CN204837894U - Automatic control system that peels off of peanut of reserving seed for planting - Google Patents

Automatic control system that peels off of peanut of reserving seed for planting Download PDF

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CN204837894U
CN204837894U CN201520487552.XU CN201520487552U CN204837894U CN 204837894 U CN204837894 U CN 204837894U CN 201520487552 U CN201520487552 U CN 201520487552U CN 204837894 U CN204837894 U CN 204837894U
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peanut
cylinder
shelling
mechanical claw
unit
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孙群
李伯康
赵颖
张翠华
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Liaocheng University
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Liaocheng University
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Abstract

本实用新型提供一种留种花生自动剥壳控制系统,包括单片机主控单元,其特征是:所述单片机主控单元分别连接步进电机驱动单元、光电传感器单元、12864液晶显示单元、8路继电器控制单元、操纵键盘单元以及开关复位单元。本实用新型的单片机主控单元用于处理采集信号和发出控制指令;步进电机驱动单元对花生进行搬运,完成花生的自动搬运工作。光电传感器单元采集花生的位置信息上传到单片机主控单元,12864液晶显示单元主要用于实时显示剥壳作业状态,实现了良好的人机交互;进一步地,继电器控制单元驱动气缸,实现花生送入剥壳刀具、花生剥壳以及花生去皮。

The utility model provides an automatic peeling control system for seed-reserved peanuts, which includes a single-chip main control unit, and is characterized in that: the single-chip main control unit is respectively connected with a stepping motor drive unit, a photoelectric sensor unit, a 12864 liquid crystal display unit, and an 8-way Relay control unit, manipulation keyboard unit and switch reset unit. The single-chip main control unit of the utility model is used for processing acquisition signals and issuing control instructions; the stepping motor driving unit carries peanuts to complete the automatic transportation work of peanuts. The photoelectric sensor unit collects the position information of peanuts and uploads them to the main control unit of the single-chip microcomputer. The 12864 liquid crystal display unit is mainly used for real-time display of the shelling operation status, which realizes good human-computer interaction; further, the relay control unit drives the cylinder to realize peanut feeding. Shelling knives, peanut shelling and peanut peeling.

Description

一种留种花生自动剥壳控制系统An automatic shelling control system for peanuts with reserved seeds

技术领域 technical field

本实用新型涉及自动化控制领域,具体地讲,涉及一种留种花生自动剥壳控制系统。 The utility model relates to the field of automatic control, in particular to an automatic shelling control system for reserved peanuts.

背景技术 Background technique

留种花生剥壳是用于种植花生最基础的一部分,只有保证花生种的完整,才能培育出好的花生。传统的留种花生剥壳为人力手工剥壳,手工剥壳不仅手指易疲劳、受伤,而且工效很低,所以花生产区广大农民迫切要求用机器来代替手工剥壳。留种花生剥壳机的诞生在很大程度上改变了这种局面,使花生产区的农民不必再采用最原始的剥壳方法进行剥壳,从而大大地减轻了农民的体力劳动,同时还提高了花生剥壳的效率。 Peanut shelling is the most basic part of planting peanuts. Only by ensuring the integrity of peanut seeds can good peanuts be cultivated. The traditional shelling of reserved peanuts is manual shelling. Manual shelling is not only easy to fatigue and injure fingers, but also has low work efficiency. Therefore, farmers in peanut production areas urgently need to use machines to replace manual shelling. The birth of the seed-reserved peanut sheller has changed this situation to a large extent, so that farmers in peanut production areas no longer have to use the most primitive shelling method for shelling, thus greatly reducing the physical labor of farmers and at the same time Improved the efficiency of shelling peanuts.

自留种花生自动剥壳是一门新兴技术,国内起步较晚。目前国内花生脱壳机从其脱壳原理、结构和材料上基本可分为以打击、揉搓为主的钢纹杆——钢栅条凹板以挤压、揉搓为主的橡胶滚筒一一橡胶浮动凹板两大类,但脱壳质量均不高,破损率都大于8%,剥出的花生米只能用于榨油和食用,满足不了外贸出口和作种子的要求。探索先进的脱壳原理是解决脱壳机现存问题的重要途径。而本实用新型采用仿生原理,完全模仿人工剥花生,是现有技术所不具备的。 Automatic shelling of self-reserved peanuts is a new technology, which started relatively late in China. At present, domestic peanut shelling machines can be basically divided into steel textured rods mainly for striking and rubbing from their shelling principles, structures and materials - rubber rollers for steel grating concave plates mainly for extrusion and rubbing - rubber rollers. There are two types of floating concave plates, but the shelling quality is not high, and the damage rate is greater than 8%. The peeled peanuts can only be used for oil extraction and consumption, and cannot meet the requirements of foreign trade export and seeding. Exploring advanced shelling principles is an important way to solve the existing problems of shelling machines. And the utility model adopts the principle of bionics, completely imitates artificially peeling peanuts, which is not available in the prior art.

花生生产机械化是农业现代化的重要组成部分,是农业和农村经济持续快速发展的重要保证,在一些地区,用作种子和特殊用途的花生仁仍采用传统的手工剥壳,劳动生产率低,区域性发展不平衡。随着花生种植业的不断发展,国内外对花生留种剥壳的需求不断增大,提高花生脱壳机械化作业水平成为必然。花生留种脱壳机器人在提高劳动生产率,减轻劳动强度方面起到了积极的作用,促进了花生加工业的科技进步,为花生脱壳机械的发展提供了空间。 The mechanization of peanut production is an important part of agricultural modernization and an important guarantee for the sustainable and rapid development of agriculture and rural economy. In some areas, peanut kernels used as seeds and special purposes are still shelled by hand. The labor productivity is low and regional unbalanced development. With the continuous development of the peanut planting industry, the demand for peanut shelling at home and abroad is increasing, and it is inevitable to improve the mechanized operation level of peanut shelling. The peanut shelling robot has played an active role in improving labor productivity and reducing labor intensity, promoted the technological progress of the peanut processing industry, and provided space for the development of peanut shelling machinery.

