CN204625409U - 一种新型稀土废水综合处理系统 - Google Patents
一种新型稀土废水综合处理系统 Download PDFInfo
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- CN204625409U CN204625409U CN201520164374.7U CN201520164374U CN204625409U CN 204625409 U CN204625409 U CN 204625409U CN 201520164374 U CN201520164374 U CN 201520164374U CN 204625409 U CN204625409 U CN 204625409U
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- 239000002351 wastewater Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 33
- 229910052761 rare earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 20
- 150000002910 rare earth metals Chemical class 0.000 title claims abstract description 20
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- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 48
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 35
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 35
- MYMOFIZGZYHOMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxygen Chemical compound data:image/svg+xml;base64,PD94bWwgdmVyc2lvbj0nMS4wJyBlbmNvZGluZz0naXNvLTg4NTktMSc/Pgo8c3ZnIHZlcnNpb249JzEuMScgYmFzZVByb2ZpbGU9J2Z1bGwnCiAgICAgICAgICAgICAgeG1sbnM9J2h0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnJwogICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgeG1sbnM6cmRraXQ9J2h0dHA6Ly93d3cucmRraXQub3JnL3htbCcKICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgIHhtbG5zOnhsaW5rPSdodHRwOi8vd3d3LnczLm9yZy8xOTk5L3hsaW5rJwogICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICB4bWw6c3BhY2U9J3ByZXNlcnZlJwp3aWR0aD0nMzAwcHgnIGhlaWdodD0nMzAwcHgnIHZpZXdCb3g9JzAgMCAzMDAgMzAwJz4KPCEtLSBFTkQgT0YgSEVBREVSIC0tPgo8cmVjdCBzdHlsZT0nb3BhY2l0eToxLjA7ZmlsbDojRkZGRkZGO3N0cm9rZTpub25lJyB3aWR0aD0nMzAwLjAnIGhlaWdodD0nMzAwLjAnIHg9JzAuMCcgeT0nMC4wJz4gPC9yZWN0Pgo8cGF0aCBjbGFzcz0nYm9uZC0wIGF0b20tMCBhdG9tLTEnIGQ9J00gMTA1LjgsMTcwLjUgTCAxOTUuNywxNzAuNScgc3R5bGU9J2ZpbGw6bm9uZTtmaWxsLXJ1bGU6ZXZlbm9kZDtzdHJva2U6I0U4NDIzNTtzdHJva2Utd2lkdGg6Mi4wcHg7c