CN204829999U - 一种抽气式回转空气预热器 - Google Patents
一种抽气式回转空气预热器 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN204829999U CN204829999U CN201520501087.0U CN201520501087U CN204829999U CN 204829999 U CN204829999 U CN 204829999U CN 201520501087 U CN201520501087 U CN 201520501087U CN 204829999 U CN204829999 U CN 204829999U
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- air
- sealing plate
- air preheater
- bleeding
- bleeder
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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- 239000003570 air Substances 0.000 claims description 81
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 claims description 47
- 206010018987 Haemorrhage Diseases 0.000 claims description 36
- 230000000740 bleeding Effects 0.000 claims description 36
- 231100000319 bleeding Toxicity 0.000 claims description 36
- 229920002456 HOTAIR Polymers 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000012080 ambient air Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N carbon monoxide Chemical compound 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[O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 12
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 abstract description 12
- 239000003546 flue gas Substances 0.000 abstract description 8
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 abstract description 5
- 238000005086 pumping Methods 0.000 abstract 3
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 9
- 239000003517 fume Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000000779 smoke Substances 0.000 description 5
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N carbon Chemical compound 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Classifications
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E20/00—Combustion technologies with mitigation potential
- Y02E20/34—Indirect CO2mitigation, i.e. by acting on non CO2directly related matters of the process, e.g. pre-heating or heat recovery
Abstract
