring sensor device
8.传感器贴片9.信号电缆10.BNC接头11.传感器外壳。8. Sensor patch 9. Signal cable 10. BNC connector 11. Sensor shell.
图3为配电网过电压监测传感器装置辅助电路原理图Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of the auxiliary circuit of the distribution network overvoltage monitoring sensor device
图4为用配电网过电压监测传感器装置采集的操作过电压波形图Figure 4 is the operating overvoltage waveform diagram collected by the distribution network overvoltage monitoring sensor device
具体实施方式detailed description
下面通过实施例对本实用新型进行具体的描述，不能理解为对本实用新型保护范围的限制，Below by embodiment the utility model is carried out specific description, can not be interpreted as the limitation of protection scope of the utility model,
实施例Example
如图1所示，配电网过电压监测传感器装置依次由传感器1、电压跟随器2、滤波电路3、过压保护电路4、触发电路5、传输电缆6和PCI采集卡7连接组成，所述配电网过电压监测传感器装置的滤波电路3一路信号经触发电路5后通过传输电缆6和PCI采集卡7连接；所述配电网过电压监测传感器装置的滤波电路3的另一路信号经过压保护电路4后通过传输电缆6与PCI采集卡7连接。As shown in Figure 1, the distribution network overvoltage monitoring sensor device is composed of a sensor 1, a voltage follower 2, a filter circuit 3, an overvoltage protection circuit 4, a trigger circuit 5, a transmission cable 6, and a PCI acquisition card 7. The filter circuit 3 one-way signal of the distribution network overvoltage monitoring sensor device is connected through the transmission cable 6 and the PCI acquisition card 7 after the trigger circuit 5; the other signal of the filter circuit 3 of the distribution network overvoltage monitoring sensor device passes through After the pressure protection circuit 4 is connected with the PCI acquisition card 7 through the transmission cable 6.
所述配电网过电压监测传感器装置的传感器1为贴片式电容分压传感器，其贴片是由柔性高分子材料制成的，并将传感器外壳制成金属薄膜的形式，相比于传统的硬性材料，可以弯折，贴片式电容传感器利用配电网电力电缆线芯和半导电层之间的电容C1及电缆外半导电层和大地之间的电容C2构成分压，实现对配电网过电压波形的采集,因此该传感器可以用于电缆终端过电压的测量。The sensor 1 of the distribution network overvoltage monitoring sensor device is a patch-type capacitive pressure-dividing sensor, the patch is made of a flexible polymer material, and the sensor shell is made of a metal film. Compared with the traditional The hard material can be bent, and the chip capacitive sensor uses the capacitance C 1 between the power cable core and the semi-conductive layer of the distribution network and the capacitance C 2 between the outer semi-conductive layer of the cable and the earth to form a voltage divider to realize Acquisition of the overvoltage waveform of the distribution network, so the sensor can be used to measure the overvoltage of the cable terminal.
如图2所示，配电网过电压监测传感器装置的传感器1是由传感器贴片8、信号电缆9、刺刀螺母连接器10和传感器外壳11组成，传感器贴片和传感器外壳通过胶合剂粘连使之紧密贴合，传感器外壳和信号电缆通过引线接头连接。As shown in Figure 2, the sensor 1 of the distribution network overvoltage monitoring sensor device is composed of a sensor patch 8, a signal cable 9, a bayonet nut connector 10, and a sensor housing 11, and the sensor patch and the sensor housing are bonded together by an adhesive The tight fit, the sensor housing and the signal cable are connected through the lead connector.
其中，配电网过电压监测传感器装置的传感器1的贴片8为柔性高分子材料为聚偏二氟乙烯、聚乙烯吡咯烷酮、石墨烯、纤维素纳米纤维中的任一种；配电网过电压监测传感器装置的传感器1的外壳11采用铜压制而成的金属薄片，厚度1-3mm，内径根据电缆的缆芯确定。Wherein, the patch 8 of the sensor 1 of the distribution network overvoltage monitoring sensor device is any one of polyvinylidene fluoride, polyvinylpyrrolidone, graphene, and cellulose nanofiber made of flexible polymer materials; The outer casing 11 of the sensor 1 of the voltage monitoring sensor device is made of a metal sheet pressed by copper, with a thickness of 1-3mm, and the inner diameter is determined according to the cable core of the cable.
如图3所示，配电网过电压监测传感器装置的传感器的输出端是通过电阻R2与滤波电路3输入端连接，所述配电网过电压监测传感器装置的滤波电路3是具有正相增益的二阶有源低通滤波电路，运放A2和其两个连接电阻R2、R3形成一个电压控制电压源，滤波电容C3，C4和R2、R3共同控制低通滤波器的截止频率，运放A2反相输入端通过R4接地，输出端通过反馈电阻R5与反相输入端连接；所述配电网过电压监测传感器装置的过压保护电路4稳压管为一个TVS高效能保护器件；所述的配电网过电压监测传感器装置的的触发电路5是通过双比较器LM324与滤波电路3的输出端连接：所述配电网过电压监测传感器装置的信号传输电缆6采用50Ω同轴电缆：所述配电网过电压监测传感器装置的采集卡7为数据采集卡。As shown in Figure 3, the output terminal of the sensor of the distribution network overvoltage monitoring sensor device is connected with the filter circuit 3 input terminals through the resistor R2, and the filter circuit 3 of the distribution network overvoltage monitoring sensor device has a positive phase Gain second-order active low-pass filter circuit, op amp A 2 and its two connection resistors R 2 and R 3 form a voltage-controlled voltage source, filter capacitors C 3 and C 4 together with R 2 and R 3 control the low-pass The cut-off frequency of the filter, the op - amp A2 inverting input terminal is grounded through R4, and the output terminal is connected to the inverting input terminal through the feedback resistor R5 ; the overvoltage protection circuit 4 of the distribution network overvoltage monitoring sensor device is stable The pressure tube is a TVS high-efficiency protection device; the trigger circuit 5 of the distribution network overvoltage monitoring sensor device is connected to the output end of the filter circuit 3 through a double comparator LM324: the distribution network overvoltage monitoring sensor The signal transmission cable 6 of the device adopts a 50Ω coaxial cable: the acquisition card 7 of the distribution network overvoltage monitoring sensor device is a data acquisition card.
如图4所示，波形的波头很陡，该波形上升和下降过程没有出现明显的衰减和振荡过程，波形没有畸变，因此该传感器能很好地对配电网过电压进行传感和测量。As shown in Figure 4, the wave head of the waveform is very steep, there is no obvious attenuation and oscillation process in the rising and falling process of the waveform, and the waveform has no distortion, so the sensor can sense and measure the overvoltage of the distribution network well .
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| CN106840475A (en) * | 2017-03-21 | 2017-06-13 | 河北工业大学 | A kind of pliable pressure sensor-based system |
| CN107907802A (en) * | 2017-11-17 | 2018-04-13 | 国网湖南省电力有限公司 | A kind of powered partial discharge detection sensor of high-tension cable and its application process |
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| CN106840475A (en) * | 2017-03-21 | 2017-06-13 | 河北工业大学 | A kind of pliable pressure sensor-based system |
| CN107907802A (en) * | 2017-11-17 | 2018-04-13 | 国网湖南省电力有限公司 | A kind of powered partial discharge detection sensor of high-tension cable and its application process |
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