CN204644363U - A kind of integrated form biomass waste associating two-phase dry-type anaerobic fermentation device - Google Patents
A kind of integrated form biomass waste associating two-phase dry-type anaerobic fermentation device Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
一种集成式生物质废弃物联合两相干式厌氧发酵装置，包括水解酸化区、物料缓冲区和产气区。生物质废弃物在物料调节罐内充分混合后，经进料口进入水解酸化区，水解酸化区顶部设置有沼液回流喷淋装置，用于物料的搅拌和加热，并实现进行物料的接种；随着物料不断地投入，已进行过水解酸化反应的物料被推至上层并越过不封闭挡板，进入物料缓冲区，物料缓冲区顶部设置有碱液输送管，用于调节物料的pH，保证产气区反应的顺利进行；物料在缓冲区依靠重力作用自上而下进入产气区，产气区设置有机械搅拌器，用于物料的充分混合；发酵产生的沼气经排气管排出，沼液经沼液回流管进行回流，生成的沼渣经沼渣排出口排出。
An integrated biomass waste combined two-phase dry anaerobic fermentation device, including a hydrolysis acidification zone, a material buffer zone and a gas production zone. After the biomass waste is fully mixed in the material adjustment tank, it enters the hydrolysis and acidification zone through the feed inlet. A biogas slurry return spray device is installed on the top of the hydrolysis and acidification zone, which is used for stirring and heating the material, and realizes the inoculation of the material; With the continuous input of materials, the materials that have undergone hydrolysis and acidification reaction are pushed to the upper layer and cross the non-closed baffle, and enter the material buffer zone. There is a lye delivery pipe on the top of the material buffer zone to adjust the pH of the material to ensure The reaction in the gas-producing area is carried out smoothly; the material enters the gas-producing area from top to bottom in the buffer zone relying on gravity, and the gas-producing area is equipped with a mechanical stirrer for full mixing of materials; the biogas produced by fermentation is discharged through the exhaust pipe, The biogas slurry is refluxed through the biogas slurry return pipe, and the generated biogas residue is discharged through the biogas residue discharge port.
Description
技术领域 technical field
本实用新型涉及一种集成式生物质废弃物联合两相干式厌氧发酵装置，属于固体废弃物处理技术领域。 The utility model relates to an integrated biomass waste combined two-phase dry anaerobic fermentation device, which belongs to the technical field of solid waste treatment.
背景技术 Background technique
生物质废弃物是指来源于动植物的、可以被微生物降解的固体废物，主要包括餐厨垃圾等城市生物质废物、城市污水厂污泥、枯枝落叶、杂草和残花等园林生物质废物以及农村秸秆、禽畜粪便等农业生物质废弃物等。据统计，我国生物质废弃物占主要固体废弃物产生量的62.1％，是固体废弃物的主要组成部分。生物质废弃物是人类利用自然界生物资源过程中产生的废弃物质，对生态环境的潜在威胁大，如处理不当将导致严重的环境污染。因此，对生物质废弃物的有效处理是亟需解决的重要问题之一。 Biomass waste refers to solid waste derived from animals and plants that can be degraded by microorganisms, mainly including urban biomass waste such as kitchen waste, sludge from urban sewage plants, litter, weeds and residual flowers and other garden biomass waste And rural straw, livestock manure and other agricultural biomass waste. According to statistics, my country's biomass waste accounts for 62.1% of the main solid waste generation, which is the main component of solid waste. Biomass waste is the waste material produced in the process of human beings using natural biological resources, which has a great potential threat to the ecological environment, and if it is not handled properly, it will lead to serious environmental pollution. Therefore, the effective treatment of biomass waste is one of the important problems that need to be solved urgently.
