CN204644989U - A kind of cushion pool with efficient erosion control energy-dissipating structure - Google Patents

Abstract

A water cushion pond with a high-efficiency anti-scour and energy-dissipating structure, including the bottom of the pond and the slopes on both sides. The bottom plate is laid with a water-permeable layer and a water-flow impact-resistant layer from bottom to top. The water-flow impact-resistant layer is divided into upstream of the scour area, The scour area and the downstream of the scour area; among them, the permeable layer, the upstream of the scour area and the downstream of the scour area are all mixed and filled with loose particles of different sizes and shapes. The scour area is formed by stacking multiple steel wire cages, and the steel wire cages are filled A plurality of granular blocks of different sizes and shapes; the steel wire cage is a cube or a cuboid structure. The utility model improves the energy dissipation capacity by arranging granular blocks and steel wire cages in the water cushion pond, has high reliability, can prevent the expansion of scour pits, effectively protects the riverbed, has good flexibility, and the structure can also be self-repaired, which is extremely Greatly reduce the cost of later maintenance.

Description

A water cushion pond with high-efficiency anti-scouring and energy-dissipating structure

technical field

The utility model belongs to the field of water cushion ponds, in particular to a water cushion pond with an efficient anti-scouring and energy dissipation structure.

Background technique

At present, the forms of cushion ponds used in high arch dams are mainly divided into two types: bank revetment and bottom protection cushion ponds and bank revetment without bottom protection cushion ponds. There are two main forms of bank revetment and bottom protection pad ponds. One is the trapezoidal compound cross-section pad pond, referred to as the flat bottom pad pond, and the other is the reverse arched section pad pond, referred to as the reverse arch pad pond. Later, with the deepening understanding of the energy dissipation mechanism and scouring characteristics of the water cushion pond, some new forms of water cushion ponds, such as permeable floor and bank protection without bottom protection, were gradually tried.

1. Flat-bottomed pad pond: the apron type with a flat bottom in the middle. This apron is designed to follow the gravity plate stability design criteria, and the buoyancy stability of the bottom plate is the control condition.

2. Anti-arch water cushion pond: According to the shape of the natural channel of the canyon on the cross section, this kind of water cushion pond is designed as an arched shape with a low center and high sides. The horizontally arranged anti-arch shell replaces the flat bottom structure.

3. Bank revetment without bottom protection water cushion pond: no lining is used for the water cushion pond, only the pre-excavated scour pit, fault treatment, bedrock anchorage and slope protection on both banks, etc.

4. Water cushion pond with permeable bottom plate: set permeable holes in the bottom plate of the water cushion pond, and the pressure waves on the upper and lower surfaces of the bottom plate can be transmitted to each other, thereby reducing the pressure difference between the upper and lower surfaces of the bottom plate, improving the safety of the protective structure, and reducing the thickness of the bottom plate. Save concrete square.

These four methods are the main forms of cushion ponds currently used in high arch dams, and each has its own advantages and disadvantages. In Scheme 1, if the lifting force on the bottom plate is not considered enough and the anchoring construction of the bottom plate is poor, then once the water-stopping facilities in the gaps of the bottom plate are damaged, the bottom plate will be unstable and damaged. In Scheme 2, the bottom plate of the water cushion pond is controlled by the stability of the entire arch ring, and the arch is used to resist the huge lifting force on the bottom plate, which improves the safety of the protective structure, and its stability is much higher than that of the flat bottom water cushion pond . However, the impact load and load pulsation generated by the jet water tongue on the bottom plate of the pool are not uniform. However, the construction joints between the various plates at the bottom make the arch ring impossible to be a whole elastic structure. When the lifting force acting on a certain plate is greater than the resistance to prevent the plate from destabilizing, it tends to move in the radial direction, and finally the local instability of the bottom plate is formed. In Scheme 3, when the middle and lower reaches of the river bed are relatively open and the bedrock conditions of the pool are good, it is not necessary to line the pool. It is only necessary to pre-excavate the scoured part, treat the fault, anchor the bedrock and protect the slope on both banks. Much lower than lined pads. However, the use of slope protection without bottom protection for stilling ponds is strictly limited by topographic and geological conditions. The appearance of the permeable floor in Scheme 4 is a progress in the protection concept, and it is a step forward from the rigid impact-resistant centralized energy dissipation method to the flexible impact-resistant dispersed energy dissipation method. However, the permeable floor is still made of reinforced concrete, a hard material, and there is also a domino effect of damage. Once a certain part is damaged, it will spread rapidly, and the difficulty and cost of repair work are often very high.