实用新型内容: Utility model content:

本实用新型要解决的技术问题是提供一种留种花生自动剥壳控制系统,实现花生剥壳的自动化控制。 The technical problem to be solved by the utility model is to provide an automatic peeling control system for peanuts with reserved seeds, so as to realize the automatic control of peanut peeling.

本实用新型采用如下技术方案实现实用新型目的: The utility model adopts the following technical solutions to realize the purpose of the utility model:

一种留种花生自动剥壳控制系统,包括单片机主控单元,其特征是:所述单片机主控单元分别连接步进电机驱动单元、光电传感器单元、12864液晶显示单元、8路继电器控制单元、操纵键盘单元以及开关复位单元。 An automatic shelling control system for reserved peanuts, comprising a single-chip main control unit, characterized in that: the single-chip main control unit is respectively connected to a stepping motor drive unit, a photoelectric sensor unit, a 12864 liquid crystal display unit, an 8-way relay control unit, Manipulate the keyboard unit and the switch reset unit.

作为对本技术方案的进一步限定,所述单片机主控单元采用MK60单片机控制器。 As a further limitation to the technical solution, the MK60 single-chip controller is used as the main control unit of the single-chip microcomputer.

作为对本技术方案的进一步限定,所述步进电机驱动单元包括42系列的步进电机、步进电机驱动器和DC/DC电压转换电路,所述MK60单片机控制器的PTA8和PTA9引脚连接所述步进电机驱动器的方向信号接口和脉冲信号接口,所述步进电机设置于花生输送机构上。 As a further limitation to this technical solution, the stepper motor drive unit includes a 42-series stepper motor, a stepper motor driver and a DC/DC voltage conversion circuit, and the PTA8 and PTA9 pins of the MK60 microcontroller controller are connected to the Direction signal interface and pulse signal interface of the stepper motor driver, the stepper motor is arranged on the peanut conveying mechanism.

作为对本技术方案的进一步限定,所述光电传感器单元包括两个光电开关,所述MK60单片机控制器的PTA15和PTA16引脚分别与两个所述光电开关相连,所述MK60单片机控制器的PTD0-PTD7引脚以及PTD8-PTD12引脚分别与所述12864液晶显示单元连接,所述MK60单片机控制器的PTB0-PTB7引脚连接所述8路继电器控制单元,所述MK60单片机控制器的PTB0-PTB7引脚PTC0-PTC7引脚连接所述操纵键盘单元,所述开关复位单元包括电源开关和复位开关,所述MK60单片机控制器的VCC引脚和RESET引脚连接所述电源开关和复位开关。 As a further limitation to this technical solution, the photoelectric sensor unit includes two photoelectric switches, the PTA15 and PTA16 pins of the MK60 single-chip controller are respectively connected to the two photoelectric switches, and the PTD0- PTD7 pins and PTD8-PTD12 pins are respectively connected with the 12864 liquid crystal display unit, the PTB0-PTB7 pins of the MK60 single-chip controller are connected with the 8-way relay control unit, and the PTB0-PTB7 of the MK60 single-chip controller The pins PTC0-PTC7 are connected to the manipulation keyboard unit, the switch reset unit includes a power switch and a reset switch, and the VCC pin and the RESET pin of the MK60 microcontroller controller are connected to the power switch and the reset switch.

作为对本技术方案的进一步限定,所述花生输送机构设置于机架组件上,所述机架组件上还设置有花生摆正器、花生推送机构和移动组件机构,所述花生输送机构的下端正对所述花生摆正器,所述花生推送机构位于所述花生摆正器的一侧,所述移动组件机构上设置有花生剥壳机构,所述花生剥壳机构位于所述花生摆正器的另一侧,所述花生推送机构将所述花生摆正器内的花生推送到所述花生剥壳机构内。 As a further limitation to this technical solution, the peanut conveying mechanism is arranged on the frame assembly, and the peanut aligner, peanut pushing mechanism and moving assembly mechanism are also arranged on the frame assembly, and the lower end of the peanut conveying mechanism is For the peanut aligner, the peanut pushing mechanism is located on one side of the peanut aligner, the moving assembly mechanism is provided with a peanut shelling mechanism, and the peanut shelling mechanism is located on the peanut aligner On the other side, the peanut pushing mechanism pushes the peanuts in the peanut straightener into the peanut shelling mechanism.

作为对本技术方案的进一步限定,所述花生输送机构包括左立梁和右立梁,所述左立梁连接左斜梁,所述右立梁连接右斜梁,所述左斜梁和右斜梁上设置有漏斗和传送带机构,所述传送带机构包括两个大带轮和拨齿带,其中一个所述大带轮通过光轴连接小带轮,所述小带轮通过短平带连接步进电机的输出轴,所述传送带机构上端的下侧还设置有滑道,所述滑道的下端正对所述花生摆正器,所述漏斗的下端开口正对所述拨齿带,所述拨齿带位于所述左斜梁和右斜梁之间。 As a further limitation to this technical solution, the peanut conveying mechanism includes a left vertical beam and a right vertical beam, the left vertical beam is connected to the left inclined beam, the right vertical beam is connected to the right inclined beam, and the left inclined beam and the right inclined beam A funnel and a conveyor belt mechanism are arranged on the beam, and the conveyor belt mechanism includes two large pulleys and a toothed belt. One of the large pulleys is connected to a small pulley through an optical axis, and the small pulley is connected to a step by a short flat belt. Into the output shaft of the motor, the lower side of the upper end of the conveyor belt mechanism is also provided with a slideway, the lower end of the slideway is facing the peanut squarer, and the lower end opening of the funnel is facing the toothed belt. The shifting tooth belt is located between the left inclined beam and the right inclined beam.

作为对本技术方案的进一步限定,所述花生推送机构包括单臂气缸,所述单臂气缸固定在气缸支架上,所述单臂气缸的推杆上连接花生推板。 As a further limitation to the technical solution, the peanut pushing mechanism includes a single-arm cylinder, the single-arm cylinder is fixed on the cylinder bracket, and the push rod of the single-arm cylinder is connected to a peanut push plate.