我国生物质废弃物的主要特点是含水率高、可降解有机物含量高，生物质废弃物的这些特点决定了生物质废弃物不宜采用填埋、焚烧和好氧堆肥处理。其中，在填埋过程中会产生高浓度渗滤液、恶臭物质和温室气体，且填埋层沉降不均匀、填埋压实难度大；焚烧虽然可以实现回收热能和垃圾减量，但我国生物质废弃物水分高，净热值低，不适宜焚烧，且焚烧易产生“二噁英”类物质，极易造成严重的环境污染；生物质废弃物的高含水率还会造成好氧堆肥过程易产生局部厌氧氛围，产生恶臭气体，从而导致堆肥设施卫生条件差、严重影响堆肥品质。 The main characteristics of biomass waste in my country are high moisture content and high content of degradable organic matter. These characteristics of biomass waste determine that landfill, incineration and aerobic composting are not suitable for biomass waste. Among them, high-concentration leachate, malodorous substances and greenhouse gases will be produced during the landfill process, and the settlement of the landfill layer is uneven, and landfill compaction is difficult; although incineration can achieve heat recovery and waste reduction, the biomass in my country The waste has high water content and low net calorific value, so it is not suitable for incineration, and incineration will easily produce "dioxin" substances, which will easily cause serious environmental pollution; the high moisture content of biomass waste will also cause aerobic composting. A local anaerobic atmosphere is generated, and malodorous gas is produced, which leads to poor sanitary conditions of composting facilities and seriously affects the quality of composting.
厌氧发酵是一种应用较多的生物质废弃物处理技术，这种技术可通过厌氧微生物实现生物质废弃物的降解，从而较好的实现生物质废弃物的无害化、减量化和资源化。生物质废弃物厌氧发酵在产生清洁能源(甲烷)的同时，其消化后产生的沼渣还能进一步加工为高品质肥料。 Anaerobic fermentation is a widely used biomass waste treatment technology. This technology can realize the degradation of biomass waste through anaerobic microorganisms, so as to better realize the harmlessness and reduction of biomass waste. and resourceful. While anaerobic fermentation of biomass waste produces clean energy (methane), the biogas residue produced after its digestion can be further processed into high-quality fertilizer.
根据其产酸产甲烷过程和发酵罐级数的不同，厌氧发酵可分为单相厌氧发酵和两相厌氧发酵。其中，两相厌氧发酵是人为地将厌氧反应过程分解为水解产酸阶段和产甲烷阶段，来满足不同阶段厌氧发酵微生物的活动需求，避免了发酵反应中微生物之间和代谢产物对微生物的抑制作用，为产酸菌和产甲烷菌提供了适宜的生长环境，因此两相厌氧发酵的效率更高、系统稳定性更强。然而，目前两相厌氧发酵技术还没有广泛应用于生物质废弃物的处理。 Anaerobic fermentation can be divided into single-phase anaerobic fermentation and two-phase anaerobic fermentation according to the process of acid and methane production and the number of fermentation tanks. Among them, two-phase anaerobic fermentation is to artificially decompose the anaerobic reaction process into hydrolysis acid production stage and methane production stage to meet the activity requirements of anaerobic fermentation microorganisms in different stages, and avoid the interaction between microorganisms and metabolites in the fermentation reaction. The inhibition of microorganisms provides a suitable growth environment for acidogenic bacteria and methanogenic bacteria, so the efficiency of two-phase anaerobic fermentation is higher and the system stability is stronger. However, the current two-phase anaerobic fermentation technology has not been widely used in the treatment of biomass waste.
考虑到现有的生物质废弃物厌氧发酵技术和装置的不足，我们提出一种集成式生物质废弃物联合两相干式厌氧发酵装置，以提高生物质废弃物的资源化、无害化和减量化效果。 Considering the deficiencies of the existing anaerobic fermentation technology and devices for biomass waste, we propose an integrated biomass waste combined with two-phase dry anaerobic fermentation device to improve the resource utilization and harmlessness of biomass waste and reduction effects.
