CN204575823U - A kind of circuit that can carry out voltage sample to cell any in series battery - Google Patents
A kind of circuit that can carry out voltage sample to cell any in series battery Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本实用新型适用于电池管理系统领域，提供了一种可对串联电池组中任意单体电池进行电压采样的电路。包括MCU、光耦继电器组、光耦继电器控制器、采样转换器；每个光耦继电器的第一常闭触点连接电池正极，用于输出的第二常闭触点连接采样转换器的输入端，采样转换器的输出端与MCU连接；第一常开触点连接电池负极，第二常开触点连接地；光耦继电器控制器具有多个控制信号输出端，各控制信号输出端与各光耦继电器中的发光二极管一一对应连接；光耦继电器控制器的控制信号输入端与MCU连接，根据MCU的控制信号控制相应的光耦继电器接通。本实用新型提供的采样电路，实现了随意对一组串联电池组中的任一节或任几节单体电池电压采样。
The utility model is suitable for the field of battery management systems and provides a circuit capable of sampling the voltage of any single battery in a series battery pack. Including MCU, optocoupler relay group, optocoupler relay controller, sampling converter; the first normally closed contact of each optocoupler relay is connected to the positive pole of the battery, and the second normally closed contact for output is connected to the input of the sampling converter terminal, the output terminal of the sampling converter is connected to the MCU; the first normally open contact is connected to the negative pole of the battery, and the second normally open contact is connected to the ground; the optocoupler relay controller has multiple control signal output terminals, and each control signal output terminal is connected to the The light-emitting diodes in each optocoupler relay are connected one by one; the control signal input terminal of the optocoupler relay controller is connected to the MCU, and the corresponding optocoupler relay is controlled to be turned on according to the control signal of the MCU. The sampling circuit provided by the utility model realizes random sampling of the voltage of any single cell or several single cells in a group of series-connected battery packs.
Description
技术领域technical field
本实用新型属于电池管理系统领域，尤其涉及一种可对串联电池组中任意单体电池进行电压采样的电路。The utility model belongs to the field of battery management systems, in particular to a circuit capable of sampling the voltage of any single battery in a series battery pack.
背景技术Background technique
随着新能源储能市场的崛起，蓄电池作为系统的能量来源，它的质量对系统的高效安全存在至关重要的影响，所以蓄电池在线监测产品也应运而生。With the rise of the new energy storage market, the battery is the energy source of the system, and its quality has a crucial impact on the efficiency and safety of the system, so the battery online monitoring product also emerges as the times require.
传统的串联电池组采样电路都只适合逐节相邻进行采样，不适合随意对间隔几节或者几十节的单节电池进行采样；而且在采样电路中电池正负极采样信号线反接时，不能完成对电池的监测。但实际有些情况下并不需要对系统中的每节电池均进行监测，如果还是以前的方案的话，就会出现资源的浪费和技术的空缺。比如对容量较大的铅酸电池组的监测系统中，对单体电压的采样可以不用像传统的锂电池那样每节电池都进行采样，只需要对其中的几节电池进行采样即可。所以根据目前市场上的实际情况，需要一种可对串联电池组中任意单体电池进行电压采样的电路。The traditional series battery pack sampling circuit is only suitable for sampling adjacent cells one by one, and is not suitable for random sampling of single-cell batteries with intervals of several or dozens of cells; and when the positive and negative sampling signal lines of the battery are reversed in the sampling circuit , can not complete the monitoring of the battery. However, in some cases, it is not necessary to monitor every battery in the system. If it is still the previous solution, there will be a waste of resources and a lack of technology. For example, in the monitoring system of a large-capacity lead-acid battery pack, the sampling of the voltage of a single cell does not need to be sampled for each battery like the traditional lithium battery, but only a few of the batteries need to be sampled. Therefore, according to the current actual situation in the market, a circuit capable of sampling the voltage of any single battery in a series battery pack is needed.
实用新型内容Utility model content
本实用新型所要解决的技术问题在于提供一种可对串联电池组中任意单体电池进行电压采样的电路，旨在实现随意对一组串联电池组中的任一节或任几节单体电池电压进行采样。The technical problem to be solved by the utility model is to provide a circuit capable of sampling the voltage of any single battery in a series battery pack, aiming to realize random sampling of any or any single battery in a series series battery pack. voltage is sampled.
