CN204575459U - A kind of flexural member Mechanics Performance Testing device - Google Patents
A kind of flexural member Mechanics Performance Testing device Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
一种受弯构件力学性能测试装置，它包括底座(1)，底座(1)上设有支座(2,2’)，受弯构件(3)两端分别放置在支座(2,2’)上，其特征在于：所述受弯构件(3)上装有球铰(4)，杠杆(5)搁置在球铰(4)上并以球铰(4)作为杠杆(5)支点，杠杆(5)位于受弯构件(3)外侧的一端连接吊篮(6)，吊篮(6)内装有配重(7)，杠杆(5)另一端连接传力件(8)，传力件(8)连接到可调式地锚梁(9)上，所述可调式地锚梁(9)用地锚(10)固定。该装置直接利用一次杠杆传递就能测量受弯构件力学性能，简化了加载过程，提高了测量精度，适用于受弯构件在长期荷载作用下的徐变挠度及截面变形的测量。
A device for testing the mechanical properties of a bending member, which includes a base (1), on which a support (2, 2') is arranged, and the two ends of a bending member (3) are respectively placed on the support (2, 2 '), characterized in that: the bending member (3) is equipped with a spherical hinge (4), the lever (5) rests on the spherical hinge (4) and uses the spherical hinge (4) as the fulcrum of the lever (5), One end of the lever (5) located outside the bending member (3) is connected to the hanging basket (6), and the hanging basket (6) is equipped with a counterweight (7), and the other end of the lever (5) is connected to the force transmission member (8), and the force transmission The piece (8) is connected to an adjustable ground anchor beam (9), and the adjustable ground anchor beam (9) is fixed with a ground anchor (10). The device can measure the mechanical properties of the flexural member directly by one lever transfer, which simplifies the loading process and improves the measurement accuracy, and is suitable for the measurement of the creep deflection and section deformation of the flexural member under long-term load.
Description
技术领域technical field
本实用新型属于土木工程建筑构件性能测试技术领域，具体讲就是涉及一种受弯构件力学性能测试装置，适用于受弯构件在长期荷载作用下的徐变挠度及截面变形的测量。The utility model belongs to the technical field of performance testing of civil engineering building components, in particular relates to a device for testing the mechanical properties of a flexural component, which is suitable for measuring the creep deflection and section deformation of the flexural component under long-term load.
背景技术Background technique
在建筑工程中，混凝土收缩徐变是混凝土结构中的基本问题之一，影响混凝土结构的长期性能。混凝土工程结构中受弯构件在长期荷载作用下的力学性能，如裂缝开展规律、长期刚度、挠度变化规律等，对其正常使用有极大影响。众多新型材料如自密实混凝土、纤维混凝土、粉煤灰混凝土等的推广使用，也应充分了解其长期性能，从而确保结构安全。In construction engineering, concrete shrinkage and creep is one of the basic problems in concrete structures, which affects the long-term performance of concrete structures. The mechanical properties of flexural members in concrete engineering structures under long-term loads, such as crack development, long-term stiffness, and deflection changes, have a great impact on their normal use. The promotion and use of many new materials such as self-compacting concrete, fiber concrete, fly ash concrete, etc. should also fully understand their long-term performance, so as to ensure structural safety.
建筑工程中，为了保证混凝土工程结构的安全性，需要对混凝土结构中的受弯构件的各种长期力学性能进行测试，目前的受弯构件的长期性能试验方式有堆载法、杠杆法、千斤顶加载法和螺杆法。堆载法荷载稳定，但受空间限制，需要大量重物，加载水平有限。千斤顶加载法和螺杆法依靠反力装置提供加载，采用力传感器控制荷载大小，缺点是随时间变化荷载水平会降低。杠杆法加载优点是荷载稳定，通过调节力臂长度可以方便控制荷载大小，实现较大的荷载等级。In construction engineering, in order to ensure the safety of concrete engineering structures, it is necessary to test various long-term mechanical properties of the flexural members in the concrete structure. The current long-term performance test methods of flexural members include the stacking method, the lever method, and the jack method. Loading method and screw method. The heap loading method has a stable load, but due to space constraints, a large number of heavy objects are required, and the loading level is limited. The jack loading method and the screw method rely on the reaction device to provide loading, and use a force sensor to control the load size. The disadvantage is that the load level will decrease with time. The advantage of the lever method is that the load is stable, and the load can be easily controlled by adjusting the length of the arm to achieve a larger load level.