3Ryb2tlLWxpbmVjYXA6YnV0dDtzdHJva2UtbGluZWpvaW46bWl0ZXI7c3Ryb2tlLW9wYWNpdHk6MScgLz4KPHBhdGggY2xhc3M9J2JvbmQtMCBhdG9tLTAgYXRvbS0xJyBkPSdNIDEwNS44LDEyOS41IEwgMTk1LjcsMTI5LjUnIHN0eWxlPSdmaWxsOm5vbmU7ZmlsbC1ydWxlOmV2ZW5vZGQ7c3Ryb2tlOiNFODQyMzU7c3Ryb2tlLXdpZHRoOjIuMHB4O3N0cm9rZS1saW5lY2FwOmJ1dHQ7c3Ryb2tlLWxpbmVqb2luOm1pdGVyO3N0cm9rZS1vcGFjaXR5OjEnIC8+Cjx0ZXh0IHg9JzM1LjcnIHk9JzE3MC4wJyBjbGFzcz0nYXRvbS0wJyBzdHlsZT0nZm9udC1zaXplOjQwcHg7Zm9udC1zdHlsZTpub3JtYWw7Zm9udC13ZWlnaHQ6bm9ybWFsO2ZpbGwtb3BhY2l0eToxO3N0cm9rZTpub25lO2ZvbnQtZmFtaWx5OnNhbnMtc2VyaWY7dGV4dC1hbmNob3I6c3RhcnQ7ZmlsbDojRTg0MjM1JyA+TzwvdGV4dD4KPHRleHQgeD0nMjQwLjMnIHk9JzE3MC4wJyBjbGFzcz0nYXRvbS0xJyBzdHlsZT0nZm9udC1zaXplOjQwcHg7Zm9udC1zdHlsZTpub3JtYWw7Zm9udC13ZWlnaHQ6bm9ybWFsO2ZpbGwtb3BhY2l0eToxO3N0cm9rZTpub25lO2ZvbnQtZmFtaWx5OnNhbnMtc2VyaWY7dGV4dC1hbmNob3I6c3RhcnQ7ZmlsbDojRTg0MjM1JyA+TzwvdGV4dD4KPC9zdmc+Cg== data:image/svg+xml;base64,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 O=O MYMOFIZGZYHOMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 35
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- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 description 6
- CVTZKFWZDBJAHE-UHFFFAOYSA-N [N].N Chemical compound 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- 235000012538 ammonium bicarbonate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- ATRRKUHOCOJYRX-UHFFFAOYSA-N azanium;hydron;carbonate Chemical compound 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[NH4+].OC([O-])=O ATRRKUHOCOJYRX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000011089 carbon dioxide Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003518 caustics Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 231100001010 corrosive Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 238000010790 dilution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009300 dissolved air flotation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007791 