Therefore, it is of great practical significance to further study the energy dissipation mechanism of water cushion ponds, improve the deficiencies in the structure of the existing water cushion pond anti-scour layer, improve the engineering economy, and propose a new type of water cushion pond energy dissipation and anti-scour method. .

Invention content

The purpose of this utility model is to address the above problems, to provide a water cushion pond with a high-efficiency anti-scour energy dissipation structure, which can be applied to the field of energy dissipation and anti-scour of dams, especially to solve the problem of deflecting flow, energy dissipation, anti-scour and bottom protection of high dams. When there is a problem, it can effectively prevent scour and dissipate energy.

In order to solve the above technical problems, the technical solution adopted by the utility model is: a pad pond with a high-efficiency anti-scouring and energy-dissipating structure, including the bottom of the pond and slopes on both sides, and a permeable layer and a water-permeable layer are laid on the bottom plate from bottom to top. The anti-water impact layer, the thickness ratio of the permeable layer and the anti-water impact layer is 5-6:3-4, and the anti-water impact layer is divided into the upstream of the scouring area, the scouring area and the downstream of the scouring area; the length ratio is 2-4 : 1～2: 3～6, in which the permeable layer, the upstream of the scour area and the downstream of the scour area are all filled with scattered particles of different sizes and shapes, and the scour area is formed by stacking multiple steel wire cages. It is filled with granular blocks; the steel wire cage is a cube or cuboid structure.

Further, the dimensions of the length×width×height of the steel wire cage are 1-5m×1-1.5×1-1.5, and the mesh of the steel wire cage is 60-200mm×80-220mm. The size of the steel wire cage and the size of the mesh are selected according to the engineering requirements. The steel wire cage is filled with large stones as much as possible, and the porosity is large; in addition, the size of the mesh affects the size of the filled granular blocks, and the size of the granular blocks must be larger than The size of the aperture prevents it from leaking out, and the size of the mesh also indirectly affects the porosity. The larger the filled block, the greater the porosity and the better the energy dissipation effect.

The steel wire cage is made of galvanized steel wire, Galvan steel wire, plastic-coated galvanized steel wire mesh or plastic-coated Galfan steel wire. Steel wire cages made of these materials have strong tensile strength and impact resistance.

The steel wire cage is made of plastic-coated galvanized steel wire mesh or plastic-coated Galfan steel wire. By making the steel wire cage with plastic-coated material, the plastic-coated layer will greatly increase the protection of the steel wire cage in a highly polluted environment, and Through the selection of different colors, it can be integrated with the surrounding environment; generally, the plastic coating layer is made of PVC or PE.

The granular blocks are one or more of regular tetrahedron, cube, sphere or natural stone. Furthermore, the said granular block is a regular tetrahedron; since the regular tetrahedron has a large porosity, the energy dissipation effect is better.

The scouring area plays the most important role in resisting water erosion, and has high requirements on porosity. The greater the porosity, the better the energy dissipation effect. Therefore, the scouring area is preferably filled with regular tetrahedral granular blocks with steel wire cages.

The porosity requirement of the permeable layer is low, and the cube shape, sphere shape or natural granular blocks are generally used, which can reduce the cost. In particular, local materials can be obtained, and the surrounding natural stones can be selected. The shape and size are not limited, and they can be used for the laying of the permeable layer, which greatly saves costs.

The granular block is made of concrete or cast iron. Scattered blocks made of cast iron have better impact resistance in the scoured area.

The utility model utilizes loose particles or natural stones of different sizes and shapes to be piled up at the bottom of the pool for anti-scouring and energy dissipation, and has good water permeability; it transforms the traditional hard anti-scouring centralized energy dissipation mode into a flexible one. The anti-shock decentralized energy dissipation method is a new type of high-efficiency anti-scour energy dissipation structure that is safe, reliable, economical and reasonable, simple and practical, and has good energy dissipation effects. The water flow in the anti-water flow impact layer, especially the water flow in the scouring area is generally high-speed water flow, and the energy contained in a single-width water flow is large, which will cause relatively serious scouring damage. It belongs to the severe scouring area, and it is filled with regular tetrahedral concrete blocks. The steel wire cage has good anti-scouring effect; when the water flow enters the permeable layer, the energy is obviously attenuated. The main function is to permeate water, and other shapes of granular blocks can be used.