本实用新型是这样实现的，一种可对串联电池组中任意单体电池进行电压采样的电路，所述采样装置包括MCU、光耦继电器组、光耦继电器控制器、采样转换器；The utility model is achieved in this way, a circuit capable of sampling the voltage of any single battery in a series battery pack, the sampling device includes an MCU, an optocoupler relay group, an optocoupler relay controller, and a sampling converter;
所述光耦继电器组包括多个光耦继电器，每个光耦继电器中包括第一发光二极管、第一光电三极管、第二发光二极管、第二光电三极管；其中第一光电三极管的第一端连接目标单体电池正极，第二光电三极管的第一端连接电池负极；第一光电三极管的第二端连接采样转换器的输入端，第二光电三极管的第二端连接地；The optocoupler relay group includes a plurality of optocoupler relays, and each optocoupler relay includes a first light-emitting diode, a first phototransistor, a second light-emitting diode, and a second phototransistor; wherein the first end of the first phototransistor is connected to The positive pole of the target single battery, the first end of the second phototransistor is connected to the negative pole of the battery; the second end of the first phototransistor is connected to the input end of the sampling converter, and the second end of the second phototransistor is connected to the ground;
所述采样转换器的输出端与所述MCU连接；The output terminal of the sampling converter is connected with the MCU;
所述光耦继电器控制器具有多个控制信号输出端，每个控制信号输出端与相对应光耦继电器中的第一、第二发光二极管连接，用于通过控制各发光二极管的工作状态来控制相应光耦继电器的接通；所述光耦继电器控制器的控制信号输入端与所述MCU连接，根据所述MCU的控制信号控制相应的光耦继电器接通，实现对目标单体电池的电压采样。The optocoupler relay controller has a plurality of control signal output terminals, and each control signal output terminal is connected to the first and second light-emitting diodes in the corresponding optocoupler relay for controlling the working state of each light-emitting diode. The corresponding optocoupler relay is connected; the control signal input terminal of the optocoupler relay controller is connected to the MCU, and the corresponding optocoupler relay is controlled to be connected according to the control signal of the MCU, so as to realize the voltage of the target single battery sampling.
进一步地，所述第一光电三极管的第一端和第二端为常闭触点，所述第二光电三极管的第一端和第二端为常开触点。Further, the first end and the second end of the first phototransistor are normally closed contacts, and the first end and the second end of the second phototransistor are normally open contacts.
进一步地，所述采样转换器还包括一个电池采样线连接判断电路，用于判断电池采样线是否反接并将判断结果反馈给MCU。Further, the sampling converter further includes a battery sampling line connection judging circuit for judging whether the battery sampling line is connected in reverse and feeding back the judging result to the MCU.
进一步地，在所述光耦继电器组中，各光耦继电器中第一光电三极管的第二端之间相短接，第二光电三极管的第二端之间相短接。Further, in the optocoupler relay group, the second ends of the first phototransistors in each optocoupler relay are short-circuited, and the second ends of the second phototransistors are short-circuited.
进一步地，所述光耦继电器控制器为多通道模拟开关或译码器。Further, the optocoupler relay controller is a multi-channel analog switch or decoder.
进一步地，所述MCU的型号为STM32F103。Further, the model of the MCU is STM32F103.
进一步地，所述光耦继电器控制器的型号为CD4051BCM。Further, the model of the optocoupler relay controller is CD4051BCM.
进一步地，所述光耦继电器的型号为AQW214。Further, the model of the optocoupler relay is AQW214.
本实用新型与现有技术相比，有益效果在于：本实用新型提供的可对串联电池组中任意单体电池进行电压采样的电路，可以不局限于对相邻的电池逐节进行采样，而是可以随意抽出几节去采样，提高采样效率；并且在采样电路中电池正负极采样信号线反接时，仍能完成对电池电压的采样。该测量装置使用的元器件较少并且比较通用，市场上容易采购，也便于批量生产使用；该测量电路采用了光耦继电器，与传统继电器相比，不仅体积小，开关次数多很多，而且具备可靠性高、耐用等优点；另外，采样转换器精度高，匹配电阻较少。Compared with the prior art, the utility model has the beneficial effect that: the circuit provided by the utility model that can sample the voltage of any single battery in the battery pack in series can not be limited to sampling adjacent batteries one by one, but It is possible to extract a few sections to sample at will to improve the sampling efficiency; and when the positive and negative sampling signal lines of the battery are reversed in the sampling circuit, the battery voltage can still be sampled. The measuring device uses fewer components and is relatively common, and is easy to purchase in the market, and is also convenient for mass production and use; the measuring circuit uses an optocoupler relay. It has the advantages of high reliability and durability; in addition, the sampling converter has high precision and less matching resistance.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1是本实用新型实施例提供的可对串联电池组中任意单体电池进行电压采样的电路示意图；Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a circuit that can perform voltage sampling on any single battery in a series battery pack provided by an embodiment of the present invention;
图2是本实用新型实施例提供的多通道模拟开关电路图；Fig. 2 is the multi-channel analog switch circuit diagram that the utility model embodiment provides;
图3是本实用新型实施例提供的光耦继电器电路图；Fig. 3 is the circuit diagram of the optocoupler relay provided by the embodiment of the present invention;
图4是本实用新型实施例提供的绝对值电路示意图；Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of an absolute value circuit provided by an embodiment of the present invention;
图5是本实用新型实施例提供的MCU示意图。Fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of the MCU provided by the embodiment of the present invention.