作为对本技术方案的进一步限定,所述移动组件机构包括上移动光轴和下移动光轴,所述上移动光轴和下移动光轴上设置有对称的能够左右移动的左支撑角铝和右支撑角铝,所述左支撑角铝上连接左气缸推动机构,所述右支撑角铝上连接右气缸推动机构,所述左气缸推动机构包括连接在所述左支撑角铝上的左气缸推,所述左气缸推连接左横向气缸,所述左横向气缸固定在左气缸支撑座上,所述右气缸推动机构包括连接在所述右支撑角铝上的右气缸推,所述右气缸推连接右横向气缸,所述右横向气缸固定在右气缸支撑座上,所述左气缸支撑座和右气缸支撑座固定在所述机架组件上,所述上移动光轴和下移动光轴分别通过左上滑动块、右上滑动块、左下滑动块和右下滑动块与所述左支撑角铝和右支撑角铝连接。 As a further limitation to the technical solution, the moving assembly mechanism includes an upper moving optical axis and a lower moving optical axis, and the upper moving optical axis and the lower moving optical axis are provided with symmetrical left and right supporting angles that can move left and right. Supporting angle aluminum, the left supporting angle aluminum is connected to the left cylinder pushing mechanism, the right supporting angle aluminum is connected to the right cylinder pushing mechanism, and the left cylinder pushing mechanism includes a left cylinder pushing mechanism connected to the left supporting angle aluminum , the left cylinder is pushed to connect with the left transverse cylinder, the left transverse cylinder is fixed on the support base of the left cylinder, and the right cylinder push mechanism includes a right cylinder push connected to the right supporting angle aluminum, and the right cylinder pushes Connect the right horizontal cylinder, the right horizontal cylinder is fixed on the right cylinder support base, the left cylinder support base and the right cylinder support base are fixed on the frame assembly, and the upper moving optical axis and the lower moving optical axis are respectively The left supporting angle aluminum and the right supporting angle aluminum are connected through the left upper sliding block, the right upper sliding block, the left lower sliding block and the right lower sliding block.

作为对本技术方案的进一步限定,所述花生剥壳机构包括固定在所述左支撑角铝上的左上气缸和左上机械爪以及左下气缸和左下机械爪、固定在所述右支撑角铝上的右上气缸和右上机械爪以及右下气缸和右下机械爪,所述左上机械爪、左下机械爪、右上机械爪和右下机械爪在气缸的推动下配合使用,所述左上机械爪、左下机械爪、右上机械爪和右下机械爪均为扇形,且所述左上机械爪、左下机械爪、右上机械爪和右下机械爪闭合时能够围成一个圆形,所述左上机械爪、左下机械爪、右上机械爪和右下机械爪的圆心角均为85度,弧长均为16.3mm。 As a further limitation to this technical solution, the peanut shelling mechanism includes an upper left cylinder and a left upper mechanical claw fixed on the left support angle aluminum, a left lower cylinder and a left lower mechanical claw, and an upper right cylinder fixed on the right support angle aluminum. The cylinder and the upper right mechanical claw and the lower right cylinder and the lower right mechanical claw, the upper left mechanical claw, the lower left mechanical claw, the upper right mechanical claw and the lower right mechanical claw are used together under the push of the cylinder, the upper left mechanical claw, the lower left mechanical claw , the upper right mechanical claw and the lower right mechanical claw are fan-shaped, and the upper left mechanical claw, lower left mechanical claw, upper right mechanical claw and lower right mechanical claw can form a circle when closed, the upper left mechanical claw, lower left mechanical claw , The central angles of the upper right mechanical claw and the lower right mechanical claw are both 85 degrees, and the arc lengths are both 16.3mm.

与现有技术相比,本实用新型的优点和积极效果是:本实用新型的单片机主控单元用于处理采集信号和发出控制指令;步进电机驱动单元对花生进行搬运,完成花生的自动搬运工作。光电传感器单元采集花生的位置信息上传到单片机主控单元,12864液晶显示单元主要用于实时显示剥壳作业状态,实现了良好的人机交互;进一步地,继电器控制单元驱动气缸,实现花生送入剥壳刀具、花生剥壳以及花生去皮。操纵键盘单元检测输入按键信号,并将其反映给单片机主控单元;开关复位单元控制MK60单片机控制器的供电和机器的复位工作。从而实现留种花生自动剥壳机的自动化剥壳作业,节省人力,提高剥壳效率。 Compared with the prior art, the advantages and positive effects of the utility model are: the single-chip microcomputer main control unit of the utility model is used to process the acquisition signal and issue control instructions; the stepping motor drive unit carries the peanuts to complete the automatic transportation of the peanuts Work. The photoelectric sensor unit collects the position information of peanuts and uploads them to the main control unit of the single-chip microcomputer. The 12864 liquid crystal display unit is mainly used for real-time display of the shelling operation status, which realizes good human-computer interaction; further, the relay control unit drives the cylinder to realize peanut feeding. Shelling knives, peanut shelling and peanut peeling. The keyboard unit detects the input key signal and reflects it to the main control unit of the single-chip microcomputer; the switch reset unit controls the power supply of the MK60 single-chip microcomputer controller and the reset work of the machine. In this way, the automatic shelling operation of the automatic shelling machine for the reserved peanuts is realized, which saves manpower and improves the shelling efficiency.

附图说明 Description of drawings

图1为本实用新型的原理方框图。 Fig. 1 is a schematic block diagram of the utility model.

图2为本实用新型的电路结构图。 Fig. 2 is a circuit structure diagram of the utility model.

图3为本实用新型实施例的总体结构示意图。 Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the embodiment of the utility model.

图4为本实用新型实施例的立体图。 Fig. 4 is a perspective view of an embodiment of the utility model.

图5为本实用新型实施例的机架组件结构示意图。 Fig. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of the frame assembly of the embodiment of the present invention.