The utility model imitates the principle of natural scouring, and adopts loose particles to protect the bottom of the pond, which has obvious advantages. The balanced structure has better reliability, and due to the "flexible" feature of the block accumulation structure, its construction and maintenance have better flexibility, and its structure can be self-repairing. Through the comparison of various data between the physical model and the numerical model, the water cushion pond provided by the utility model can reduce the structural size of the traditional water cushion pond, which not only saves engineering quantity and investment, but also facilitates later maintenance, and returns energy to energy-dissipating buildings. The overall selection and layout optimization bring more choices.

The water cushion pond provided by the utility model is not strictly limited by topographic and geological conditions. The downstream river bed is relatively narrow, and it can still be applied when the bedrock conditions of the paddy pond are poor. In the traditional bank revetment and bottom protection pad ponds, since the force of the water flow on the slab has a considerable relationship with the direction of action between the water flow and the slab, in the complex flow state of the pad pond, the force on the slab It is also changing rapidly, and it is easy to be lifted. In contrast, the force of the block is uniform and relatively stable. The hydraulic characteristics of the bottom protection pad pond combined with granular blocks and steel wire cages have more advantages than flat bottom pad ponds, and sufficient energy dissipation can be obtained with smaller pad ponds.

The granular block layer laid in the pad pond forms a rough overall surface, which constitutes a flexible and highly permeable structure. The block structure in the impact zone will affect the water flow. The permeable structure allows the water flow to have a buffering effect when the water flows down. When the rough surface of the block breaks the water tongue and reduces the flow velocity, the water permeability of the granular body can dissipate the water energy, reduce the gap between the blocks and a large amount of aeration eliminates the energy of the water flow, and promotes the further adjustment of the flow velocity distribution. The expansion of the pit plays an important role in the protection of the riverbed.

Description of drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the energy dissipation state of Embodiment 4.

Detailed ways

The utility model will be further described below in conjunction with the examples, but the protection scope of the utility model is not limited to the range expressed in the examples.

Example 1:

A cushion pond with a high-efficiency anti-scour and energy-dissipating structure, including the bottom of the pond and the slopes on both sides. The bottom plate is laid with a water-permeable layer and a water-flow impact-resistant layer from bottom to top. The thickness ratio of the water-permeable layer to the water-flow impact-resistant layer is 6: 4, the anti-water impact layer is divided into the upstream of the scouring area, the scouring area and the downstream of the scouring area; the length ratio is 2: 1: 3 in turn, and the permeable layer, the upstream of the scouring area and the downstream of the scouring area all adopt different sizes and shapes The scavenger blocks are mixed and filled, and the scour area is formed by stacking a plurality of steel wire cages, and the steel wire cages are filled with a plurality of scatter blocks of different sizes and shapes; the dimensions of the steel wire cages are: 1m×1 m×1 m, the mesh of the wire cage is 60mm×80mm.

Example 2:

A cushion pond with a high-efficiency anti-scour and energy-dissipating structure, including the bottom of the pond and the slopes on both sides. The bottom plate is laid with a water-permeable layer and a water-flow impact-resistant layer from bottom to top. The thickness ratio of the water-permeable layer to the water-flow impact-resistant layer is 5: 4, the anti-water impact layer is divided into the upstream of the scouring area, the scouring area and the downstream of the scouring area; the length ratio is 3: 1: 4, in which the permeable layer, the upstream of the scouring area and the downstream of the scouring area all adopt different sizes and shapes The scatter blocks are mixed and filled, and the scour area is formed by stacking multiple steel wire cages. The steel wire cages are filled with multiple regular tetrahedral scatter blocks, and the steel wire cages with a side length of 0.5m The dimensions of length x width x height are 2m x 1 m x 1 m, and the mesh of the wire cage is 100mm x 120mm; it is made of plastic-coated Galfan steel wire.