具体实施方式Detailed ways
为了使本实用新型的目的、技术方案及优点更加清楚明白，以下结合附图及实施例，对本实用新型进行进一步详细说明。应当理解，此处所描述的具体实施例仅仅用以解释本实用新型，并不用于限定本实用新型。In order to make the purpose, technical solution and advantages of the utility model clearer, the utility model will be further described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described here are only used to explain the utility model, and are not intended to limit the utility model.
本实用新型提供的一种可对串联电池组中任意单体电池进行电压采样的电路，如图1所示。所述采样装置包括MCU 1、光耦继电器控制器2、光耦继电器组3、采样转换器4，其中光耦继电器控制器2可以为多通道模拟开关或138译码器，本实用新型实施例介绍的光耦继电器控制器2皆为多通道模拟开关，本实用新型实施例介绍的采样转换器皆为绝对值电路；其中MCU 1的型号为STM32F103，MCU 1内部自带AD采样电路，可以满足使用精度要求，所述多通道模拟开关的型号为CD4051,所述光耦继电器组3中的光耦继电器型号为AQW214；提供所述测量电路为串联电池组6中的任一单体电池电压进行采样。The utility model provides a circuit capable of sampling the voltage of any single battery in a series battery pack, as shown in FIG. 1 . The sampling device includes MCU 1, optocoupler relay controller 2, optocoupler relay group 3, sampling converter 4, wherein optocoupler relay controller 2 can be a multi-channel analog switch or 138 decoder, the utility model embodiment The optocoupler relay controllers 2 introduced are all multi-channel analog switches, and the sampling converters introduced in the embodiment of the utility model are all absolute value circuits; the model of MCU 1 is STM32F103, and MCU 1 has its own AD sampling circuit, which can satisfy Use accuracy requirements, the model of the multi-channel analog switch is CD4051, the model of the photocoupler relay in the photocoupler relay group 3 is AQW214; the measurement circuit is provided to measure the voltage of any single battery in the series battery group 6 sampling.
图3为图1中光耦继电器的具体电路图，图1中所述光耦继电器组3包括多个光耦继电器，每个光耦继电器如图3所示，每个光耦继电器中包括第一发光二极管、第一光电三极管、第二发光二极管、第二光电三极管；所述第一光电三极管的第一端和第二端为常闭触点，所述第二光电三极管的第一端和第二端为常开触点，其中第一光电三极管的第一端为第一常闭触点8，连接目标单体电池的正极，第二光电三极管的第一端为第一常开触点6，连接电池的负极，第一光电三极管的第二端为第二常闭触点7，连接采样转换器的输入端，第二光电三极管的第二端为第二常开触点5，连接采样电路的地，各个光耦继电器的第二常开触点之间相短接，第二常闭触点之间相短接，所述光耦继电器3用于导通串联电池组6内待测量的某节单体电池的电压；所述光耦继电器控制器2具有多个控制信号输出端，各控制信号输出端与各光耦继电器中的发光二极管一一对应连接，所述光耦继电器控制器2用于控制所述光耦继电器的导通，来选择待测量的某节单体电池；所述光耦继电器控制器2的控制信号输入端与所述MCU 1连接，根据所述MCU 1的控制信号控制相应的光耦继电器接通，实现对目标单体电池的电压采样；另外，如图3所示，光耦继电器的BATIN端通过采样转换器4连接所述MCU 1，所述采样转换器4用于在待测量的某节单体电池的正负极反接入电压测量电路时也能正确地检测出电池两端的电压信号，所述采样转换器4中还增加ADCIN-用于判断电池采样线是否反接并将判断结果反馈给MCU 1。Fig. 3 is the concrete circuit diagram of optocoupler relay in Fig. 1, and optocoupler relay group 3 described in Fig. Light-emitting diodes, first phototransistors, second light-emitting diodes, and second phototransistors; the first end and the second end of the first phototransistor are normally closed contacts, and the first end and the second phototransistor of the second phototransistor The two ends are normally open contacts, wherein the first end of the first phototransistor is the first normally closed contact 8, which is connected to the positive pole of the target single battery, and the first end of the second phototransistor is the first normally open contact 6 , connected to the negative pole of the battery, the second end of the first phototransistor is the second normally closed contact 7, connected to the input end of the sampling converter, the second end of the second phototransistor is the second normally open contact 5, connected to the sampling The ground of the circuit, the second normally open contacts of each optocoupler relay are short-circuited, and the second normally closed contacts are short-circuited, and the optocoupler relay 3 is used to conduct the to-be-measured The voltage of a certain single battery; the optocoupler relay controller 2 has a plurality of control