liquid phase Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000005405 multipole Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001590 oxidative Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012071 phase Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005191 phase separation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003911 water pollution Methods 0.000 description 1
Abstract
本实用新型涉及一种新型稀土废水综合处理系统,其包括预处理单元、污水富集单元和超临界水氧化单元；预处理单元中包括依次连通的筛滤装置、调节池和气浮池，所述污水富集单元的入口连接所述预处理单元的出口，污水富集单元的清水出口连接一清水池；所述超临界水氧化单元的超临界水氧化反应器、气固分离系统、气液分离系统依次连接，所述超临界水氧化反应器的污水入口连接所述污水富集单元的浓水出口，超临界水氧化反应器的氧气入口连接所述氧气供应系统，所述气液分离系统的出口连接所述清水池。本实用新型综合多种方法将更大范围COD值的稀土废水进行超临界水氧化处理，有机物去除率可达百分之九十九以上，色度达标，治污彻底，成本较低。
Description
技术领域
[0001] 本实用新型属于污水处理及资源能源循环回收技术领域，涉及一种新型稀土废水综合处理系统。
背景技术
[0002] 传统的稀土废水沉淀多采用碳酸氢铵做沉淀剂，其优点是得到的碳酸稀土沉淀颗粒粗大，易洗涤、杂质少。但由于沉淀剂中的氨根离子没有利用，全部进入到沉淀废水，导致废水中的氨氮含量很高。
[0003] 氨氮对环境的影响已经引起环保领域和全球范围的重视，为了保护生态环境，减轻水体污染，国家对废水中的氨氮含量一致有着严格的规定，在标准中明确规定了现有稀土生产企业直接排放的废水中氨氮含量小于等于15mg/L，总氨小于等于30mg/L。以往的稀土废水处理系统达标困难，且废水处理过程中生成的资源能源利用不理想。
[0004] 因此，需要寻求一种更适合的稀土废水综合处理系统。
发明内容
[0005] 本实用新型的目的在于克服现有技术存在的问题和不足，提供一种处理效率高、零污染排放、操作简单、可同时实现能源和资源回收的新型稀土废水综合处理系统。
[0006] 本实用新型解决其技术问题是通过以下技术方案实现的:
[0007] —种新型稀土废水综合处理系统，其特征在于:它包括预处理单元、污水富集单元和超临界水氧化单元；其中，所述预处理单元中包括依次连通的筛滤装置、调节池和气浮池，所述污水富集单元的入口连接所述预处理单元的出口，污水富集单元的清水出口连接一清水池；
[0008] 所述超临界水氧化单元包含氧气供应系统、启动燃料系统、超临界水氧化反应器、气固分离系统、气液分离系统，其中，超临界水氧化反应器、气固分离系统、气液分离系统依次连接，所述超临界水氧化反应器的污水入口连接所述污水富集单元的浓水出口，超临界水氧化反应器的氧气入口连接所述氧气供应系统，所述气液分离系统的出口连接所述清水池。
[0009] 污水富集单元包括中间调节池、过滤器、第一膜分离装置、第二膜分离装置、第三膜分离装置和第四膜分离装置。中间水池的入口连接所述预处理单元、第三膜分离装置的浓水出口和第四膜分离装置的浓水出口。第一膜分离装置的入口连接过滤器的出口，第一膜分离装置的浓水出口连接第二膜分离装置的入口，第一膜分离装置的产水出口连接第三膜分离装置的入口 ；第三膜分离装置的产水出口连接第四膜分离装置的入口，第四膜分离装置的产水出口连接所述清水池。第二膜分离装置的浓水出口连接所述超临界水氧化反应器的污水入口，所述第二膜分离装置的产水出口连接中间水池或第三膜分离装置的入口或第四膜分离装置的入口。
[0010] 所述第一膜过滤器、第二膜分离装置、第三膜分离装置和第四膜分离装置均为碟管式膜分离装置，该碟管式膜分离装置由耐压外壳、电源端盖、进水端盖、导流盘，碟片式膜袋、电极板及中心拉杆构成，电源端盖、多个导流盘及进水端盖依次叠放，并在其中部采用中心拉杆穿装固定，耐压外壳密封固装于电源端盖及进水端盖外，导流盘外周与耐压外壳之间形成原水通道，导流盘中部制有槽口，以形成过滤通道，导流盘中心与中心拉杆之间形成产水通道，在相邻两导流盘之间叠装碟片式膜袋，碟片式膜袋与上下的导流盘之间不接触，形成过滤通道，在叠片式膜袋内部安装电极板。