图6为本实用新型实施例的花生剥壳机构的结构示意图。 Fig. 6 is a schematic structural view of the peanut shelling mechanism of the embodiment of the present invention.

图7为本实用新型实施例的剥壳机构移动组件结构示意图。 Fig. 7 is a schematic structural diagram of the moving assembly of the peeling mechanism according to the embodiment of the present invention.

图8为本实用新型实施例的推送花生机构的结构示意图。 Fig. 8 is a schematic structural diagram of the mechanism for pushing peanuts according to the embodiment of the present invention.

图9为本实用新型实施例的花生摆正器的结构示意图。 Fig. 9 is a schematic structural view of a peanut squarer according to an embodiment of the present invention.

图10为本实用新型实施例的花生剥壳机构的机械爪完全闭合时结构示意图。 Fig. 10 is a structural schematic diagram of the peanut shelling mechanism of the embodiment of the present invention when the mechanical claws are fully closed.

图11为本实用新型实施例的花生输送机构结构示意图。 Fig. 11 is a schematic structural diagram of a peanut conveying mechanism in an embodiment of the present invention.

图中,1-机架组件;2-花生剥壳机构;3-移动组件结构;4-花生推送机构;5-滑道;6-底座;7-长立柱;8-横梁;9-竖梁;10-短立柱;11-花生滑道支撑梁;12-右上气缸;13-左上气缸;14-右下气缸;15-左下气缸;16-右上机械爪;17-左上机械爪;18-右下机械爪;19-左下机械爪;20-右支撑角铝;21-右横向气缸;22-左横向气缸;23-右气缸推;24-左气缸推;25-右气缸支撑座;26-左气缸支撑座;27-左下滑动块;28-左上滑动块;29-右上滑动块;30-右下滑动块;31-左上固定块;32-右下固定块;33-左下固定块;34-右上固定块;35-上移动光轴;36-下移动光轴;37-左支撑角铝;38-单臂气缸;39-气缸支架;40-花生推板;41-花生摆正器,42-花生输送机构,43-漏斗,44-大带轮,45-拨齿带,46-光轴,47-小带轮,48-短平带,49-步进电机,50-左立梁,51-右立梁,52-左斜梁,53-右斜梁。 In the figure, 1-frame assembly; 2-peanut shelling mechanism; 3-moving component structure; 4-peanut pushing mechanism; 5-slide; 6-base; 7-long column; 8-beam; 9-vertical beam ;10-short column; 11-peanut slide support beam; 12-upper right cylinder; 13-upper left cylinder; 14-lower right cylinder; 15-lower left cylinder; 16-upper right mechanical claw; 17-upper left mechanical claw; 18-right Lower mechanical claw; 19-left lower mechanical claw; 20-right support angle aluminum; 21-right horizontal cylinder; 22-left horizontal cylinder; 23-right cylinder push; 24-left cylinder push; 25-right cylinder support seat; 26- Left cylinder support seat; 27-lower left sliding block; 28-upper left sliding block; 29-upper right sliding block; 30-lower right sliding block; 31-upper left fixed block; 32-lower right fixed block; 33-lower left fixed block; 34 -upper right fixed block; 35-up moving optical axis; 36-down moving optical axis; 37-left support angle aluminum; 38-single-arm cylinder; 39-cylinder bracket; 40-peanut push plate; 42-Peanut conveying mechanism, 43-Funnel, 44-Big pulley, 45-Toggle belt, 46-Optical shaft, 47-Small pulley, 48-Short flat belt, 49-Stepper motor, 50-Left vertical beam , 51-right vertical beam, 52-left inclined beam, 53-right inclined beam.

具体实施方式: Detailed ways:

下面结合实施例,进一步说明本实用新型。 Below in conjunction with embodiment, further illustrate the utility model.

参见图1-图11,本实用新型包括单片机主控单元,所述单片机主控单元分别连接步进电机驱动单元、光电传感器单元、12864液晶显示单元、8路继电器控制单元、操纵键盘单元以及开关复位单元。 Referring to Fig. 1-Fig. 11, the utility model includes a single-chip microcomputer main control unit, and the single-chip microcomputer main control unit is respectively connected with a stepping motor drive unit, a photoelectric sensor unit, a 12864 liquid crystal display unit, an 8-way relay control unit, a manipulation keyboard unit and a switch Reset unit.

所述单片机主控单元采用MK60单片机控制器,所述步进电机驱动单元包括42系列的步进电机、步进电机驱动器和DC/DC电压转换电路,所述MK60单片机控制器的PTA8和PTA9引脚连接所述步进电机驱动器的方向信号接口和脉冲信号接口,所述光电传感器单元包括两个光电开关,所述MK60单片机控制器的PTA15和PTA16引脚分别与两个所述光电开关相连,所述MK60单片机控制器的PTD0-PTD7引脚以及PTD8-PTD12引脚分别与所述12864液晶显示单元连接,所述MK60单片机控制器的PTB0-PTB7引脚连接所述8路继电器控制单元,所述MK60单片机控制器的PTB0-PTB7引脚PTC0-PTC7引脚连接所述操纵键盘单元,所述开关复位单元包括电源开关和复位开关,所述MK60单片机控制器的VCC引脚和RESET引脚连接所述电源开关和复位开关。 The main control unit of the single-chip microcomputer adopts a MK60 single-chip microcomputer controller, and the stepping motor drive unit includes a 42-series stepping motor, a stepping motor driver and a DC/DC voltage conversion circuit, and the PTA8 and PTA9 pins of the MK60 single-chip microcomputer controller The pin is connected to the direction signal interface and the pulse signal interface of the stepper motor driver, the photoelectric sensor unit includes two photoelectric switches, and the PTA15 and PTA16 pins of the MK60 single-chip controller are connected to the two photoelectric switches respectively, The PTD0-PTD7 pins and PTD8-PTD12 pins of the MK60 single-chip controller are connected to the 12864 liquid crystal display unit respectively, and the PTB0-PTB7 pins of the MK60 single-chip controller are connected to the 8-way relay control unit, so The PTB0-PTB7 pins PTC0-PTC7 pins of the MK60 single-chip controller are connected to the manipulation keyboard unit, the switch reset unit includes a power switch and a reset switch, and the VCC pin and the RESET pin of the MK60 single-chip controller are connected the power switch and reset switch.