中国专利201110100064.5公开了一种及基于二次杠杆作用的新型受弯构件持续加载试验装置，该装置包括斜撑，嵌固梁，螺杆，杠杆梁，杠杆梁，分配梁，砝码吊盘，钢板，百分表支架，斜撑，受弯试件，钢板，反力梁和静态数据采集系统，所述的杠杆梁一端悬挂砝码吊盘，另一端固定在钢板上，所述的杠杆梁设置在钢板和钢板之间，所述的受弯试件设置在反力梁上。该装置具有组装方便，适用性强，加载性能稳定，可方便地应用于受弯构件长期性能试验和荷载与环境共同作用下受弯构件耐久性试验等优点。但是该技术测试中通过二次杠杆力矩的传递，对装置安装精度要求较高；且多个受弯构件叠加安装，忽略了构件自重的影响，增加了测试结果失真的可能性；荷载值统一，不能同时研究不同加荷比例情况下的构件性能，测试效率较低。Chinese patent 201110100064.5 discloses a new type of continuous loading test device for bending members based on secondary leverage. The device includes braces, embedded beams, screw rods, lever beams, lever beams, distribution beams, weight suspension pans, steel plates , a dial indicator bracket, a diagonal brace, a bending test piece, a steel plate, a reaction beam and a static data acquisition system. One end of the lever beam hangs a weight suspension pan, and the other end is fixed on the steel plate. The lever beam is set Between the steel plate and the steel plate, the bending test piece is arranged on the reaction beam. The device has the advantages of convenient assembly, strong applicability, stable loading performance, and can be conveniently applied to long-term performance tests of flexural components and durability tests of flexural components under the joint action of load and environment. However, in this technical test, through the transmission of the secondary lever moment, the installation accuracy of the device is high; and multiple bending components are superimposed and installed, ignoring the influence of the component's own weight, which increases the possibility of distortion of the test results; the load value is uniform, The performance of components under different loading ratios cannot be studied at the same time, and the test efficiency is low.
实用新型内容Utility model content
本实用新型的目的就是针对现有的受弯构件力学性能的测试装置安装要求高、杠杆比例调节不便、测试精度不高等技术缺陷，提供一种弯构件力学性能测试装置及其使用方法，适用于受弯构件在长期荷载作用下的徐变挠度及截面变形的测量。The purpose of this utility model is to provide a bending member mechanical performance testing device and its use method for the existing technical defects such as high installation requirements, inconvenient lever ratio adjustment, and low test accuracy of the existing bending member mechanical performance testing device, which is suitable for Measurement of creep deflection and section deformation of flexural members under long-term loading.
技术方案Technical solutions
为了实现上述技术目的，本实用新型设计的一种受弯构件力学性能测试装置，它包括底座，底座上设有支座，受弯构件两端分别放置在支座上，其特征在于：所述受弯构件上装有球铰，杠杆搁置在球铰上并以球铰作为杠杆支点，杠杆位于受弯构件外侧的一端连接吊篮，吊篮内装有配重，杠杆另一端连接传力件，传力件连接到可调式地锚梁上，所述可调式地锚梁用地锚固定。In order to achieve the above-mentioned technical purpose, a device for testing the mechanical properties of a bending member designed by the utility model includes a base on which a support is arranged, and the two ends of the bending member are respectively placed on the support, and the characteristics are as follows: A spherical hinge is installed on the bending member, and the lever rests on the spherical hinge and uses the spherical hinge as the fulcrum of the lever. One end of the lever on the outside of the bending member is connected to the hanging basket, and the hanging basket is equipped with a counterweight. The other end of the lever is connected to the force transmission member. The force member is connected to an adjustable ground anchor beam, which is secured with ground anchors.