[0011] 所述筛滤装置为细栅格或筛网。
[0012] 所述的超临界水氧化反应器包括筒体、燃烧器、蒸发壁；所述筒体内部同心设置蒸发壁，所述蒸发壁与筒体之间形成沿筒体轴向分布的多级环状的封闭的狭隙，每个所述狭隙在筒体上开有入水口，经由入水口通入的液体能够通过所述蒸发壁渗入，在蒸发壁内表面形成水膜；燃烧器自筒体顶部伸入，所述燃烧器的燃烧嘴位于筒体内，蒸发壁由多孔材料制成，所述液体为亚临界水，筒体上部制有污水入口及氧气入口，燃烧器制有燃料入口及氧气入口，筒体底部制有液体排出口。
[0013] 所述气液分离系统的气体出口依次连接压力能回收系统、富氧回用系统和所述氧气供应系统。
[0014] 所述气固分尚系统和气液分尚系统之间设置热交换系统，所述热交换系统的蒸汽出口连接蒸汽利用设备。
[0015] 本实用新型的优点和有益效果为:
[0016] 1、本实用新型针对稀土废水COD变化范围比较大的情况，将膜富集(MET)与超临界水氧化(SCWO)结合运用，在超临界水氧化工艺的前端添加膜富集(MET:MembraneEnrichTreatment)工艺对废水进行浓缩，可使更大范围COD值的稀土废水能够进行超临界水氧化处理，实现减量化、资源化、无害化，有机物去除率可达百分之九十九以上，出水色度可达标；设计有能源资源利用单元，对稀土废水处理过程中产生的资源、能源直接利用或回收，降低处理成本，经济效益更好。
[0017] 2、本实用新型的超临界水氧化反应器采用多层筒体，各层筒体和蒸发壁之间形成相互独立的区域，进入此区域的为亚临界水，亚临界水在压差的作用下，流入蒸发壁内表面，由于蒸发壁采用多级安装，各个分区单独调节进水量，保证了在其上形成一层厚度均匀的水膜，溶解了在超临界反应过程中产生的无机盐，阻止了无机盐在内壁上的结垢，同时防止了腐蚀性物质与内筒壁接触从而造成的腐蚀；脱盐后的反应流体从底部流出，提高了装置的安全性，蒸发壁的使用降低了对反应釜筒体材料的选择难度；同时当蒸发壁破碎或者堵塞时，无需更换所有蒸发壁，只需更换损坏的蒸发壁即可使用。
附图说明
[0018] 图1为新型稀土废水综合处理系统的结构示意图；
[0019] 图2为本实用新型中的碟管式膜分离装置的结构示意图；
[0020] 图3为本实用新型中的碟管式膜分离装置中的电极板的结构示意图；
[0021] 图4为本实用新型中的超临界水氧化反应器的结构示意图。
[0022] 附图标记说明:
[0023] 细格栅1、调节池2、气浮池3、中间调节池4、过滤器5、第一碟管式膜分离装置6、第三碟管式膜分离装置7、第四碟管式膜分离装置8、清水池9、第一加药系统10、第二加药系统11、第二碟管式膜分离装置12、启动燃料系统13、超临界水氧化(SCWO)反应器14、气固分尚系统15、热交换系统16、气液分尚系统17、压力能回收系统18、氧气供应系统19、固体盐类收集设备20、蒸汽利用设备21富氧回用系统22、中心拉杆23、电源端盖24、耐压外壳25、浓水出口 26、产水出口 27、进水端盖28、原水进口 29、原水通道30、导流盘31、碟片式膜袋32、电极板33、过滤通道34、产水通道36、接线柱避让孔37、接线柱安装孔38、筒体39、入水口 40、狭隙41、污水入口及氧气入口 42、燃料入口及氧气入口 43、燃烧器44、蒸发壁45、液体排出口 46。
具体实施方式
[0024] 下面通过具体实施例对本实用新型作进一步详述，以下实施例只是描述性的，不是限定性的，不能以此限定本实用新型的保护范围。
[0025] 一种新型稀土废水综合处理系统，由预处理单元、污水富集单元、超临界水氧化单元构成，预处理单元、污水富集单元、超临界水氧化单元依次连通。
[0026] 预处理单元，包含细格栅1、调节池2、气浮池3、第一加药系统10、第二加药系统11，细格栅、调节池、气浮池依次连通，第一加药系统与调节池连通，第二加药系统与气浮池连通。