所述花生输送机构42设置于机架组件1上,所述机架组件1上设置有花生摆正器41、花生推送机构4和移动组件机构3,所述花生输送机构42的下端正对所述花生摆正器41,所述花生推送机构4位于所述花生摆正器41的一侧,所述移动组件机构3上设置有花生剥壳机构2,所述花生剥壳机构2位于所述花生摆正器41的另一侧,所述花生推送机构4将所述花生摆正器41内的花生推送到所述花生剥壳机构2内。 The peanut conveying mechanism 42 is arranged on the frame assembly 1, the peanut squarer 41, the peanut pushing mechanism 4 and the moving assembly mechanism 3 are arranged on the frame assembly 1, and the lower end of the peanut conveying mechanism 42 is facing all Described peanut squarer 41, described peanut pushing mechanism 4 is positioned at the side of described peanut squarer 41, and described mobile component mechanism 3 is provided with peanut shelling mechanism 2, and described peanut shelling mechanism 2 is positioned at described On the other side of the peanut straightener 41, the peanut pushing mechanism 4 pushes the peanuts in the peanut straightener 41 into the peanut shelling mechanism 2.

所述花生输送机构42包括左立梁50和右立梁51,所述左立梁50连接左斜梁52,所述右立梁51连接右斜梁53,所述左斜梁52和右斜梁53上设置有漏斗43和传送带机构,所述传送带机构包括两个大带轮44和拨齿带45,其中一个所述大带轮44通过光轴46连接小带轮47,所述小带轮47通过短平带48连接步进电机49的输出轴,所述传送带机构上端的下侧还设置有滑道5,所述滑道5的下端正对所述花生滑道41,所述漏斗43的下端开口正对所述拨齿带45,所述拨齿带45位于所述左斜梁52和右斜梁53之间。漏斗43用于放置花生,漏斗43的开口(图中未示出)恰好允许单个花生落下,拨齿带45的拨齿拨动花生落到拨齿带45上,步进电机49带动拨齿带45向上运行,花生运行到最高处后从拨齿带45下落到滑道5内。 The peanut conveying mechanism 42 includes a left vertical beam 50 and a right vertical beam 51, the left vertical beam 50 is connected to the left inclined beam 52, the right vertical beam 51 is connected to the right inclined beam 53, and the left inclined beam 52 and the right inclined beam The beam 53 is provided with a funnel 43 and a conveyor belt mechanism. The conveyor belt mechanism includes two large pulleys 44 and a toothed belt 45. One of the large pulleys 44 is connected to a small pulley 47 through an optical axis 46. The small belt Wheel 47 is connected to the output shaft of stepping motor 49 by short flat belt 48, and the underside of described conveyer belt mechanism upper end is also provided with slideway 5, and the lower end of described slideway 5 is facing described peanut slideway 41, and described funnel The lower end opening of 43 faces the shifting tooth belt 45 , and the shifting tooth belt 45 is located between the left inclined beam 52 and the right inclined beam 53 . The funnel 43 is used to place peanuts. The opening of the funnel 43 (not shown in the figure) just allows a single peanut to fall. The teeth of the toothed belt 45 move the peanuts to fall on the toothed belt 45, and the stepper motor 49 drives the toothed belt. 45 moves upwards, and the peanut falls in the slideway 5 from the shifting tooth belt 45 after running to the highest point.

所述花生推送机构包括单臂气缸38,所述单臂气缸38固定在气缸支架39上,所述单臂气缸38的推杆上连接花生推板40。 The peanut pushing mechanism includes a single-arm cylinder 38 fixed on a cylinder bracket 39 , and the push rod of the single-arm cylinder 38 is connected with a peanut push plate 40 .

所述移动组件机构3包括上移动光轴35和下移动光轴36,所述上移动光轴35和下移动光轴36上设置有对称的能够左右移动的左支撑角铝37和右支撑角铝20,所述左支撑角铝37上连接左气缸推动机构,所述右支撑角铝20上连接右气缸推动机构。 The moving assembly mechanism 3 includes an upper moving optical axis 35 and a lower moving optical axis 36, and the upper moving optical axis 35 and the lower moving optical axis 36 are provided with symmetrical left supporting angle aluminum 37 and right supporting angle that can move left and right Aluminum 20, the left supporting angle aluminum 37 is connected with the left cylinder pushing mechanism, and the right supporting angle aluminum 20 is connected with the right cylinder pushing mechanism.

所述左气缸推动机构包括连接在所述左支撑角铝37上的左气缸推24,所述左气缸推24连接左横向气缸22,所述左横向气缸22固定在左气缸支撑座26上,所述右气缸推动机构包括连接在所述右支撑角铝20上的右气缸推23,所述右气缸推23连接右横向气缸21,所述右横向气缸21固定在右气缸支撑座25上,所述左气缸支撑座26和右气缸支撑座25固定在所述机架组件1上。 The left cylinder pushing mechanism includes a left cylinder pusher 24 connected to the left support angle aluminum 37, the left cylinder pusher 24 is connected to the left transverse cylinder 22, and the left transverse cylinder 22 is fixed on the left cylinder support seat 26, The right cylinder pushing mechanism includes a right cylinder pusher 23 connected to the right support angle aluminum 20, the right cylinder pusher 23 is connected to a right transverse cylinder 21, and the right transverse cylinder 21 is fixed on a right cylinder support seat 25, The left cylinder support base 26 and the right cylinder support base 25 are fixed on the frame assembly 1 .