一种抽气式回转空气预热器，属于火力发电厂利用尾部热烟气对冷空气进行回转预热的设备。该回转空气预热器包括外壳、转子、密封片、密封板以及抽气系统；所述抽气系统包括设置在至少一个密封板上的至少一个抽气口、至少一个安装在密封板上包络抽气口的收风箱、至少一个抽气风机和空气利用设备。抽气风机的入口与收风箱通过抽气管道连接，抽气风机的出口通过出风管道与空气利用设备连接；本实用新型通过设置抽气系统，可以对密封板开口处的压力适度调整，从而降低甚至消除烟气侧与抽气口处的压差，达到降低乃至消除漏风的效果。
Description
技术领域
[0001] 本实用新型涉及一种回转空气预热器，属于火力发电厂利用尾部烟道热烟气对冷空气进行回转预热的设备。
背景技术
[0002] 节能减排已逐渐成为全球最为关注的热点话题，提高能源利用率，降低能源消耗，俨然已成为各行各业研究人员所肩负的历史重任。而电力作为工业发展和社会经济不断进步的支撑行业，其中火力发电所消耗的煤炭资源约占煤炭总消耗量的一半，在能源结构上处于非常重要的位置。
[0003] 对于火力发电机组，在同样蒸汽参数的条件下，锅炉效率是影响机组煤耗的最关键因素。当前技术水平下，锅炉设计效率大都在92%以上，其效率的损失中排烟损失仍然首当其冲。采用空气预热器利用尾部烟道热烟气对冷空气进行加热是当前火力发电机组普遍采用的技术。而回转式空气预热器由于其结构紧凑、换热系数高、成本低等诸多优点成为现在大型火电机组广泛采用的空气预热设备。然而由于其转子蓄热片旋转轮流经过烟气通道和空气通道，动静部件之间不可避免的间隙造成压力相对较高的空气向压力较低的烟气侧漏风。虽然通过密封片等多种密封技术可以大大降低漏风率，但就目前应用的实例看，大型火电机组回转式空气预热器的漏风率普遍在8〜10%之间。如此之大的漏风率一方面造成送风机、引风机电耗的上升，更重要的是其低温空气直接与热烟气混合，降低了烟气气温，减小了烟气与空气的传热温压，影响对冷空气的预热效果，同时大大增加了烟气的流量，在排烟温度难以下降的条件下，大大增加了锅炉的排烟损失，直接影响锅炉效率。按当前锅炉运行排烟损失普遍在140°C左右(折合对锅炉效率影响约6〜7%左右)计算，10%的漏风率直接导致锅炉排烟损失增加0.6〜0.7%左右，影响机组供电煤耗2g/kW.h以上。
[0004] 随着近年来整个社会对节能减排的日趋重视，国家层面出台越来越多、越来越严的节能减排政策，火电行业开始从各个角度设法提高机、炉、辅的效率，在降低回转式空气预热器的漏风率方面也应生出诸多先进技术，如可调式密封技术、VN密封技术、接触式密封技术、柔性密封技术、刷式密封技术、自适应密封技术等。通过对空气预热器漏风的理论分析，密封片两侧的压差和动静部件之间的间隙面积是影响漏风的两个最直接因素。而现有的密封技术大都在设法降低密封处间隙方面做工作，虽然取得一定效果，但由于受热部件动态变形、密封部件磨损等问题无法解决，其效果只能是暂时的。从目前的运行效果看，大都在初装期效果较好，运行一段时间后随着密封设备的磨损、变形等问题越来越严重，漏风率逐渐升高，无法从根本上解决空气预热器漏风的问题。
实用新型内容
[0005] 本实用新型的目的是针对现有技术存在的问题，提出一种抽气式回转空气预热器，旨在采用降低烟气侧漏风间隙处压差的办法，达到降低乃至消除漏风的目的。
[0006] 本实用新型的技术方案如下:
[0007] 一种抽气式回转空气预热器，包括回转空气预热器外壳、转子、密封片以及安装在转子与外壳间的密封板，其特征在于:该空气预热器还包括抽气系统，所述抽气系统包括设置在至少一个密封板上的至少一个抽气口、至少一个安装在密封板上包络抽气口的收风箱、至少一个抽气风机和空气利用设备；抽气风机的入口通过抽气管道与收风箱连接，抽气风机的出口通过出风管道与空气利用设备连接。
[0008] 优选地，所述的抽气系统采用一个抽气风机，该抽气风机与多个收风箱通过抽气管道连接。
[0009] 优选地，所述的密封片安装在密封板上靠近转子的一侧。
[0010] 上述技术方案中，所述的密封板为径向密封板，密封片为径向密封片；或密封板为轴向密封板，密封片为轴向密封片；或密封板同时包括径向密封板和轴向密封板两种，密封片同时包括径向密封片和轴向密封片两种。
[0011 ] 所述的抽气口的形状为多边形口、圆形口、椭圆形口、窄缝、扇形口或以上各种形状的组合。
[0012] 所述的空气利用设备为空气预热器后的热风风道、空气预热器前的冷风风道、风机入口管道、锅炉一次风管道、烟道、炉膛、干燥设备或环境大气。
[0013] 本实用新型与现有技术相比，具有以下优点及突出性的技术效果:①通过抽气系统，可以对密封板开口处的压力适度调整，从而降低甚至消除烟气侧与抽气口处的压差，达到降低乃至消除漏风的效果。理论上如果将抽气口的压力调整至与烟气侧压力相当水平，则空气预热器的漏风率为零。②从抽气口抽取出来的热风如果重新加入到风道内，相当于增加了原有风机的出力，抽气风机的电耗与增加原风机出力需要的额外电耗可相互抵消，系统上没有多增加厂用电。③如果将抽取的热风接入空气预热器后的热风烟道，可以降低锅炉排烟损失，提高锅炉效率；如果将抽取的热风接入空气预热器前的冷风烟道，在提高锅炉效率的基础上，还可以充当冬季暖风器的作用；如果将抽取的热风接入炉膛，可以充当锅炉的调整风；如果将抽取的热风对煤粉等进行加热或烘干，同样可以有效利用系统热量，在提高锅炉效率的同时，还可以提高锅炉运行稳定性。
