CN204573046U - Electric vehicle, speed reducer and lubricating structure thereof - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model discloses an electric vehicle, a reduction box and a lubricating structure thereof. The lubricating structure is provided with a longitudinal installation hole in the middle of the installation basin on the top of the box body. The longitudinal installation hole penetrates to the inside of the box body from top to bottom. Shaped bearing A, tapered bearing B and bearing frame are installed in the longitudinal mounting hole, and the upper end of the input shaft is used to connect the drive motor, wherein, the bearing frame is fixed in the longitudinal mounting hole, and the input shaft passes through the tapered bearing A arranged up and down. and the tapered bearing B are installed in the shaft hole of the bearing frame, and the oil seal is installed between the input shaft and the inner flange to seal the oil between the tapered bearing A and the tapered bearing B; the side wall of the longitudinal mounting hole is opened There is a first passage, and the first passage horizontally communicates with the interior of the box body and the longitudinal installation hole, and an oil cup connected with the first passage is fixed in the box. In this scheme, the lubricating oil is thrown into the oil cup during the rotation of the large gear, and the lubricating oil collected by the oil cup flows into the shaft hole of the bearing frame to lubricate the tapered bearing A.

Description

Electric vehicle, gearbox and its lubricating structure

technical field

The utility model relates to an electric vehicle, a reduction box and a lubricating structure thereof.

Background technique

Electric vehicles are widely used due to their low noise, no exhaust, simple maintenance, easy operation, and superior traction performance. However, electric vehicles require a lot of power to provide energy. very critical. The driving system of an electric vehicle includes axles, wheels, frame and suspension. The driving motor transmits power to the wheels through the reduction box and the driving axle. In the prior art, the driving motor is generally arranged horizontally (that is, the motor shaft is horizontal). , such as the structures disclosed in patent documents such as CN102518780A, CN202944154U, CN202753777U, CN202753775U, etc., the motor shaft is parallel to the axle shaft, so that the transmission structure of the reduction box is relatively simple and convenient for assembly and debugging.

The patent document whose publication number is CN201472155U discloses an independent suspension type electric vehicle rear axle reduction box, including a box body, a left mounting bracket and a right mounting bracket are respectively provided on both sides of the box body, and a motor is provided at the front of the box body. The connection plate, the output shaft is set on the left mounting bracket, the output shaft is set on the right mounting bracket, and the three-stage driven gear is set on the left output shaft; the differential is set on the right output shaft, and the left The side gear, the right side gear and a pin shaft, the inner ends of the left output shaft and the right output shaft are connected with the center of the pin shaft, and two planetary gears are arranged on the pin shaft; the input shaft is arranged on the motor connection plate, The input shaft is provided with a first-stage driving gear, a second-stage driven gear and a third-stage driving gear, and a spline transmission shaft is arranged in the box, and the shaft is provided with a first-stage driven gear and a second-stage driving gear. The primary driven gear meshes, the secondary driving gear meshes with the secondary driven gear, and the tertiary driving gear meshes with the tertiary driven gear. In the above structure, although the differential part and the reducer part are respectively located in the two box spaces, the lubricating oil in the two box spaces can communicate with each other, and the structure still adopts the horizontal setting of the driving motor . Moreover, this structure is also inconvenient for clearance adjustment of the bevel gear transmission pair.

The arrangement structure of the above-mentioned horizontal drive motor will occupy a large plane space at the bottom of the vehicle, which seriously affects the effective use of the limited space on electric vehicles, especially some small engineering vehicles.

Contents of the invention

In order to solve the above technical problems, one of the purposes of this utility model is to provide a lubricating structure of the reduction box, which is simple and reasonable, and can deliver lubricating oil to the bearing on the upper part of the reduction box for lubrication during the working process, and is suitable for driving the motor vertically. format settings.

Another object of the present utility model is to provide an electric vehicle and a reduction box, which adopt the above lubricating structure.

In order to achieve the above-mentioned purpose, the utility model adopts the following technical solutions:

A lubricating structure for a reduction box, comprising a box body, the top of the box body is provided with an installation basin for installing a drive motor, and the bottom of the installation basin is provided with a longitudinal installation hole in the middle, and the longitudinal installation hole penetrates from top to bottom to the inside of the box body , an input shaft is installed in the longitudinal installation hole through the tapered bearing A, the tapered bearing B and the bearing frame, the upper end of the input shaft is used to connect the output shaft of the driving motor, and the lower end of the input shaft is connected with the differential gear assembly; Wherein, the bearing frame is fixed in the longitudinal installation hole, and the input shaft is installed in the shaft hole of the bearing frame through the tapered bearing A and the tapered bearing B arranged up and down oppositely, and the nut, tapered bearing A, Oil seal and tapered bearing B, the shaft hole of the bearing frame is provided with an inner flange, the outer ring of the tapered bearing A and the outer ring of the tapered bearing B respectively clamp the inner flange from top to bottom, the nut is screwed to the input shaft, The nut and the lower end of the input shaft clamp the inner ring of the tapered bearing A and the inner ring of the tapered bearing B respectively from top to bottom. oil seal between them; the side wall of the longitudinal mounting hole is provided with a first channel, the first channel is horizontally connected to the interior of the box and the longitudinal mounting hole, and the side wall of the bearing frame is provided with a channel corresponding to the first channel. A corresponding opening, and the opening is not lower than the outer ring of the tapered bearing A, and an oil cup communicating with the first passage is fixed inside the box. A differential assembly is installed in the box, so that the large gear of the differential assembly throws lubricating oil into the oil cup during rotation, and the lubricating oil collected by the oil cup enters the bearing frame through the first channel and the opening. Lubricate the tapered bearing A in the shaft hole.

Preferably, the height of the oil cup is not higher than the height of the upper edge of the large gear in the differential assembly.

Preferably, the bottom of the oil cup is higher than the bottom of the first channel, the bottom of the first channel is higher than the bottom of the opening, and the bottom of the opening is higher than the top of the outer ring of the tapered bearing A.

As a preference, a second passage is opened at the bottom of the installation basin, the second passage penetrates from top to bottom to the deceleration space, and a pipe joint is installed on the side wall of the installation basin, so that the inner space of the box body passes through the first passage, the second passage, the installation Basin cavity, pipe joint exhaust.

Preferably, the bearing frame includes a cylinder, the top of the cylinder is provided with an outer flange, the lower part of the shaft hole of the cylinder is provided with an inner flange, the side wall of the cylinder is opened, and the cylinder of the bearing frame is inserted When installed longitudinally in the hole, the outer flange rests on the bottom of the pot and is secured by fasteners.

Preferably, the inner space of the box body is divided into a differential space and a deceleration space, the front of the differential space is connected with the deceleration space, the back of the differential space is closed by a rear end cover, and the front of the deceleration space is closed by a front end cover, so The box body is provided with corresponding first transverse installation holes on the left and right side walls of the deceleration space, and the box body is respectively provided with corresponding second transverse installation holes on the left and right side walls of the differential space. ;The lower end of the input shaft is provided with an active bevel gear, which extends into the deceleration space and engages with the driven bevel gear for transmission. and the bearing seat are installed in the box, and the gear shaft is provided with a gear part, which is meshed with the large gear on the differential assembly for transmission. The driven bevel gear and the gear shaft are located in the deceleration space, and the differential assembly is located in the In the differential space, the tapered bearing B is lubricated by the lubricating oil thrown up by the driven bevel gear during the rotation process.

Preferably, the active bevel gear portion at the lower end of the input shaft is higher than the axis of the output half shaft of the differential assembly, and the axis of the output half shaft of the differential assembly is higher than the axis of the pinion shaft.

Preferably, the lubricating oil liquid level in the case is near the output half shaft of the differential gear assembly, and the liquid level is not lower than the pinion shaft and does not submerge the lower end of the input shaft.

A reduction box includes the above-mentioned box body.

An electric vehicle includes the above-mentioned reduction box.

Because the utility model adopts the above technical scheme, the structure is simple and reasonable. The oil cup collects the lubricating oil thrown up by the gear in the reduction box during the rotation process, and the lubricating oil collected by the oil cup enters the bearing frame through the first channel and the opening. Lubricate the upper tapered bearing A in the shaft hole, and prevent the collected lubricating oil from flowing back into the box too quickly through the oil seal, so that the lubricating oil can be delivered to the upper bearing of the reduction box for lubrication during the working process, so that The vertical setting of the driving motor is realized.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is the outline drawing of the utility model reduction box;

Fig. 2 is the structural representation of the utility model gear box;

Fig. 3 is the A-A sectional view (band motor) of Fig. 1;

Fig. 4 is the B-B sectional view of Fig. 1;

Fig. 5 is the top view of Fig. 1;

Fig. 6 is a structural schematic diagram of the utility model differential gear assembly;

Fig. 7a is a schematic structural diagram of a planetary gear in the prior art;

Fig. 7b is a structural schematic diagram of the planetary gear of the present invention;

Fig. 8a is a schematic structural diagram of a side gear in the prior art;

Figure 8b is a schematic structural view of the utility model side gear;

Fig. 9 is a schematic structural view of the utility model reduction box and drive axle;

Fig. 10 is a perspective view of the reduction box of the present utility model;

Fig. 11 is one of the three-dimensional views of the reduction box body of the utility model;

Fig. 12 is the second perspective view of the reduction box body of the utility model;

Fig. 13 is a three-dimensional sectional view of the reduction box body of the utility model;

Fig. 14 is a three-dimensional sectional view of the bearing frame of the present invention.