进一步，所述杠杆为T字形，头部左右两端设有杠杆传力件连接孔，尾部设有吊篮连接孔。Furthermore, the lever is T-shaped, the left and right ends of the head are provided with connection holes for the force transmission parts of the lever, and the tail is provided with connection holes for the hanging basket.
进一步，所述传力件包括杠杆传力件，中间传力件和地锚传力件，杠杆传力件，中间传力件和地锚传力件依次向下竖直铰接连接，杠杆传力件装在杠杆传力件连接孔上，地锚传力件连接到可调式地锚梁的可移动垫板上，可移动垫板在可调式地锚梁上水平位置可调。Further, the force transmission part includes a lever force transmission part, an intermediate force transmission part and a ground anchor force transmission part. The piece is installed on the connection hole of the lever power transmission part, and the ground anchor force transmission part is connected to the movable backing plate of the adjustable ground anchor beam, and the horizontal position of the movable backing plate is adjustable on the adjustable ground anchor beam.
进一步，所述可调式地锚梁包括固定垫板，可移动垫板和钢梁，所述钢梁用槽钢和固定垫板焊接制作，地锚穿过固定垫板固定可调式地锚梁在地上。Further, the adjustable ground anchor beam includes a fixed backing plate, a movable backing plate and a steel beam, the steel beam is welded with channel steel and the fixed backing plate, and the ground anchor passes through the fixed backing plate to fix the adjustable ground anchor beam on the on the ground.
进一步，所述受弯构件构件中心左右两侧对称设置有球铰，位于杠杆头部左右两端对称布置有可调式地锚梁。Further, spherical hinges are symmetrically arranged on the left and right sides of the center of the bending member, and adjustable ground anchor beams are symmetrically arranged on the left and right ends of the lever head.
上述受弯构件力学性能测试装置的使用方法，其特征在于，它包括以下几个步骤：The method for using the above-mentioned bending member mechanical performance testing device is characterized in that it includes the following steps:
(1)按照受弯构件实际长度，调整底座和支座的位置，然后将受弯构件放置在支座上，将球铰放置在受弯构件的上表面；(1) Adjust the positions of the base and the support according to the actual length of the bending member, then place the bending member on the support, and place the spherical hinge on the upper surface of the bending member;
(2)在受弯构件上安装应变测头和位移计，记录其初始读数；(2) Install strain gauges and displacement gauges on the flexural members, and record their initial readings;
(3)根据长期力学性能测试要求的长期荷载值以及配重数量，设定杠杆配重端作用长度和杠杆锚固端作用长度，并将杠杆放置在球铰上；(3) According to the long-term load value and the number of counterweights required by the long-term mechanical performance test, set the action length of the lever counterweight end and the action length of the lever anchorage end, and place the lever on the spherical hinge;
(4)根据杠杆锚固端作用长度调整可移动垫板在钢梁上的位置，并连接杠杆传力件、中间传力件和地锚传力件，使三者在一条竖直垂线上；(4) Adjust the position of the movable backing plate on the steel beam according to the working length of the anchorage end of the lever, and connect the lever force transmission part, the intermediate force transmission part and the ground anchor force transmission part, so that the three are on a vertical line;
(5)在杠杆的吊篮接孔处安装吊篮，完成加载前准备；(5) Install the hanging basket at the connecting hole of the hanging basket of the lever, and complete the preparation before loading;
(6)根据测试要求的荷载分级制度，在吊篮上分级施加配重，直至达到指定荷载要求，加载过程中记录应变测头、位移计的读数；(6) According to the load classification system required by the test, the counterweight is applied in stages on the hanging basket until the specified load requirements are reached, and the readings of the strain gauge and displacement gauge are recorded during the loading process;
(7)根据测试要求定期记录应变测头、位移计的读数，并进行受弯构件在长期荷载作用下的受力性能分析。(7) According to the test requirements, regularly record the readings of the strain gauge and displacement gauge, and analyze the mechanical performance of the flexural member under long-term load.
进一步，所述步骤中，在受弯构件的侧面弹网格线用于裂缝观测。Further, in the above steps, spring grid lines on the side of the flexural member for crack observation.