所述上移动光轴35和下移动光轴36分别通过左上滑动块28、右上滑动块29、左下滑动块27和右下滑动块30与所述左支撑角铝37和右支撑角铝20连接,所述上移动光轴35和下移动光轴36通过左上固定块31、左下固定块33、右上固定块34和右下固定块32与所述机架组件1连接。 The upper moving optical axis 35 and the lower moving optical axis 36 are respectively connected to the left supporting angle aluminum 37 and the right supporting angle aluminum 20 through the left upper sliding block 28, the right upper sliding block 29, the left lower sliding block 27 and the right lower sliding block 30 , the upper moving optical axis 35 and the lower moving optical axis 36 are connected to the frame assembly 1 through the upper left fixed block 31 , the lower left fixed block 33 , the upper right fixed block 34 and the lower right fixed block 32 .

所述花生剥壳机构包括固定在所述左支撑角铝37上的左上气缸13和左上机械爪17以及左下气缸15和左下机械爪19、固定在所述右支撑角铝20上的右上气缸12和右上机械爪16以及右下气缸14和右下机械爪18,所述左上机械爪17、左下机械爪15、右上机械爪16和右下机械爪18在各自气缸的推动下配合使用。 The peanut shelling mechanism includes an upper left cylinder 13, an upper left mechanical claw 17, a lower left cylinder 15 and a lower left mechanical claw 19 fixed on the left support angle aluminum 37, and an upper right cylinder 12 fixed on the right support angle aluminum 20. And right upper mechanical claw 16 and right lower cylinder 14 and right lower mechanical claw 18, described left upper mechanical claw 17, left lower mechanical claw 15, right upper mechanical claw 16 and right lower mechanical claw 18 cooperate to use under the promotion of respective cylinders.

所述左上机械爪17、左下机械爪15、右上机械爪16和右下机械爪18均为扇形,且所述左上机械爪17、左下机械爪15、右上机械爪16和右下机械爪18闭合时能够围成一个圆形。 The upper left mechanical claw 17, the lower left mechanical claw 15, the upper right mechanical claw 16 and the lower right mechanical claw 18 are fan-shaped, and the upper left mechanical claw 17, the lower left mechanical claw 15, the upper right mechanical claw 16 and the lower right mechanical claw 18 are closed can form a circle.

所述左上机械爪17、左下机械爪15、右上机械爪16和右下机械爪18的圆心角均为85度,弧长均为16.3mm。。 The central angles of the upper left mechanical claw 17, the lower left mechanical claw 15, the upper right mechanical claw 16 and the lower right mechanical claw 18 are all 85 degrees, and the arc lengths are all 16.3mm. .

所述机架组件包括底座6,所述底座6上连接两个长立柱7和两个短立柱10,两个所述长立柱7之间以及两个所述短立柱10之间均连接有横梁8,两个所述长立柱7和短立柱10之间连接有竖梁9,其中一个所述横梁8上连接花生滑道支撑梁11,花生滑道支撑梁11上设置所述花生推送机构4和花生摆正器41。 The frame assembly includes a base 6 on which two long columns 7 and two short columns 10 are connected, and a beam is connected between the two long columns 7 and the two short columns 10 8. Vertical beams 9 are connected between the two long columns 7 and the short columns 10, one of the beams 8 is connected to the peanut slideway support beam 11, and the peanut slideway support beam 11 is provided with the peanut pushing mechanism 4 and peanut squarer 41.

本实用新型的留种花生自动剥壳控制方法,包括以下步骤: The automatic peeling control method of the seed peanut of the present invention comprises the following steps:

(1)将花生放入漏斗43中,单片机主控单元驱动步进电机49带动短平带48转动,短平带48带动拨齿带45转动,拨齿带45上的拨齿拨动漏斗43开口处的花生,单个花生落入拨齿带45上,拨齿带45运动带动花生前移,花生从拨齿带45的前端掉落,花生穿过左斜梁52和右斜梁53之间的间隙掉落到滑道5,再沿滑道5竖直掉落入花生摆正器41; (1) Put the peanuts into the funnel 43, the single-chip main control unit drives the stepper motor 49 to drive the short flat belt 48 to rotate, the short flat belt 48 drives the toothed belt 45 to rotate, and the toothed belt 45 to move the funnel 43 Peanuts at the opening, a single peanut falls on the toothed belt 45, the movement of the toothed belt 45 drives the peanuts to move forward, the peanuts fall from the front end of the toothed belt 45, and the peanuts pass between the left inclined beam 52 and the right inclined beam 53 The gap falls to the slideway 5, and then vertically falls into the peanut squarer 41 along the slideway 5;

(2)光电传感器单元检测到滑道5内有花生落下并将检测信息发送到单片机主控单元,单片机主控单元驱动移动组件机构3将花生剥壳机构2推送到正对花生摆正器41的位置; (2) The photoelectric sensor unit detects that there are peanuts falling in the slideway 5 and sends the detection information to the main control unit of the single-chip microcomputer, and the main control unit of the single-chip microcomputer drives the moving component mechanism 3 to push the peanut shelling mechanism 2 to the peanut squarer 41 s position;

(3)单臂气缸38的推杆通过花生推板40将花生摆正器41内的花生推送到花生剥壳机构2; (3) The push rod of the single-arm cylinder 38 pushes the peanuts in the peanut squarer 41 to the peanut shelling mechanism 2 through the peanut push plate 40;

(4)左上机械爪17、右上机械爪16、左下机械爪19和右下机械爪18在各自气缸的推动下闭合; (4) The upper left mechanical claw 17, the upper right mechanical claw 16, the lower left mechanical claw 19 and the lower right mechanical claw 18 are closed under the push of their respective cylinders;

(5)移动组件机构3的左横向气缸22和右横向气缸21收缩,带动左支撑角铝37和右支撑角铝20反向运动,左上机械爪17、左下机械爪19与右上机械爪16、右下机械爪18分离,花生壳被剥开,完成一次剥壳工作,然后移动组件结构3和花生剥壳机构2复位。 (5) The left horizontal cylinder 22 and the right horizontal cylinder 21 of the moving assembly mechanism 3 shrink, driving the left support angle aluminum 37 and the right support angle aluminum 20 to move in reverse, and the upper left mechanical claw 17, the lower left mechanical claw 19 and the upper right mechanical claw 16, The lower right mechanical claw 18 is separated, the peanut shell is peeled off, and a shelling work is completed, and then the mobile assembly structure 3 and the peanut shelling mechanism 2 are reset.