signal output terminals, and each control signal output terminal is connected with the light-emitting diodes in each optocoupler relay one by one, and the optocoupler relay control The device 2 is used to control the conduction of the optocoupler relay to select a certain cell battery to be measured; the control signal input terminal of the optocoupler relay controller 2 is connected to the MCU 1, according to the MCU 1 The control signal of the control signal controls the corresponding optocoupler relay to be connected to realize the voltage sampling of the target single battery; in addition, as shown in Figure 3, the BATIN end of the optocoupler relay is connected to the MCU 1 through the sampling converter 4, and the sampling The converter 4 is used to correctly detect the voltage signal at both ends of the battery when the positive and negative poles of a single battery to be measured are reversely connected to the voltage measurement circuit. The sampling converter 4 also adds ADCIN- for Judging whether the battery sampling line is reversed and feeding back the judgment result to MCU 1.
下面举具体实施例进一步解释各电路模块：The following specific examples are given to further explain each circuit module:
实施例一：Embodiment one:
图2和图3为通道选择电路图，其中图2为多通道模拟开关电路图，图3为光耦继电器电路图。图2中的多通道模拟开关由MCU 1来控制，多通道模拟开关的3脚为公共端。在此电路中，为了安全性，将图4所示的光耦继电器设计为低电平控制导通，在CD4051的公共端3脚进行上拉，以防止无指令时光耦继电器误导通引发电池短路事故。Figure 2 and Figure 3 are circuit diagrams for channel selection, among which Figure 2 is a circuit diagram for a multi-channel analog switch, and Figure 3 is a circuit diagram for an optocoupler relay. The multi-channel analog switch in Figure 2 is controlled by MCU 1, and pin 3 of the multi-channel analog switch is a common terminal. In this circuit, for the sake of safety, the optocoupler relay shown in Figure 4 is designed to be turned on at a low level, and the common terminal 3 of CD4051 is pulled up to prevent the short circuit of the battery caused by misconduct of the optocoupler relay without instructions. ACCIDENT.
多通道模拟开关的X0-X7为输出端，连接到光耦继电器的输入控制脚(CTRL1、CTRL2、CTRL3……)，用于控制光耦继电器的导通，来选择单体电池。光耦继电器的输出端连接方式如图3所示，第一常闭触点8为BAT2+端，第二常闭触点7为输出端BATIN端，第一常开触点6为BAT2-端，第二常开触点5接地，各个光耦继电器的第二常开触点5之间相短接，第二常闭触点7之间相短接，BAT2+和BAT2-连接某一节电池的正负极，BAT1+和BAT1-连接另一节电池的正负极，其中“+”代表正极，“-”代表负极。在这里电池BAT2和BAT1可以不是相邻的，即BAT1+和BAT2-之间的电势差可以是2V，也可以是8V，也可以是80V；比如一个共200节电池的电池组中，可以对第1节、第10节、第80节、第100节......单体电池电压进行采样，不用逐个对1、2、3、4……进行采样。此电路设计利用了光耦继电器的开关特性和隔离特性(AQW214光耦继电器两侧可以隔离400V的电压，足够在串联电池组中对单体电压采样使用)，将电池侧和控制侧分开，避免了高压接入采样电路。不同光耦继电器之间的输出端共用BATIN和AG，即光耦继电器的7脚连接BATIN，5脚连接采样地AG，这样减少了很多元器件的使用，节省了成本的同时，也缩小了体积。最多每个CD4051有8个通道，每个AQW214有一个光耦继电器，可以根据他们的特性和需求对采样路数进行扩充，比如当需要对一个200节串联电池组系统进行电压采样，但只需要采样其中10路电池电压时，电路中则需要2个CD4051，10个AQW214。The X0-X7 of the multi-channel analog switch is the output terminal, which is connected to the input control pin (CTRL1, CTRL2, CTRL3...) of the optocoupler relay, and is used to control the conduction of the optocoupler relay to select the single battery. The connection mode of the output terminal of the optocoupler relay is shown in Figure 3. The first normally closed contact 8 is the BAT2+ terminal, the second normally closed contact 7 is the output terminal BATIN terminal, and the first normally open contact 6 is the BAT2- terminal. The second normally open contact 5 is grounded, the second normally open contacts 5 of each optocoupler relay are short-circuited, the second normally closed contacts 7 are short-circuited, and BAT2+ and BAT2- are connected to a battery The positive and negative poles, BAT1+ and BAT1- are connected to the positive and negative poles of another battery, where "+" represents the positive pole and "-" represents the negative pole. Here the batteries BAT2 and BAT1 may not be adjacent, that is, the potential difference between BAT1+ and BAT2- can be 2V, 8V, or 80V; for example, in a battery pack with a total of 200 batteries, the first Section, Section 10, Section 80, Section 100... The voltage of the single battery is sampled instead of sampling 1, 2, 3, 4... one by one. This circuit design utilizes the switching characteristics and isolation characteristics of the optocoupler relay (the two sides of the AQW214 optocoupler relay can isolate the voltage of 400V, which is enough for sampling the voltage of the single battery in the series battery pack), and separates the battery side from the control side to avoid The high voltage is connected to the sampling circuit. The output terminals of different optocoupler relays share BATIN and AG, that is, the 7 pins of the optocoupler relay are connected to BATIN, and the 5 pins are connected to the sampling ground AG, which reduces the use of many components, saves cost and reduces the size . Each CD4051 has a maximum of 8 channels, and each AQW214 has an optocoupler relay. The number of sampling channels can be expanded according to their characteristics and needs. For example, when it is necessary to perform voltage sampling on a 200-cell battery pack system, but only When sampling the voltage of 10 batteries, the circuit needs 2 CD4051 and 10 AQW214.
图4为绝对值电路示意图，图5为MCU示意图。在图3中，若BAT1+为正极，BAT1-为负极，则会得到BATIN为正值；若反接，发现BAT1+为负极，BAT1-为正极，则会得到BATIN为负值，MCU 1不可以采样负电压。利用绝对值电路4上的一个错接判断信号ADCIN-，用于是否反接的判断，错接判断信号ADCIN-输入给MCU，利用高低电平判断：0为正常，1为反接；若反接，MCU 1将光耦继电器的输出端的电压信号输入给绝对值电路4的输入端，即可在绝对值电路4的ADCIN端得到一个恒是正值的模拟信号，MCU 1即可进行AD采样和计算；另外，在图4中，需满足R52＝R53。Figure 4 is a schematic diagram of an absolute value circuit, and Figure 5 is a schematic diagram of an MCU. In Figure 3, if BAT1+ is positive and BAT1- is negative, BATIN will be positive; if reversed, BAT1+ is negative and BAT1- is positive, BATIN will be negative, and MCU 1 cannot sample negative voltage. Use a wrong connection judgment signal ADCIN- on the absolute value circuit 4 to judge whether to reverse the connection. Then, MCU 1 inputs the voltage signal from the output terminal of the optocoupler relay to the input terminal of the absolute value circuit 4, and then a constant positive analog signal can be obtained at the ADCIN terminal of the absolute value circuit 4, and MCU 1 can perform AD sampling and calculation; in addition, in Figure 4, it is necessary to satisfy R52=R53.
本实用新型提供的可对串联电池组中任意单体电池进行电压采样的电路，可以对一串电池组中的任一节或任几节单体电池进行采样；并且可以允许电池的采样信号线反接；另外该测量电路采用了光耦继电器，与传统继电器相比，有体积小，可靠性高，耐用等优点。The utility model provides a circuit that can sample the voltage of any single battery in a series battery pack, and can sample any or any single battery in a series of battery packs; and can allow the sampling signal line of the battery to Reverse connection; In addition, the measurement circuit uses an optocoupler relay, which has the advantages of small size, high reliability, and durability compared with traditional relays.
以上所述仅为本实用新型的较佳实施例而已，并不用以限制本实用新型，凡在本实用新型的精神和原则之内所作的任何修改、等同替换和改进等，均应包含在本实用新型的保护范围之内。The above descriptions are only preferred embodiments of the present utility model, and are not intended to limit the present utility model. Any modifications, equivalent replacements and improvements made within the spirit and principles of the present utility model shall be included in this utility model. within the scope of protection of utility models.
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