有益效果Beneficial effect
本实用新型提供的受弯构件力学性能测试装置的使用方法，直接利用一次杠杆传递就能测量受弯构件力学性能，简化了加载过程，提高了测量精度，装置组装方便，通用性好，适用于受弯构件在长期荷载作用下的徐变挠度及截面变形的测量。The method for using the mechanical performance testing device of the bending member provided by the utility model can directly measure the mechanical performance of the bending member by using a lever transfer, simplifies the loading process, improves the measurement accuracy, is convenient for assembly, and has good versatility. Measurement of creep deflection and section deformation of flexural members under long-term loading.
附图说明Description of drawings
附图1是本实用新型的结构示意图。Accompanying drawing 1 is the structural representation of the utility model.
附图2是本实用新型的俯视图。Accompanying drawing 2 is the top view of the utility model.
附图3是本实用新型中杠杆结构图。Accompanying drawing 3 is lever structure figure among the utility model.
附图4是本实用新型中可调式地锚梁结构示意图。Accompanying drawing 4 is the structure diagram of adjustable ground anchor beam in the utility model.
附图5是本实用新型中地锚安装结构示意图。Accompanying drawing 5 is the schematic diagram of installation structure of ground anchor in the utility model.
附图6是本实用新型中可动垫板安装结构示意图。Accompanying drawing 6 is a schematic diagram of the installation structure of the movable backing plate in the utility model.
附图7是本实用新型中杠杆受力示意图。Accompanying drawing 7 is the schematic diagram of lever force in the utility model.
附图8是本实用新型中受弯构件受力示意图。Accompanying drawing 8 is the schematic diagram of the stress of the bending member in the utility model.
附图9是本实用新型中受弯构件顶面长期变形测点布置示意图。Accompanying drawing 9 is a schematic diagram of the arrangement of long-term deformation measuring points on the top surface of the bending member in the utility model.
附图10是本实用新型中受弯构件侧面长期变形测点布置示意图。Accompanying drawing 10 is a schematic diagram of the arrangement of long-term deformation measuring points on the side of the bending member in the utility model.
其中，in,
L1-受弯构件纯弯段长度；L 1 - length of pure bending section of flexural member;
L2-受弯构件加载点到支座的长度；L 2 - the length from the loading point of the flexural member to the support;
l1-杠杆配重端作用长度；l 1 - the working length of the counterweight end of the lever;
l2-杠杆锚固端作用长度；l 2 - the effective length of the anchorage end of the lever;
F-受弯构件加载点作用力；F - force at the loading point of the flexural member;
F1-杠杆配重端产生的力；F 1 - the force generated by the weight end of the lever;
F2-杠杆锚固端产生的力；F 2 - the force generated by the anchorage end of the lever;
h-受弯构件高度；h - the height of the flexural member;
b-受弯构件宽度；b-bending member width;
Δ1～Δ12-受弯构件截面变形；Δ 1 ～Δ 12 - section deformation of bending member;
f1～f3-受弯构件纯弯段挠度。f 1 ～f 3 - deflection of pure bending section of flexural member.
具体实施方式Detailed ways
下面结合附图和实施例，对本实用新型做进一步说明。Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing and embodiment, the utility model is described further.
实施例Example
如附图1～6所示，一种受弯构件力学性能测试装置，它包括底座1，底座1上设有支座2,2’，受弯构件3两端分别放置在支座2,2’上，其特征在于：所述受弯构件3上装有球铰4，杠杆5搁置在球铰4上并以球铰4作为杠杆5支点，杠杆5位于受弯构件3外侧的一端连接吊篮6，吊篮6内装有配重7，杠杆5另一端连接传力件8，传力件8连接到可调式地锚梁9上，所述可调式地锚梁9用地锚10固定。As shown in the accompanying drawings 1 to 6, a device for testing the mechanical properties of a bending member includes a base 1, on which a support 2, 2' is provided, and the two ends of the bending member 3 are respectively placed on the support 2, 2 ', characterized in that: the bending member 3 is equipped with a ball joint 4, the lever 5 rests on the ball joint 4 and uses the ball joint 4 as the fulcrum of the lever 5, and the end of the lever 5 located outside the bending member 3 is connected to the hanging basket 6. The hanging basket 6 is equipped with a counterweight 7, the other end of the lever 5 is connected to a force transmission member 8, and the force transmission member 8 is connected to an adjustable ground anchor beam 9, and the adjustable ground anchor beam 9 is fixed with a ground anchor 10.