[0027] 污水富集单元的入口连接所述预处理单元的出口，污水富集单元的清水出口连接一清水池。污水富集单元包括中间调节池4、过滤器5、第一碟管式膜分离装置6、第二碟管式膜分离装置12、第三碟管式膜分离装置7和第四碟管式膜分离装置8。中间水池的入口连接预处理单元、第三膜分离装置的浓水出口和第四膜分离装置的浓水出口。第一碟管式膜分离装置的入口连接过滤器的出口，第一碟管式膜分离装置的浓水出口连接第二碟管式膜分离装置的入口，第一碟管式膜分离装置的产水出口连接第三碟管式膜分离装置的入口 ；第三碟管式膜分离装置的产水出口连接第四膜分离装置的入口，第四碟管式膜分离装置的产水出口连接所述清水池。第二碟管式膜分离装置的浓水出口连接所述超临界水氧化反应器的污水入口，所述第二碟管式膜分离装置的产水出口连接中间水池或第三碟管式膜分离装置的入口或第四碟管式膜分离装置的入口。
[0028] 如图2所示，上述碟管式膜分离装置由耐压外壳25、电源端盖24、进水端盖28、导流盘31，碟片式膜袋32、电极板33及中心拉杆23构成，电源端盖、多个导流盘及进水端盖依次叠放，并在其中部采用中心拉杆穿装固定。耐压外壳密封固装于电源端盖及进水端盖外，导流盘外周与耐压外壳之间形成原水通道30，导流盘中部制有槽口 35，以形成过滤通道34，导流盘中心与中心拉杆之间形成产水通道36，在相邻两导流盘之间叠装碟片式膜袋，碟片式膜袋与上下的导流盘之间不接触，形成过滤通道。在叠片式膜袋内部安装电极板。
[0029] 如图3所示，电极板制有接线柱安装孔38，与接线柱安装孔相对一侧制有接线柱避让孔37，形成叉指电极的两电极板为对称放置，两相邻电极板形成叉指电极。进水端盖制有与原水通道连通的原水进口 29，进水端盖还制有与过滤通道连通的浓水出口 26，及与产水通道连通的产水出口 27。产水出口制于下护套侧壁。
[0030] 超临界水氧化单元，包含氧气供应系统19、启动燃料系统13、超临界水氧化(SCffO)反应器14、气固分离系统15、热交换系统16、气液分离系统17、压力能回收系统18、富氧回用系统22。氧气供应系统与超临界水氧化反应器的氧气入口连接，启动燃料系统与超临界水氧化(SCWO)反应器的燃料入口连通，超临界水氧化(SCWO)反应器、气固分离系统、热交换系统、气液分离系统、压力能回收系统、富氧回用系统依次连通，热交换系统的蒸汽出口连接蒸汽利用设备21。气固分离系统的固体出口连接至固体盐类收集设备20。气液分离系统同时与清水池9连通。
[0031] 超临界水氧化反应器包括筒体39、燃烧器44、蒸发壁45 ;筒体内部同心设置蒸发壁，蒸发壁与筒体之间形成沿筒体轴向分布的多级环状的封闭的狭隙41，每个狭隙在筒体上开有入水口 40，经由入水口通入的液体能够通过所述蒸发壁渗入，在蒸发壁内表面形成水膜；燃烧器自筒体顶部伸入，燃烧器的燃烧嘴位于筒体内，蒸发壁由多孔材料制成，液体为亚临界水，筒体上部制有污水入口及氧气入口 42，燃烧器制有燃料入口及氧气入口 43，筒体底部制有液体排出口 46。
[0032] 本新型稀土废水综合处理系统的工作原理为
[0033] 本实施例中，设计进水COD为14400mg/L，PH为6.3。
[0034] (I)均质:稀土废水经过细格栅去除悬浮物，然后进入调节池，进行均质均量调节，通过第一加药系统向调节池中加入PAC、PAM等药剂，去除大部分悬浮物和胶体物质。
[0035] (2)气浮分离:经过调节池均质后的稀土废水进入气浮池中，通过第二加药系统向该池中加入PAC、PAM等药剂，去除大部分浮渣，然后进入中间调节池。
[0036] (3)过滤:稀土废水经过中间调节池后，进入过滤器进行过滤，然后进入第一碟管式膜分离装置(DTNFl)进行过滤浓缩。
[0037] (4)膜浓缩:即将经过过滤后的稀土废水再经三次膜浓缩，产出清水、次清水、浓水，清水回收利用，次清水再次过滤，浓水进行超临界水氧化。具体过程为:过滤器中的出水进入第一碟管式膜分离装置(DTNFl)进行过滤浓缩，其浓水再次进入第二碟管式膜分离装置(DTNF2)进行二次过滤浓缩，经过二次过滤浓缩后的浓水进入超临界水氧化反应器，经过二次过滤浓缩后的产水进入第四碟管式膜分离装置(DTNF4)再次过滤浓缩；第一碟管式膜分离装置(DTNFl)产水口出来的水进入第三碟管式膜分离装置(DTNF3)进行再次过滤浓缩，第三碟管式膜分离装置(DTNF3)的产水进入第四碟管式膜分离装置(DTNF4)再次过滤浓缩，第四碟管式膜分离装置(DTNF4)的产水进入清水池回用；经过第三碟管式膜分离装置(DTNF3)的浓水和经过第四碟管式膜分离装置(DTNF4)的浓水循环回到中间调节池。
[0038] (5)超临界水氧化(SCWO):即将经过膜浓缩后的浓水在超临界水氧化反应器内进行氧化反应，在超过水的临界点(T = 374.15°C，P = 22.12MPa)的高温高压条件下，以氧气和其他氧化剂将有机物进行“燃烧”氧化，以去除大部分有机物。