Detailed ways

Embodiments of the present invention are described in detail below, examples of which are shown in the drawings, wherein the same or similar reference numerals represent the same or similar elements or elements having the same or similar functions throughout. The embodiments described below by referring to the figures are exemplary and are intended to explain the present invention, but should not be construed as limiting the present invention.

In the description of the utility model, in order to describe the utility model and simplify the description, define "front", "rear", "upper" and "lower" as shown in Figure 1, wherein, "front" is as shown in Figure 1 The right side of the product, "rear" refers to the left side of the product shown in Figure 1, "upper" refers to the upper side of the product shown in Figure 1, and "lower" refers to the lower side of the product shown in Figure 1, with the vertical paper facing outward and inward Divided into "left" and "right", the "up" and "down" defined here are consistent with the up and down orientation of the electric vehicle. Other terms such as "center", "longitudinal", "transverse", "length", "width", "thickness", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "clockwise ", "counterclockwise" and other indicated orientations or positional relationships are based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the drawings, which are only for the convenience of describing the utility model and simplifying the description, rather than indicating or implying that the device or element referred to must have Certain orientations, constructed and operative in certain orientations, therefore are not to be construed as limitations on the invention.

In addition, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only, and cannot be interpreted as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the quantity of indicated technical features. Thus, a feature defined as "first" and "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of these features. In the description of the present utility model, unless otherwise specified, "plurality" means two or more, unless otherwise clearly defined.

In this utility model, unless otherwise specified and limited, terms such as "installation", "connection", "connection" and "fixation" should be understood in a broad sense, for example, it can be a fixed connection or a detachable connection. Connected, or integrally connected; it can be mechanically connected or electrically connected; it can be directly connected or indirectly connected through an intermediary, and it can be the internal communication of two components. Those of ordinary skill in the art can understand the specific meanings of the above terms in the present utility model according to specific situations.

In the present invention, unless otherwise clearly specified and limited, a first feature being "on" or "below" a second feature may include direct contact between the first and second features, and may also include the first and second features being in direct contact with each other. The features are not in direct contact but through another feature between them. Moreover, "above", "above" and "above" the first feature on the second feature include that the first feature is directly above and obliquely above the second feature, or simply means that the first feature is horizontally higher than the second feature. "Below", "beneath" and "under" the first feature to the second feature include that the first feature is directly below and obliquely below the second feature, or simply means that the first feature has a lower level than the second feature.

A reduction box as shown in Figures 1 to 5, includes a box body 2, and a front end cover 4 and a rear end cover 3 fixed on the box body 2, and a driven bevel gear 13, a gear Shaft 17 and differential gear assembly 14, an input shaft 8 is installed on the upper part of the box body 2 through the tapered bearing A10, the tapered bearing B12 and the bearing frame 6, the upper end of the input shaft 8 is used to connect the output shaft of the drive motor 18, and the input The lower end of the shaft 8 is provided with an active bevel gear 82, the active bevel gear 82 meshes with the driven bevel gear 13 for transmission, the driven bevel gear 13 is sleeved and fixed on the pinion shaft 17, and the two ends of the pinion shaft 17 pass through the tapered bearings respectively C16 and the bearing seat 15 are installed in the box body 2, and a gear part 171 is provided on the pinion shaft 17, and the gear part 171 is meshed with the large gear 142 on the differential assembly 14 for transmission; wherein, the axial direction of the input shaft 8 and The axial direction of the gear shaft 17 is vertical, the axial direction of the gear shaft 17 is parallel to the axial direction of the output half shaft of the differential assembly 14 , and the input shaft 8 is located above the gear shaft 17 . In this way, the drive motor is arranged vertically, and the input shaft 8 and the output shaft of the drive axle are arranged in a T shape, which greatly reduces the volume and plane space occupied by the reduction box and the drive motor, and contributes to the rational utilization of the space of the electric vehicle.

In this embodiment, the input shaft 8 is arranged vertically up and down, and the pinion shaft 17 and the output half shaft of the differential gear assembly 14 are arranged horizontally left and right.

