Magnetic suspension Induction Motor Drive formula electric bicycle
Technical field
The utility model relates to a kind of type of drive of novel electric bicycle, and adopt magnetic suspension induction machine motor to drive, specifically a kind of magnetic suspension Induction Motor Drive formula electric bicycle, belongs to electric bicycle technical field.
Background technology
General service condition in current industry, electric bicycle mainly contains two kinds of motors: efficient rare-earth permanent magnet brush motor and efficient rare-earth permanent magnetic brushless.Most of electric bicycle also rests on the brush motor stage in the market, and brush motor adopts mechanical commutation, and lower to the technical requirement of control system, relative cost is lower than brushless electric machine, and the staring torque of brush motor is slightly larger than brushless electric machine.But fatal weakness is: the life-span is short, noise is large, efficiency is low, its Long-Time Service carbon brush abrasion is serious, more fragile.Wearing and tearing simultaneously create a large amount of carbon dusts, and these dust fall in gear oil, and gear oil is accelerated dry, noise of motor increases further.
Carbon brush in brush motor uses and just needs for about 1 year to change, and 2/3rds when the mileage that once travels of charging is bought not as good as new car, and be short of power during climbing, also can burn out controller.This is because after motor replacing carbon brush, commutator has also been ground with a groove, makes carbon brush contact area reduce, spark can be produced after the carbon brush energising of loose contact and accelerate oxidation commutator and copper sheet, having caused above-mentioned bad phenomenon.
For the above-mentioned defect of prior art, need the electric bicycle that a kind of New-type electric machine type of drive is provided.
Utility model content
The purpose of this utility model is to provide a kind of magnetic suspension induction machine system of novel driving electric bicycle, to overcome the problems referred to above of prior art, this magnetic suspension Induction Motor Drive formula electric bicycle can improve the transformation efficiency of vehicle electric energy to mechanical energy, thus reduction energy consumption, improve the power performance of electric motor car.The utility model utilizes magnetic suspension and motor technology by vehicle body suspension, and under detecting and controlling system controls, make hub for vehicle wheel without friction, without abrasively supporting vehicle body, and drive hub for vehicle wheel to rotate, band motor car wheel travels along ground surface.
Above-mentioned purpose is achieved through the following technical solutions: magnetic suspension Induction Motor Drive formula electric bicycle, its motor is enclosed within wheel, it is characterized in that, this motor is magnetic suspension induction machine, comprises housing, motor shaft and the rotor, motor stator, detecting and controlling system and the left and right magnet steel that are placed in housing and left and right outer winding; Described detecting and controlling system comprises check system and control system, wherein detection system comprises some shaft position sensors, some radial displacement transducers and speed probe, control system comprises signal processing circuit and controller, and this set-up of control system is at case inside;
Described motor stator is closely enclosed within motor shaft vertically, and the left and right both ends of the surface of motor stator along the circumferential direction arrange some radial displacement transducers and speed probe; Described rotor close-fitting is connected to case inside, and rotor is placed in motor stator outer ring, and keeps gap with it;
Described left and right magnet steel is fixedly installed on rotor arranged on left and right sides end face respectively, and in described housing, arranged on left and right sides arranges left and right outer winding and some shaft position sensors respectively, and shaft position sensor is along the circumferential direction arranged on inside outer winding;
Described housing arranged on left and right sides end face is equipped with end cap and auxiliary bearing, auxiliary bearing is enclosed within motor shaft, end cap is connected with auxiliary bearing and motor shaft respectively, and motor shaft is positioned at the axial location of winding outside rotor, motor stator, auxiliary bearing, end cap, left and right, left and right magnet steel.
Described motor stator is salient-pole structure, and its lateral wall along the circumferential direction equidistantly distributes stator salient poles, in circumferentially stator salient poles on motor stator arranged on left and right sides end face; Described stator salient poles is equipped with three-phase windings, and three-phase windings is powered through regulating circuit, passes into electric current with certain sequential, can drive motors rotor turns and maintenance stator stable suspersion diametrically.
Described rotor adopts cage-type rotor, and comprise rotor core, it is built up by silicon steel sheet, and have in the punching of rotor core silicon steel laminations inner periphery the groove embedding rotor windings, groove is embedded with the three-phase symmetric winding of insulated conductor composition.
Described left and right magnet steel symmetry is fixed on rotor arranged on left and right sides end face.
Described left and right outer winding symmetry is fixed on arranged on left and right sides in housing.
The both ends round nut of described motor shaft is fixed, and motor stator both sides nut is fixed, and housing both sides nut is fixed.