[0039] (6)气固分离:即在超临界水氧化反应器内氧化反应后的超临界流体和无机盐通过气固分离装置进行分离，无机盐以固体的形式脱除。
[0040] (7)气液分离:脱盐后的超临界流体进入热交换系统多级换热，热能转换为蒸汽进入蒸汽利用设备进行发电或供暖等；超临界流体经多极换热后，其温度在100〜200°C、压力在22〜35MPa，进入到压力能回收系统，释放压力并输出动能后进入气液分离系统；气液分离系统通过背压阀控制压力到5〜lOMPa，进行气相和液相分离，气体部分为二氧化碳和多余氧气，液体部分为水，气液分离得到的清水直接进入清水池予以利用，气体部分进入富氧回用系统。
[0041] (8)富氧回用:经过气液分离后得到了二氧化碳和氧气，多余的氧气可以直接在本系统中加以回收利用。
Claims (9)
1.一种新型稀土废水综合处理系统，其特征在于:它包括预处理单元、污水富集单元和超临界水氧化单元；其中，所述预处理单元中包括依次连通的筛滤装置、调节池和气浮池，所述污水富集单元的入口连接所述预处理单元的出口，污水富集单元的清水出口连接一清水池； 所述超临界水氧化单元包含氧气供应系统、启动燃料系统、超临界水氧化反应器、气固分离系统、气液分离系统，其中，超临界水氧化反应器、气固分离系统、气液分离系统依次连接，所述超临界水氧化反应器的污水入口连接所述污水富集单元的浓水出口，超临界水氧化反应器的氧气入口连接所述氧气供应系统，所述气液分离系统的出口连接所述清水池。
2.如权利要求1所述的新型稀土废水综合处理系统，其特征在于:污水富集单元包括中间调节池、过滤器、第一膜分离装置、第二膜分离装置、第三膜分离装置和第四膜分离装置；中间水池的入口连接所述预处理单元、第三膜分离装置的浓水出口和第四膜分离装置的浓水出口 ；第一膜分离装置的入口连接过滤器的出口，第一膜分离装置的浓水出口连接第二膜分离装置的入口，第一膜分离装置的产水出口连接第三膜分离装置的入口 ；第三膜分离装置的产水出口连接第四膜分离装置的入口，第四膜分离装置的产水出口连接所述清水池；第二膜分离装置的浓水出口连接所述超临界水氧化反应器的污水入口，所述第二膜分离装置的产水出口连接中间水池或第三膜分离装置的入口或第四膜分离装置的入口。
3.如权利要求2所述的新型稀土废水综合处理系统，其特征在于:所述第一膜过滤器、第二膜分离装置、第三膜分离装置和第四膜分离装置均为碟管式膜分离装置，该碟管式膜分离装置由耐压外壳、电源端盖、进水端盖、导流盘，碟片式膜袋、电极板及中心拉杆构成，电源端盖、多个导流盘及进水端盖依次叠放，并在其中部采用中心拉杆穿装固定，耐压外壳密封固装于电源端盖及进水端盖外，导流盘外周与耐压外壳之间形成原水通道，导流盘中部制有槽口，以形成过滤通道，导流盘中心与中心拉杆之间形成产水通道，在相邻两导流盘之间叠装碟片式膜袋，碟片式膜袋与上下的导流盘之间不接触，形成过滤通道，在叠片式膜袋内部安装电极板。
4.如权利要求1或2或3所述的新型稀土废水综合处理系统，其特征在于:所述筛滤装置为细栅格或筛网。
5.根据权利要求1所述的新型稀土废水综合处理系统，其特征在于:所述的超临界水氧化反应器包括筒体、燃烧器、蒸发壁；所述筒体内部同心设置蒸发壁，所述蒸发壁与筒体之间形成沿筒体轴向分布的多级环状的封闭的狭隙，每个所述狭隙在筒体上开有入水口，经由入水口通入的液体能够通过所述蒸发壁渗入，在蒸发壁内表面形成水膜；燃烧器自筒体顶部伸入，所述燃烧器的燃烧嘴位于筒体内，蒸发壁由多孔材料制成，所述液体为亚临界水，筒体上部制有污水入口及氧气入口，燃烧器制有燃料入口及氧气入口，筒体底部制有液体排出口。
6.根据权利要求1、2、3、5之一所述的一种新型稀土废水综合处理系统，其特征在于:所述气液分离系统的气体出口依次连接压力能回收系统、富氧回用系统和所述氧气供应系统。
7.根据权利要求1、2、3、5之一所述的一种新型稀土废水综合处理系统，其特征在于:所述气固分离系统和气液分离系统之间设置热交换系统，所述热交换系统的蒸汽出口连接蒸汽利用设备。
8.根据权利要求4所述的一种新型稀土废水综合处理系统，其特征在于:所述气液分离系统的气体出口依次连接压力能回收系统、富氧回用系统和所述氧气供应系统。
9.根据权利要求4所述的一种新型稀土废水综合处理系统，其特征在于:所述气固分离系统和气液分离系统之间设置热交换系统，所述热交换系统的蒸汽出口连接蒸汽利用设备。
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