Example 3:

A cushion pond with a high-efficiency anti-scour and energy-dissipating structure, including the bottom of the pond and the slopes on both sides. The bottom plate is laid with a water-permeable layer and a water-flow impact-resistant layer from bottom to top. The thickness ratio of the water-permeable layer to the water-flow impact-resistant layer is 6: 3, the anti-water flow impact layer is divided into the upstream of the scouring area, the scouring area and the downstream of the scouring area; Tetrahedral, cube-shaped and spherical-shaped granular blocks are mixed and filled. The scour area is formed by stacking multiple steel wire cages. The steel wire cages are filled with multiple cube-shaped granular blocks. The length × width of the steel wire cages The dimension of × height is 2m × 1 m × 1 m, and it is made of galvanized steel wire.

Example 4:

A water cushion pond with a high-efficiency anti-scouring and energy-dissipating structure, including the bottom of the pond and the slopes on both sides. The bottom plate is laid with a water-permeable layer 1 and a water-flow impact-resistant layer 2 from bottom to top. The thickness of the water-permeable layer and the water-flow impact-resistant layer is The ratio is 5: 4, and the anti-water flow impact layer is divided into the upstream of the scour zone 21, the scour zone 22 and the downstream of the scour zone 23; the ratio of their lengths is 2:1:3 in turn, and the permeable layer is made of natural stones, cubic concrete blocks and spheres Concrete blocks are mixed and paved. The upstream and downstream of the scoured area are paved with regular tetrahedrons. The scoured area is formed by stacking multiple steel wire cages 3. The steel wire cages are filled with regular tetrahedral concrete granules. The steel wire cage is cubic and made of galvanized steel wire. Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the effect of using the water cushion pond to deflect flow, dissipate energy, prevent scour, and protect the bottom of a high dam. It can be seen from the figure that the impact force borne by the impact area is the largest, and the water flow velocity is the largest at this time, and the use of steel wire cages to fill the regular tetrahedral granular blocks can effectively weaken the flow velocity, break the water tongue 4, and prevent the expansion of the scour pit, effectively Protect the river bed.

The parameters in the above embodiments, especially the numerical parameters, are only for further illustrating the present utility model, and do not limit the scope thereof. In addition, in practical applications, local materials can also be obtained, and an efficient anti-scour and bottom protection system can be constructed by throwing natural block stones and prefabricated steel wire cages filled with large-size block stones, which greatly improves the economy.

Claims (8)

1. one kind has the cushion pool of efficient erosion control energy-dissipating structure, it is characterized in that: comprise at the bottom of the pool and the side slope of both sides, base plate is equipped with from the bottom to top pervious layer and anti-current-rush layer, the Thickness Ratio of pervious layer and anti-current-rush layer is 5 ~ 6:3 ~ 4, and anti-current-rush floor is divided into again and washes away upstream, district, washes away district and wash away downstream, district; Its length ratio is followed successively by 2 ~ 4:1 ~ 2:3 ~ 6, wherein pervious layer, wash away upstream, district and wash away downstream, district and all adopt the shot block mixing filling of different size, shape to form, washing away district adopts stacking the piling up of multiple wire basket to form, and is filled with shot block in wire basket; Described wire basket is square or rectangular structure.

2. the cushion pool with efficient erosion control energy-dissipating structure according to claim 1, is characterized in that: the length of wire basket × wide × high is of a size of 1 ~ 5m × 1 ~ 1.5 × 1 ~ 1.5, and the mesh of wire basket is 60 ~ 200mm × 80 ~ 220mm.

3. the cushion pool with efficient erosion control energy-dissipating structure according to claim 1, is characterized in that: described wire basket adopts zinc-coated wire, Gao Erfan steel wire, plastic galvanized steel wire netting or plastic Gao Erfan steel wire to make.

4. the cushion pool with efficient erosion control energy-dissipating structure according to claim 1, is characterized in that: described wire basket adopts plastic galvanized steel wire netting or plastic Gao Erfan steel wire to make.

5. the cushion pool with efficient erosion control energy-dissipating structure according to claim 1, is characterized in that: described shot block is one or more in positive tetrahedron, the square bodily form, spheroid or blocks of natural stone.

6. the cushion pool with efficient erosion control energy-dissipating structure according to claim 1, is characterized in that: described shot block is positive tetrahedron.

7. the cushion pool with efficient erosion control energy-dissipating structure according to claim 1, is characterized in that: described in wash away district and adopt wire basket to fill positive tetrahedron shot block, the length of side is 0.5-1m.

8. the cushion pool with efficient erosion control energy-dissipating structure according to claim 1, is characterized in that: the shot block of described pervious layer selects blocks of natural stone, and shape size does not limit.