发明内容 Contents of the invention
为了克服现有的生物质废弃物厌氧发酵技术产沼效率低、运行不稳定、设备占地面积大等不足，本实用新型提供一种集成式生物质废弃物联合两项干式厌氧发酵装置，该装置产沼效率高，能够较好的实现生物质废弃物的资源化、无害化和减量化，且结构简单、占地面积小。 In order to overcome the shortcomings of the existing biomass waste anaerobic fermentation technology, such as low biogas production efficiency, unstable operation, and large equipment footprint, the utility model provides an integrated biomass waste combined with two dry anaerobic fermentation The device has high biogas production efficiency, can better realize the recycling, harmlessness and reduction of biomass waste, and has a simple structure and a small footprint.
本实用新型解决其技术问题所采用的技术方案是：一种集成式生物质废弃物联合两相干式厌氧发酵装置，包括：主体发酵罐、不封闭挡板、进料口、进料泵、物料调节罐、物料调节搅拌器、沼渣排出口、温度检测仪、pH检测仪、沼液排出口、沼液回流管、段间热交换器、沼液回流泵、沼液回流喷淋装置、排气口、碱液罐、碱液输送管、机械搅拌器。 The technical solution adopted by the utility model to solve the technical problem is: an integrated biomass waste combined two-phase dry anaerobic fermentation device, including: a main body fermentation tank, an unclosed baffle, a feed port, a feed pump, Material adjustment tank, material adjustment mixer, biogas residue outlet, temperature detector, pH detector, biogas slurry outlet, biogas slurry return pipe, inter-stage heat exchanger, biogas slurry return pump, biogas slurry return spray device, Air vent, lye tank, lye delivery pipe, mechanical stirrer.
其中，所述物料调节罐设有物料调节搅拌器，同时与进料泵和主体发酵罐底部的进料口连接，用于发酵物料的搅拌、匀质。 Wherein, the material regulating tank is provided with a material regulating agitator, which is simultaneously connected with the feed pump and the feed port at the bottom of the main fermenter for stirring and homogenizing the fermented materials.
所述沼渣排出口设置在主体发酵罐的底部，用于物料反应后剩余沼渣的排出。 The biogas residue discharge port is arranged at the bottom of the main fermenter, and is used for discharging the remaining biogas residue after material reaction.
所述沼液排出口设置在主体发酵罐的中上部，其罐内部分向下倾斜插入物料液面以下， 同时与沼液回流管连接。 The biogas slurry outlet is set on the middle and upper part of the main body fermentation tank, and the inner part of the tank is inserted into the liquid surface of the material inclined downward, and is connected with the biogas slurry return pipe at the same time.
所述沼液回流管设有段间热交换器和沼液回流泵，同时与主体发酵罐顶部的沼液回流喷淋装置连接。 The biogas slurry return pipe is provided with an inter-stage heat exchanger and a biogas slurry return pump, and is connected to the biogas slurry return spraying device on the top of the main fermentation tank.
所述不封闭挡板设置在主体发酵罐内的中部，共设两片，其长度为罐体高度的3/4，两片挡板间的距离为罐体宽度的1/5～1/3，用于将主体发酵罐中的水解酸化区和产气区隔开，形成物料缓冲区。 The non-closed baffle is arranged in the middle of the main fermenter, and there are two pieces in total, the length of which is 3/4 of the height of the tank, and the distance between the two baffles is 1/5 to 1/3 of the width of the tank , which is used to separate the hydrolytic acidification zone and the gas production zone in the main fermenter to form a material buffer zone.
所述碱液输送管的两端分别与碱液罐和主体发酵罐物料缓冲区的顶部连接，用于调节缓冲区物料的pH值，以保证产气区反应的顺利进行。 The two ends of the lye delivery pipe are respectively connected to the top of the lye tank and the material buffer of the main body fermentation tank, and are used to adjust the pH value of the buffer material to ensure the smooth progress of the reaction in the gas production area.
所述机械搅拌器设置在主体发酵罐产气区，用于产气区物料的搅拌、匀质。 The mechanical stirrer is arranged in the gas production area of the main fermentation tank, and is used for stirring and homogenizing the materials in the gas production area.