所述杠杆5为T字形，头部前后两端设有杠杆传力件连接孔501，尾部设有吊篮连接孔502。The lever 5 is T-shaped, and the front and rear ends of the head are provided with connecting holes 501 of the force transmission member of the lever, and the tail is provided with the connecting holes 502 of the hanging basket.
所述传力件8包括杠杆传力件801，中间传力件802和地锚传力件803，杠杆传力件801，中间传力件802和地锚传力件803依次向下竖直铰接连接，杠杆传力件801装在杠杆传力件连接孔501上，地锚传力件803连接到可调式地锚梁9的可移动垫板901上，可移动垫板901在可调式地锚梁9上水平位置可调。The force transmission part 8 includes a lever force transmission part 801, an intermediate force transmission part 802 and a ground anchor force transmission part 803, and the lever force transmission part 801, the intermediate force transmission part 802 and the ground anchor force transmission part 803 are hinged vertically downward in turn connection, the lever power transmission part 801 is mounted on the connecting hole 501 of the lever force transmission part, and the ground anchor force transmission part 803 is connected to the movable backing plate 901 of the adjustable ground anchor beam 9, and the movable backing plate 901 is placed on the adjustable ground anchor The horizontal position on the beam 9 is adjustable.
所述可调式地锚梁9包括固定垫板902，可移动垫板901和钢梁903，所述钢梁903用槽钢903a和固定垫板902焊接制作，地锚10穿过固定垫板902固定可调式地锚梁9在地上。The adjustable ground anchor beam 9 includes a fixed backing plate 902, a movable backing plate 901 and a steel beam 903, the steel beam 903 is welded with a channel steel 903a and a fixed backing plate 902, and the ground anchor 10 passes through the fixed backing plate 902 Fix the adjustable ground anchor beam 9 on the ground.
所述受弯构件3构件中心左右两侧对称设置有球铰4,4’，位于杠杆5头部前后两端对称布置有可调式地锚梁9,9’。Spherical joints 4, 4' are symmetrically arranged on the left and right sides of the member center of the bending member 3, and adjustable ground anchor beams 9, 9' are arranged symmetrically at the front and rear ends of the head of the lever 5.
如附图7～10所示，上述受弯构件力学性能测试装置的使用方法，它包括以下几个步骤：As shown in accompanying drawing 7～10, the using method of above-mentioned bending member mechanical property testing device, it comprises the following several steps:
第一步，制作受弯构件3，按照受弯构件3的实际长度，调整底座1的位置；在底座1上定位好支座2,2’的位置，将受弯构件3放置在支座3上就位；将球铰5放置在受弯构件1的加载点位置。The first step is to make the bending member 3, adjust the position of the base 1 according to the actual length of the bending member 3; locate the position of the support 2, 2' on the base 1, and place the bending member 3 on the support 3 Place the ball hinge 5 at the loading point of the bending member 1.
第二步，在受弯构件1上安装应变测头11、位移计12，在受弯构件3的侧面弹网格线便于裂缝观测，记录受弯构件截面变形Δ1～Δ12，及纯弯段挠度f1～f3的初始读数，应变测头11、位移计12可以采用电子应变计或位移计进行数据自动采集。The second step is to install the strain gauge 11 and the displacement gauge 12 on the flexural member 1, spring the grid line on the side of the flexural member 3 to facilitate crack observation, record the section deformation of the flexural member Δ 1 ~ Δ 12 , and the pure bending For the initial readings of segmental deflection f 1 -f 3 , the strain measuring head 11 and the displacement gauge 12 can use electronic strain gauges or displacement gauges for automatic data collection.
第三步，根据长期性能测试所要求的长期荷载值F以及配重F1，确定杠杆对配重的放大比例(l1/l2+1)；进一步确定杠杆配重端作用长度l1和杠杆锚固端作用长度l2，并将杠杆5放置在球铰4上。The third step is to determine the magnification ratio of the lever to the counterweight (l 1 /l 2 +1) according to the long-term load value F required by the long-term performance test and the counterweight F 1 ; further determine the action length l 1 and the counterweight end of the lever The anchoring end of the lever has a working length l 2 , and the lever 5 is placed on the spherical hinge 4 .