附图说明
[0014]图1为本实用新型提供的抽气式回转空气预热器实施例的结构示意图。
[0015] 图2为一个抽气系统的局部结构不意图。
[0016] 图中:1-外壳；2_转子；3_密封片；4_密封板；5_抽气□ ;6_收风箱；7_抽气管道；8_抽气风机；9_出风管道；10_空气利用设备。
具体实施方式
[0017] 下面结合附图对本实用新型的工作原理、具体结构及实施方法作进一步说明:
[0018] 图1为本实用新型提供的一种抽气式回转空气预热器，该回转空气预热器包括外壳1、转子2、密封片3、安装在转子与外壳间的密封板4以及抽气系统，所述抽气系统包括设置在至少一个密封板上的至少一个抽气口 5、至少一个安装在密封板上包络抽气口的收风箱6、至少一个抽气风机8和空气利用设备10 ;抽气风机的入口通过抽气管道7与收风箱6连接，抽气风机的出口通过出风管道9与空气利用设备10连接。抽气系统优选采用一个抽气风机，该抽气风机与多个收风箱通过抽气管道连接，这样可以简化抽气系统结构；通过抽气系统，可以对密封板开口处的压力适度调整，从而降低甚至消除烟气侧与抽气口处的压差，达到降低乃至消除漏风的效果。
[0019] 所述的密封板4采用径向密封板时，密封片应采用径向密封片；当密封板为轴向密封板时，密封片应为轴向密封片；当密封板同时包括径向密封板和轴向密封板两种时，密封片也应同时包括径向密封片和轴向密封片两种。的密封片3最好安装在密封板4上靠近转子的一侧。所述的抽气口的形状可为多边形口、圆形口、椭圆形口、窄缝、扇形口或以上各种形状的组合。所述的空气利用设备为空气预热器后的热风风道、空气预热器前的冷风风道、风机入口管道、锅炉一次风管道、烟道、炉膛、干燥设备或环境大气。抽气风机8通过抽气管道7和收风箱6从密封板上开的抽气口进行抽气，使得密封板靠近转子侧的气压降低，从而降低该处空气与烟气侧的压差，进而降低空气侧向烟气侧的泄露量。理想情况下，当密封板转子侧的压力等于烟气侧压力时，则该处的漏风率为零。
[0020] 若将抽气口抽取出来的热风重新加入到风道内，相当于增加了原有风机的出力，抽气风机的电耗与增加原风机出力需要的额外电耗可相互抵消，系统上没有多增加厂用电；还可以将抽取的热风接入空气预热器后的热风烟道，这样可降低锅炉排烟损失，提高锅炉效率；或将抽取的热风接入空气预热器前的冷风烟道，在提高锅炉效率的基础上，可充当冬季暖风器的作用；或将抽取的热风接入炉膛，可以充当锅炉的调整风；如果将抽取的热风对煤粉等进行加热或烘干，同样可以有效利用系统热量，在提高锅炉效率的同时，还可以提尚锅炉运彳丁稳定性。
[0021] 图2为一个抽气系统的局部结构示意图，其基本结构包括常规空气预热器的转子2、密封片3、密封板4、设置在密封板上的抽气口 5，以及设置在抽气口外侧包络抽气口的收风箱6 (即用挡板将密封板的四周包围起来构成收风箱)。一般情况下密封板与转子之间至少有一对密封齿以实现双密封，本实用新型在密封板中间位置开较窄的槽口(即抽气口)，可以保证转子与密封板相对运动时，抽气口始终在两个密封片、转子与密封板围成的腔室内，这样便可以实现以较小的抽风量维持腔室内较低的压力，从而实现抽气密封的目的。
Claims (6)
1.一种抽气式回转空气预热器，包括回转空气预热器外壳(I)、转子(2)、密封片(3)以及安装在转子与外壳间的密封板(4)，其特征在于:该空气预热器还包括抽气系统，所述抽气系统包括设置在至少一个密封板(4)上的至少一个抽气口(5)、至少一个安装在密封板上包络抽气口的收风箱¢)、至少一个抽气风机(8)和空气利用设备(10);抽气风机的入口通过抽气管道(7)与收风箱连接，抽气风机的出口通过出风管道(9)与空气利用设备连接。
2.按照权利要求1所述的一种抽气式回转空气预热器，其特征在于:所述的抽气系统采用一个抽气风机，该抽气风机与多个收风箱通过抽气管道连接。
3.按照权利要求1所述的一种抽气式回转空气预热器，其特征在于:所述的密封片(3)安装在密封板(4)上靠近转子的一侧。
4.按照权利要求1、2或3所述的一种抽气式回转空气预热器，其特征在于:所述的密封板为径向密封板，密封片为径向密封片；或密封板为轴向密封板，密封片为轴向密封片；或密封板同时包括径向密封板和轴向密封板两种，密封片同时包括径向密封片和轴向密封片两种。
5.按照权利要求4所述的一种抽气式回转空气预热器，其特征在于:所述的抽气口的形状为多边形口、圆形口、椭圆形口、窄缝、扇形口或以上各种形状的组合。
6.按照权利要求4所述的一种抽气式回转空气预热器，其特征在于:所述的空气利用设备为空气预热器后的热风风道、空气预热器前的冷风风道、风机入口管道、锅炉一次风管道、烟道、炉膛、干燥设备或环境大气。
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