所述排气口共设两个，分别连接在主体发酵罐水解酸化区和产气区的顶部。 There are two exhaust ports in total, which are respectively connected to the top of the hydrolytic acidification zone and the gas production zone of the main fermenter.
所述pH检测仪设置在主体发酵罐物料缓冲区的顶部或中部。 The pH detector is set at the top or middle of the material buffer of the main fermentation tank.
所述温度检测仪设置在主体发酵罐的中部。 The temperature detector is arranged in the middle of the main fermentation tank.
本实用新型实施方式通过主体发酵罐与进料泵、沼液回流管等组成的发酵装置，利用两相干式厌氧发酵技术处理生物质废弃物，其水解酸化区和产气区集成在一个发酵罐中，节约了成本和运行费用，处理效率高，不会造成二次污染，发酵分离后的产物可制得高效肥料及沼气能源，实现了生物质废弃物的无害化、减量化和资源化。 The embodiment of the utility model uses a fermentation device composed of a main body fermentation tank, a feed pump, and a biogas slurry return pipe to process biomass waste by using two-phase dry anaerobic fermentation technology. The hydrolysis acidification area and the gas production area are integrated in one fermentation In the tank, the cost and operating expenses are saved, the treatment efficiency is high, and no secondary pollution will be caused. The products after fermentation and separation can be used to produce high-efficiency fertilizers and biogas energy, which realizes the harmlessness, reduction and resourceful.
附图说明 Description of drawings
图1为本实用新型所述反应装置结构示意图。 Fig. 1 is a structural schematic diagram of the reaction device described in the present invention.
图中标记分别为：1.物料调节罐；2.物料调节搅拌器；3.进料泵；4.进料口；5.不封闭挡板；6.温度检测仪；7.主体发酵罐；8.排气口；9.沼液回流喷淋装置；10.pH检测仪；11.机械搅拌器；12.沼液回流泵；13.段间热交换器；14.碱液输送管；15.沼液回流管；16.碱液罐；17.沼液排出口；18.沼渣排出口。 The marks in the figure are: 1. Material adjustment tank; 2. Material adjustment mixer; 3. Feed pump; 4. Feed inlet; 5. Unclosed baffle; 6. Temperature detector; 7. Main fermentation tank; 8. Exhaust port; 9. Biogas slurry return spray device; 10. pH detector; 11. Mechanical stirrer; 12. Biogas slurry return pump; 13. Inter-stage heat exchanger; . Biogas slurry return pipe; 16. Alkali tank; 17. Biogas slurry outlet; 18. Biogas residue outlet.
具体实施方式 Detailed ways
下面结合附图和实施例对本实用新型进行更详尽的说明。 Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing and embodiment the utility model is described in more detail.
实施例1： Example 1:
请参见图1. See Figure 1.
一种集成式生物质废弃物联合两相干式厌氧发酵装置，由物料调节罐(1)、物料调节搅拌器(2)、进料泵(3)、进料口(4)、不封闭挡板(5)、温度检测仪(6)、主体发酵罐(7)、排气口(8)、沼液回流喷淋装置(9)、pH检测仪(10)、机械搅拌器(11)、沼液回流泵(12)、段间热交换器(13)、碱液输送管(14)、沼液回流管(15)、碱液罐(16)、沼液排出口(17)和沼渣排出口(18)组成。 An integrated biomass waste combined two-phase dry anaerobic fermentation device, which consists of a material regulating tank (1), a material regulating agitator (2), a feed pump (3), a feed port (4), an unclosed stop plate (5), temperature detector (6), main fermenter (7), exhaust port (8), biogas slurry return spraying device (9), pH detector (10), mechanical stirrer (11), Biogas slurry return pump (12), inter-stage heat exchanger (13), lye delivery pipe (14), biogas slurry return pipe (15), lye tank (16), biogas slurry outlet (17) and biogas residue Discharge port (18) is formed.