Claims (9)

1.一种留种花生自动剥壳控制系统,包括单片机主控单元,其特征是:所述单片机主控单元分别连接步进电机驱动单元、光电传感器单元、12864液晶显示单元、8路继电器控制单元、操纵键盘单元以及开关复位单元。 1. A kind of automatic peeling control system for peanuts, comprising a single-chip microcomputer main control unit, is characterized in that: said single-chip microcomputer main control unit is respectively connected with a stepping motor drive unit, a photoelectric sensor unit, a 12864 liquid crystal display unit, and 8-way relay control unit, manipulation keyboard unit and switch reset unit. 2.根据权利要求1所述的留种花生自动剥壳控制系统,其特征是:所述单片机主控单元采用MK60单片机控制器。 2. The automatic shelling control system for seed-reserved peanuts according to claim 1, wherein the main control unit of the single-chip microcomputer adopts a MK60 single-chip microcomputer controller. 3.根据权利要求2所述的留种花生自动剥壳控制系统,其特征是:所述步进电机驱动单元包括42系列的步进电机、步进电机驱动器和DC/DC电压转换电路,所述MK60单片机控制器的PTA8和PTA9引脚连接所述步进电机驱动器的方向信号接口和脉冲信号接口,所述步进电机设置于花生输送机构上。 3. The automatic shelling control system for seed-reserved peanuts according to claim 2 is characterized in that: the stepper motor drive unit includes a 42-series stepper motor, a stepper motor driver and a DC/DC voltage conversion circuit, the The PTA8 and PTA9 pins of the MK60 single-chip controller are connected to the direction signal interface and the pulse signal interface of the stepper motor driver, and the stepper motor is arranged on the peanut conveying mechanism. 4.根据权利要求3所述的留种花生自动剥壳控制系统,其特征是:所述光电传感器单元包括两个光电开关,所述MK60单片机控制器的PTA15和PTA16引脚分别与两个所述光电开关相连,所述MK60单片机控制器的PTD0-PTD7引脚以及PTD8-PTD12引脚分别与所述12864液晶显示单元连接,所述MK60单片机控制器的PTB0-PTB7引脚连接所述8路继电器控制单元,所述MK60单片机控制器的PTB0-PTB7引脚PTC0-PTC7引脚连接所述操纵键盘单元,所述开关复位单元包括电源开关和复位开关,所述MK60单片机控制器的VCC引脚和RESET引脚连接所述电源开关和复位开关。 4. The automatic shelling control system for seed-reserved peanuts according to claim 3 is characterized in that: the photoelectric sensor unit includes two photoelectric switches, and the PTA15 and PTA16 pins of the MK60 single-chip controller are respectively connected to the two photoelectric switches. The photoelectric switch is connected, the PTD0-PTD7 pins and PTD8-PTD12 pins of the MK60 single-chip controller are respectively connected to the 12864 liquid crystal display unit, and the PTB0-PTB7 pins of the MK60 single-chip controller are connected to the 8-way Relay control unit, the PTB0-PTB7 pins PTC0-PTC7 pins of the MK60 single-chip controller are connected to the manipulation keyboard unit, the switch reset unit includes a power switch and a reset switch, and the VCC pin of the MK60 single-chip controller and RESET pins connect the power switch and reset switch. 5.根据权利要求3所述的留种花生自动剥壳控制系统,其特征是:所述花生输送机构设置于机架组件上,所述机架组件上还设置有花生摆正器、花生推送机构和移动组件机构,所述花生输送机构的下端正对所述花生摆正器,所述花生推送机构位于所述花生摆正器的一侧,所述移动组件机构上设置有花生剥壳机构,所述花生剥壳机构位于所述花生摆正器的另一侧,所述花生推送机构将所述花生摆正器内的花生推送到所述花生剥壳机构内。 5. The automatic shelling control system for seed-reserved peanuts according to claim 3, characterized in that: the peanut conveying mechanism is set on the frame assembly, and the frame assembly is also provided with a peanut squarer, a peanut pusher, and a peanut pusher. Mechanism and mobile assembly mechanism, the lower end of the peanut conveying mechanism is facing the peanut squarer, the peanut pushing mechanism is located on one side of the peanut squarer, and the mobile assembly mechanism is provided with a peanut shelling mechanism , the peanut shelling mechanism is located on the other side of the peanut aligner, and the peanut pushing mechanism pushes the peanuts in the peanut aligner into the peanut shelling mechanism. 6.根据权利要求5所述的留种花生自动剥壳控制系统,其特征是:所述花生输送机构包括左立梁和右立梁,所述左立梁连接左斜梁,所述右立梁连接右斜梁,所述左斜梁和右斜梁上设置有漏斗和传送带机构,所述传送带机构包括两个大带轮和拨齿带,其中一个所述大带轮通过光轴连接小带轮,所述小带轮通过短平带连接步进电机的输出轴,所述传送带机构上端的下侧还设置有滑道,所述滑道的下端正对所述花生摆正器,所述漏斗的下端开口正对所述拨齿带,所述拨齿带位于所述左斜梁和右斜梁之间。 6. The automatic shelling control system for seed-reserved peanuts according to claim 5, characterized in that: the peanut conveying mechanism includes a left upright beam and a right upright beam, the left upright beam is connected to the left inclined beam, and the right upright beam is connected to the left upright beam. The beam is connected to the right inclined beam, and the left inclined beam and the right inclined beam are provided with a funnel and a conveyor belt mechanism. The conveyor belt mechanism includes two large pulleys and a toothed belt, and one of the large pulleys is connected to the small pulley through an optical axis. The pulley, the small pulley is connected to the output shaft of the stepper motor through a short flat belt, and the lower side of the upper end of the conveyor belt mechanism is also provided with a slideway, and the lower end of the slideway is facing the peanut squarer. The lower end opening of the funnel is facing the tooth shifting belt, and the tooth shifting belt is located between the left inclined beam and the right inclined beam. 7.根据权利要求5所述的留种花生自动剥壳控制系统,其特征是:所述花生推送机构包括单臂气缸,所述单臂气缸固定在气缸支架上,所述单臂气缸的推杆上连接花生推板。 