The utility model proposes a kind of driving system structure adopting magnetic suspension Induction Motor Drive, the induction machine of design is a kind of magnetic suspension induction machine of external rotor internal stator form.By above-mentioned technical scheme, magnetic suspension induction machine of the present utility model utilizes magnetic suspension and motor technology by vehicle wheel rotation, contactless, without friction, without wearing and tearing, rotated by electromagnetic torque direct drive of wheel wheel hub, shorten driving-chain, improve drive efficiency, significantly reduce energy consumption, improve the power performance of electric motor car.
During utility model works, rotor adopts cage-type rotor, and rotor comprises rotor core, and it is built up by silicon steel sheet, has in the punching of rotor core laminations inner periphery the groove embedding rotor windings.Motor stator adopts double-winding structure.In the radial direction, stator symmetrical three-phase torque winding passes into three-phase symmetrical electric current, produce rotating magnetic field, electric machine conductors cutting stator magnetic field produces induced electromotive force, and produce induced current, be loaded with faradic rotor conductor in stator field, be subject to electromagnetic force and form electromagnetic torque, thus order about rotor and rotate along stator field direction.Magnetic suspension motor suspending power produces under torque winding and suspending windings acting in conjunction simultaneously.After stator torque winding passes to electric current, in motor, form torque magnetic linkage, after suspending windings passes to electric current in stator, in motor, form suspending power magnetic linkage simultaneously.When only having the levitation force winding on a direction to pass to forward current, in motor, form suspending power magnetic linkage.Torque field and the coefficient result in suspending power magnetic field make the torque magnetic linkage at air gap place, side identical with suspending power magnetic linkage direction, the close increase of total magnetic, and suction increases, and at reciprocal air gap place, magnetic linkage direction is contrary, the close minimizing of total magnetic, suction reduces.Like this, unbalanced air gap flux density causes stator to be subject to the party's magnetic suspension force upwards.
When detecting that stator produces skew diametrically, detection signal is obtained from radial displacement transducer, send to control system, control system can change winding current accordingly, make one, double winding electric current become large one to diminish, thus the magnetic flux density making both sides is not etc., magnetic pull becomes large or diminishes, motor stator is stressed gets back to equilbrium position, and stator suspension is diametrically the suspending power provided by motor effect.
In order to make rotor stable suspersion in the axial direction, suspending power in the axial direction produces suspending power axially by the magnet steel of rotor axial both sides and outer winding effect.Outer winding produces electromagnetic suspension force, when both sides magnetic density does not wait, not etc., rotor toward magnetic close large side skew, can not detect side-play amount by axial sensor to suction in the axial direction, feed back to control system, regulate the size of input current, make both sides magnetic close equal, stator is subject to equal-sized power on axial direction, remain on axial centre position, do not offset.Size of current and direction like this by controlling outer winding realize the stable suspersion in the axial direction of rotor.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the structural representation of magnetic suspension induction machine in the utility model;
Fig. 2 is the end view of Fig. 1;
Fig. 3 is the stereogram of Fig. 1;
Fig. 4 is that A-A in Fig. 1 is to cutaway view;
Fig. 5 is that B-B in Fig. 2 is to cutaway view;
Fig. 6 is the structure diagram of Fig. 4;
In figure: 1 housing, 2 end caps, 3 motor stators, 4 rotors, 5 auxiliary bearings, 6 magnet steel, 7 outer windings, 8 motor shafts, 9 shaft position sensors, 10 radial displacement transducers and speed probe.
Embodiment
As figure, magnetic suspension Induction Motor Drive formula electric bicycle, its motor is enclosed within wheel, this motor is magnetic suspension induction machine, the rotor 4, motor stator 3, detecting and controlling system and the left and right magnet steel 6 that comprise housing 1, motor shaft 8 and be placed in housing and left and right outer winding 7(motor shaft are wheel hub, and housing is connected with wheel).
Detecting and controlling system is detection control rotor speed and rotor levitation position, ensures the accurate detection of the side-play amount of motor stator in axis and radial direction.Detecting and controlling system, its detection system comprises some shaft position sensors 9, some radial displacement transducers and speed probe 10, and its control system comprises signal processing circuit and controller, and this set-up of control system is at case inside.
Motor stator is closely enclosed within motor shaft vertically, and the both ends round nut of motor shaft is fixed, and motor stator both sides nut is fixed.The left and right both ends of the surface of motor stator are along the circumferential direction provided with some radial displacement transducers and speed probe.Motor stator is salient-pole structure, and its lateral wall along the circumferential direction equidistantly distributes stator salient poles, in circumferentially stator salient poles on motor stator arranged on left and right sides end face, is namely radial circumference directional spreding stator salient poles; Stator salient poles is equipped with three-phase windings, and three-phase windings is powered through regulating circuit, passes into electric current with certain sequential, can drive motors rotor turns and maintenance stator stable suspersion diametrically.
Rotor close-fitting is connected to case inside, and rotor is placed in motor stator outer ring, and keeps gap with it.Rotor adopts cage-type rotor, and comprise rotor core, it is built up by silicon steel sheet, and have in the punching of rotor core silicon steel laminations inner periphery the groove embedding rotor windings, groove is embedded with the three-phase symmetric winding of insulated conductor composition.