其中，所述物料调节罐设有物料调节搅拌器，同时与进料泵和主体发酵罐底部的进料口连接，用于发酵物料的搅拌、匀质。 Wherein, the material regulating tank is provided with a material regulating agitator, which is simultaneously connected with the feed pump and the feed port at the bottom of the main fermenter for stirring and homogenizing the fermented materials.
所述沼渣排出口设置在主体发酵罐的底部，用于物料反应后剩余沼渣的排出。 The biogas residue discharge port is arranged at the bottom of the main fermenter, and is used for discharging the remaining biogas residue after material reaction.
所述沼液排出口设置在主体发酵罐的中上部，其罐内部分向下倾斜插入物料液面以下，同时与沼液回流管连接。 The biogas slurry outlet is arranged at the middle and upper part of the main fermentation tank, and the inner part of the tank is inserted into the liquid surface of the material with an inclination downward, and is connected with the biogas slurry return pipe at the same time.
所述沼液回流管设有段间热交换器和沼液回流泵，同时与主体发酵罐顶部的沼液回流喷淋装置连接。 The biogas slurry return pipe is provided with an inter-stage heat exchanger and a biogas slurry return pump, and is connected to the biogas slurry return spraying device on the top of the main fermentation tank.
所述不封闭挡板设置在主体发酵罐内的中部，共设两片，其长度为罐体高度的3/4，两片挡板间的距离为罐体宽度的1/5～1/3，用于将主体发酵罐中的水解酸化区和产气区隔开，形成物料缓冲区。 The non-closed baffle is arranged in the middle of the main fermenter, and there are two pieces in total, the length of which is 3/4 of the height of the tank, and the distance between the two baffles is 1/5 to 1/3 of the width of the tank , which is used to separate the hydrolytic acidification zone and the gas production zone in the main fermenter to form a material buffer zone.
所述碱液输送管的两端分别与碱液罐和主体发酵罐物料缓冲区的顶部连接，用于调节缓冲区物料的pH值，以保证产气区反应的顺利进行。 The two ends of the lye delivery pipe are respectively connected to the top of the lye tank and the material buffer of the main body fermentation tank, and are used to adjust the pH value of the buffer material to ensure the smooth progress of the reaction in the gas production area.
所述机械搅拌器设置在主体发酵罐产气区，用于产气区物料的搅拌、匀质。 The mechanical stirrer is arranged in the gas production area of the main fermentation tank, and is used for stirring and homogenizing the materials in the gas production area.
所述排气口共设两个，分别连接在主体发酵罐水解酸化区和产气区的顶部。 There are two exhaust ports in total, which are respectively connected to the top of the hydrolytic acidification zone and the gas production zone of the main fermenter.
所述pH检测仪设置在主体发酵罐物料缓冲区的顶部或中部。 The pH detector is set at the top or middle of the material buffer of the main fermentation tank.
所述温度检测仪设置在主体发酵罐的中部。 The temperature detector is arranged in the middle of the main fermentation tank.
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Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN109626775A (en) * | 2018-12-24 | 2019-04-16 | 农业部沼气科学研究所 | A kind of continous way biogas fermentation device and method for nearly dry fermentation |
| CN113373045A (en) * | 2021-07-02 | 2021-09-10 | 亚德（上海）环保系统有限公司 | Two-phase dry anaerobic fermentor, fermentation system and fermentation method |
| CN113717832A (en) * | 2020-05-21 | 2021-11-30 | 上海市机电设计研究院有限公司 | Two-phase dry type fermentation biogas production device and method for organic wastes |
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Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN109626775A (en) * | 2018-12-24 | 2019-04-16 | 农业部沼气科学研究所 | A kind of continous way biogas fermentation device and method for nearly dry fermentation |
| CN113717832A (en) * | 2020-05-21 | 2021-11-30 | 上海市机电设计研究院有限公司 | Two-phase dry type fermentation biogas production device and method for organic wastes |
| CN113373045A (en) * | 2021-07-02 | 2021-09-10 | 亚德（上海）环保系统有限公司 | Two-phase dry anaerobic fermentor, fermentation system and fermentation method |
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