7. The automatic shelling control system for seed-reserved peanuts according to claim 5, characterized in that: the peanut pushing mechanism includes a single-arm cylinder, the single-arm cylinder is fixed on the cylinder bracket, and the pushing mechanism of the single-arm cylinder Connect the peanut push plate on the rod. 8.根据权利要求5所述的留种花生自动剥壳控制系统,其特征是:所述移动组件机构包括上移动光轴和下移动光轴,所述上移动光轴和下移动光轴上设置有对称的能够左右移动的左支撑角铝和右支撑角铝,所述左支撑角铝上连接左气缸推动机构,所述右支撑角铝上连接右气缸推动机构,所述左气缸推动机构包括连接在所述左支撑角铝上的左气缸推,所述左气缸推连接左横向气缸,所述左横向气缸固定在左气缸支撑座上,所述右气缸推动机构包括连接在所述右支撑角铝上的右气缸推,所述右气缸推连接右横向气缸,所述右横向气缸固定在右气缸支撑座上,所述左气缸支撑座和右气缸支撑座固定在所述机架组件上,所述上移动光轴和下移动光轴分别通过左上滑动块、右上滑动块、左下滑动块和右下滑动块与所述左支撑角铝和右支撑角铝连接。 8. The automatic shelling control system for seed-reserved peanuts according to claim 5, characterized in that: the moving assembly mechanism includes an upper moving optical axis and a lower moving optical axis, and the upper moving optical axis and the lower moving optical axis are on There are symmetrical left support angle aluminum and right support angle aluminum that can move left and right, the left support angle aluminum is connected with the left cylinder push mechanism, the right support angle aluminum is connected with the right cylinder push mechanism, and the left cylinder push mechanism It includes a left cylinder pusher connected to the left supporting angle aluminum, the left cylinder pusher is connected to the left transverse cylinder, the left transverse cylinder is fixed on the left cylinder support base, and the right cylinder push mechanism includes a The right cylinder on the support angle aluminum is pushed, and the right cylinder is connected to the right horizontal cylinder, and the right horizontal cylinder is fixed on the right cylinder support seat, and the left cylinder support seat and the right cylinder support seat are fixed on the frame assembly Above, the upper moving optical axis and the lower moving optical axis are respectively connected to the left supporting angle aluminum and the right supporting angle aluminum through the upper left sliding block, the upper right sliding block, the lower left sliding block and the lower right sliding block. 9.根据权利要求8所述的留种花生自动剥壳控制系统,其特征是:所述花生剥壳机构包括固定在所述左支撑角铝上的左上气缸和左上机械爪以及左下气缸和左下机械爪、固定在所述右支撑角铝上的右上气缸和右上机械爪以及右下气缸和右下机械爪,所述左上机械爪、左下机械爪、右上机械爪和右下机械爪在气缸的推动下配合使用,所述左上机械爪、左下机械爪、右上机械爪和右下机械爪均为扇形,且所述左上机械爪、左下机械爪、右上机械爪和右下机械爪闭合时能够围成一个圆形,所述左上机械爪、左下机械爪、右上机械爪和右下机械爪的圆心角均为85度,弧长均为16.3mm。 9. The automatic shelling control system for seed-reserved peanuts according to claim 8, characterized in that: the peanut shelling mechanism includes an upper left cylinder and an upper left mechanical claw fixed on the left support angle aluminum, a lower left cylinder and a lower left mechanical claw. Mechanical claws, the upper right cylinder and upper right mechanical claws fixed on the right support angle aluminum, the lower right cylinder and the lower right mechanical claws, the upper left mechanical claws, the lower left mechanical claws, the upper right mechanical claws and the lower right mechanical claws in the cylinder Pushing and using together, the upper left mechanical claw, lower left mechanical claw, upper right mechanical claw and lower right mechanical claw are all fan-shaped, and the upper left mechanical claw, lower left mechanical claw, upper right mechanical claw and lower right mechanical claw can enclose form a circle, the central angles of the upper left mechanical claw, lower left mechanical claw, upper right mechanical claw and lower right mechanical claw are all 85 degrees, and the arc lengths are all 16.3mm.
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Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN104905387B (en) * 2015-07-08 2016-07-20 聊城大学 One Semen arachidis hypogaeae of reserving seed for planting is peeled off control system and control method automatically
CN105852155A (en) * 2016-05-27 2016-08-17 南昌大学 Peanut grading and shelling machine
CN109198661A (en) * 2018-10-10 2019-01-15 滁州学院 A kind of aspirated-air type kind peanut husking device and its working principle
US20220361551A1 (en) * 2020-09-16 2022-11-17 Liaocheng University Fully automatic peanuts peeling robot for seeds retention and method for using the same

Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN104905387B (en) * 2015-07-08 2016-07-20 聊城大学 One Semen arachidis hypogaeae of reserving seed for planting is peeled off control system and control method automatically
CN105852155A (en) * 2016-05-27 2016-08-17 南昌大学 Peanut grading and shelling machine
CN105852155B (en) * 2016-05-27 2017-11-03 南昌大学 One cultivates peanut classification hulling machine
CN109198661A (en) * 2018-10-10 2019-01-15 滁州学院 A kind of aspirated-air type kind peanut husking device and its working principle
US20220361551A1 (en) * 2020-09-16 2022-11-17 Liaocheng University Fully automatic peanuts peeling robot for seeds retention and method for using the same
US11744274B2 (en) * 2020-09-16 2023-09-05 Liaocheng University Fully automatic peanuts peeling robot for seeds retention and method for using the same

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