第四步，根据杠杆5锚固端作用长度l2调整可移动垫板901在903上的位置，并连接杠杆传力件801、中间传力件802、地锚传力件803，保证三者在一条垂线上。The fourth step is to adjust the position of the movable backing plate 901 on 903 according to the working length l of the anchoring end of the lever 5, and connect the lever force transmission part 801, the intermediate force transmission part 802, and the ground anchor force transmission part 803 to ensure that the three are in the same position. on a vertical line.
第五步，在吊篮接孔502处安装吊篮6，完成加载前准备。The fifth step is to install the hanging basket 6 at the connecting hole 502 of the hanging basket, and complete the preparation before loading.
第六步，根据测试要求的荷载分级制度，在吊篮6上分级施加配重7，直至达到指定荷载F1；加载过程中读取受弯构件截面变形Δ1～Δ12，及纯弯段挠度f1～f3。In the sixth step, according to the load classification system required by the test, the counterweight 7 is applied step by step on the hanging basket 6 until the specified load F 1 is reached; during the loading process, the section deformation Δ 1 to Δ 12 of the flexural member and the pure bending section are read Deflection f 1 ~ f 3 .
第七步，根据测试要求定期读取受弯构件3的截面变形Δ1～Δ12，及纯弯段挠度f1～f3，进行受弯构件在长期荷载作用下的受力性能分析。The seventh step is to regularly read the section deformation Δ 1 ~ Δ 12 of the flexural member 3 and the deflection f 1 ~ f 3 of the pure bending section according to the test requirements, and analyze the mechanical performance of the flexural member under long-term load.
本实用新型使较小的配重F1产生较大且稳定的长期荷载F，获取受弯构件长期性能，通过改变杠杆的长度以及可移式垫板在钢梁上的位置，可以调整杠杆的力臂大小；通过增减吊篮上施加的配重，可以实现可变荷载长期作用的模拟；通过在受弯构件上安装位移计并定期读数，获取梁跨中长期挠度变化；通过测量的间距变化，进而获取跨中截面的应变变化。The utility model makes the smaller counterweight F1 produce a larger and stable long-term load F, and obtains the long-term performance of the bending member. By changing the length of the lever and the position of the movable backing plate on the steel beam, the lever can be adjusted. The size of the moment arm; the simulation of the long-term action of the variable load can be realized by increasing or decreasing the counterweight on the hanging basket; by installing a displacement meter on the flexural member and taking regular readings, the mid- and long-term deflection changes of the beam span can be obtained; through the measured distance Change, and then obtain the strain change of the mid-span section.
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Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN104749047A (en) * | 2015-04-15 | 2015-07-01 | 上海市建筑科学研究院(集团)有限公司 | Bent member mechanical property testing device and application method thereof |
| CN108803008A (en) * | 2017-10-31 | 2018-11-13 | 成都理想境界科技有限公司 | A kind of displacement amplifying mechanism, fibre-optic scanner and projecting apparatus |
| CN109706981A (en) * | 2018-12-29 | 2019-05-03 | 中铁二院工程集团有限责任公司 | The shake table model system of high gradient slope pier footing stress deformation characteristic |
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Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN104749047A (en) * | 2015-04-15 | 2015-07-01 | 上海市建筑科学研究院(集团)有限公司 | Bent member mechanical property testing device and application method thereof |
| CN108803008A (en) * | 2017-10-31 | 2018-11-13 | 成都理想境界科技有限公司 | A kind of displacement amplifying mechanism, fibre-optic scanner and projecting apparatus |
| CN109706981A (en) * | 2018-12-29 | 2019-05-03 | 中铁二院工程集团有限责任公司 | The shake table model system of high gradient slope pier footing stress deformation characteristic |
| CN109706981B (en) * | 2018-12-29 | 2023-09-22 | 中铁二院工程集团有限责任公司 | Vibrating table model test system for high-steep slope pier foundation stress deformation characteristics |
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