Left and right magnet steel respectively symmetry is fixedly installed on rotor arranged on left and right sides end face, and in housing, arranged on left and right sides is symmetrical arranged left and right outer winding and some shaft position sensors, and shaft position sensor is along the circumferential direction arranged on inside outer winding.
Housing arranged on left and right sides end face is equipped with end cap 2 and auxiliary bearing 5, and housing both sides nut is fixed, and end cap is provided at hull outside, plays sealing fixation, has left side end cap and right side end cap.Auxiliary bearing is enclosed within motor shaft, and is connected with end cap, plays fixed support axle, makes rotor drive housing only to rotate and radial motion does not occur, and in mechanical transmission course, plays parts that are fixing and minimizing load coefficient of friction.Motor shaft is positioned at the axial location (stator, auxiliary bearing, end cap are all through motor shaft) of winding outside rotor, motor stator, auxiliary bearing, end cap, left and right, left and right magnet steel.
Stator symmetrical three-phase torque winding passes into three-phase symmetrical electric current, produce rotating magnetic field, electric machine conductors cutting stator magnetic field produces induced electromotive force, and produce induced current, be loaded with faradic rotor conductor in stator field, be subject to electromagnetic force and form electromagnetic torque, thus order about rotor and rotate along stator field direction.Magnetic suspension motor suspending power produces under torque winding and suspending windings acting in conjunction simultaneously.
In order to ensure the basic operation of bearing-free motor, adopting double-winding structure, after stator torque winding passes to electric current, in motor, forming torque magnetic linkage, after suspending windings passes to electric current in stator, in motor, form suspending power magnetic linkage simultaneously.When only having the levitation force winding on a direction to pass to forward current, in motor, form suspending power magnetic linkage.Torque field and the coefficient result in suspending power magnetic field make the torque magnetic linkage at air gap place, side identical with suspending power magnetic linkage direction, the close increase of total magnetic, and suction increases, and at reciprocal air gap place, magnetic linkage direction is contrary, the close minimizing of total magnetic, suction reduces.Like this, unbalanced air gap flux density causes stator to be subject to the party's magnetic suspension force upwards.
When drive system is started working, when displacement transducer detects displacement signal, both sides displacement is not etc., magnetic pull side rotor being produced by changing input current reduces, the magnetic pull that opposite side rotor produces increases, under the force action of magnetic pull, stator is made to return to original equilbrium position to realize magnetic suspension.Stator suspension is diametrically the suspending power provided by motor effect.
Rotor is also adopt contactless structure in the axial direction simultaneously, namely by the magnet steel of rotor lateral surface, produces magnetic pull outside under winding energization action.During such work, fed back by the detection signal of shaft position sensor, rotor departs from equilbrium position, can be regulated the axial location of rotor by the size of current and direction controlling outer winding, realizes contactless suspension axially.Detecting and controlling system comprises radial displacement transducer and shaft position sensor, speed probe, controller and signal processing circuit, is suspended in center all the time for controlling rotor assembly.Under detecting and controlling system controls, produce the axial magnetic power of supporting vehicle body and drive the electromagnetic torque of rotation of wheel.
Pass through technique scheme, magnetic suspension motor supporting driving system of the present utility model utilizes magnetic suspension and motor technology by vehicle body suspension, under detecting and controlling system controls, make wheel without friction, without abrasively supporting vehicle body, and drive hub for vehicle wheel to rotarily drive wheel to travel along ground surface.Magnetic suspension wheel hub motor bearing drive system of the present utility model is achieved between hub for vehicle wheel and vehicle frame without friction, nothing wearing and tearing supporting by magnetic levitation technology, and rotated by electromagnetic torque direct drive of wheel wheel hub, shorten driving-chain, improve drive efficiency, significantly reduce energy consumption, improve the power performance of electric automobile.
Rotor to be fixed on corresponding housing and jointly to rotate with this housing, makes motor shaft suspension bearing vehicle body by electromagnetic force.Drive system adopts magnetic suspension induction machine principle, directly rotarily drives the contactless rotation of wheel by rotor, and without friction, without wearing and tearing, efficiency is high.Motor is energized according to a definite sequence, certain radial suspension force and electromagnetic torque is along the circumferential direction produced between motor stator and rotor, rotor is along the circumferential direction rotated, and stator is suspended in center, simultaneously outer winding energising, act on magnet steel, produce axial suspending power, make rotor at axial also centre-lock, namely make rotor all be positioned at center radial and axial, rotor rotates simultaneously, drives vehicle wheel rotation.If transducer detects the skew equilbrium position of rotor radial or axis, just regulate size of current accordingly by controller, make rotor get back to equilbrium position.