As shown in Figure 11, Figure 12 and Figure 13, the inner space of the box body 2 is divided into a differential space 201 and a deceleration space 202, the front of the differential space 201 is connected with the deceleration space 202, and the rear of the differential space 201 For the rear opening that can pass through the differential gear assembly, the rear opening is closed by the rear end cover 3, and the front of the deceleration space 202 is a front opening that can pass through the driven bevel gear 13 and the pinion shaft 17, and the front opening is formed by The front end cover 4 is closed, and the top of the box body 2 is provided with an installation basin 203 for installing the driving motor 18. A longitudinal installation hole 208 is provided in the middle of the bottom of the installation basin 203. The longitudinal installation hole 208 is located above the deceleration space 202 and penetrates to the deceleration space 202. A first channel 209 is opened on the side wall of the longitudinal mounting hole 208, and the first channel 209 communicates with the differential space 201 and the longitudinal mounting hole 208. Corresponding to the first transverse installation holes 207 , the case body 2 is respectively provided with corresponding second transverse installation holes 205 on the left and right side walls of the differential space 201 . When assembling, the input shaft 8 is first installed in the bearing frame 6, and then the bearing frame 6 is inserted into the longitudinal mounting hole 208 from top to bottom and fixed, and the active bevel gear portion 82 at the lower end of the input shaft 8 extends into the deceleration space 202; The gear 13 is first fixed on the gear shaft 17, and then the gear shaft 17 is put into the deceleration space 202 from the front opening, and the bearing seats 15 are respectively installed in the left and right first horizontal mounting holes 207, and the two ends of the gear shaft 17 are fitted with tapered bearings C And be installed on the bearing seat 15, adjust the meshing gap between the driving bevel gear 82 and the driven bevel gear 13 by rotating the bearing seat 15; the differential assembly 14 is put into the differential space 201 from the rear opening. This structure is reasonable, easy to assemble and debug.

The lubrication structure of the above-mentioned reduction box is shown in Fig. 2, Fig. 3 and Fig. 14. The bearing frame 6 is fixed in the longitudinal installation hole 208, and the input shaft 8 is installed through the tapered bearing A10 and the tapered bearing B12 arranged up and down oppositely. In the shaft hole 603 of the bearing frame 6, the upper end of the input shaft 8 is provided with a spline 81 and is connected with the output shaft of the driving motor 18 through the spline sleeve 7. A nut 9, a tapered bearing A10, an oil seal 11 and a tapered bearing B12 are set on the top, an inner flange 604 is provided in the shaft hole 603 of the bearing frame 6, and the outer ring of the tapered bearing A10 and the outer ring of the tapered bearing B12 are respectively Clamp the inner flange 604 from top to bottom, the nut 9 is threadedly connected with the input shaft 8, the nut 9 and the active bevel gear part 82 respectively clamp the inner ring of the tapered bearing A10 and the inner ring of the tapered bearing B12 from the top and bottom, and install the oil seal 11 Oil sealing is implemented between the input shaft 8 and the inner flange 604 and between the tapered bearing A10 and the tapered bearing B12, and the side wall of the bearing frame 6 is provided with an opening 605 corresponding to the first passage 209, Moreover, the opening 605 is not lower than the outer ring of the tapered bearing A10, and an oil cup 5 is fixed inside the box body 2, and the oil cup 5 is located on the side of the first passage 209 close to the differential space 201, so that the differential always The large gear 142 of 14 throws lubricating oil into the oil cup 5 during the rotation process, and the lubricating oil collected by the oil cup 5 enters the shaft hole of the bearing frame 6 through the first channel 209 and the opening 605 to lubricate the tapered bearing A10 . In order to ensure the oil collecting effect of the oil cup 5 , the height of the oil cup 5 is not higher than the height of the upper edge of the large gear 142 in the differential assembly 14 . In order to ensure the flow of lubricating oil and avoid deposition, it is further preferred that the bottom of the oil cup 5 is higher than the bottom of the first channel 209, the bottom of the first channel 209 is higher than the bottom of the opening 605, and the bottom of the opening 605 is higher than the top of the outer ring of the tapered bearing A10. In order to ensure the lubricating effect and smooth exhaust, it is further preferred that the lubricating oil liquid level in the case 2 is near the output half shaft of the differential assembly 14, and the liquid level is not lower than the pinion shaft 17 and does not submerge the lower end of the input shaft 8. Active bevel gear portion 82 . Preferably, as shown in Figure 2, the active bevel gear portion 82 at the lower end of the input shaft 8 is higher than the axis of the output half shaft of the differential assembly 14, and the axis of the output half shaft of the differential assembly 14 is higher than that of the gear shaft 17. axis, so that the structure is more reasonable and easy to lubricate. The tapered bearing B12 is lubricated by the lubricating oil thrown up by the driven bevel gear 13 during rotation. Lubricating oil is injected through the oil injection hole 204 on the top of the box body, and the oil injection hole 204 is usually closed by a plunger. In order to ensure the exhaust of the internal space of the reduction box, especially the exhaust of the reduction space 202, a second channel 206 is opened at the bottom of the installation basin 203 , the second passage 206 penetrates from top to bottom to the deceleration space 202, and a pipe joint 1 is installed on the side wall of the installation basin 203, so that the inner space of the box body 2 passes through the first passage 209, the second passage 206, and the cavity of the installation basin 203 , Pipe joint 1 exhaust.

As shown in Figure 14, the bearing frame 6 includes a cylindrical body 601, an outer flange 602 is provided on the top of the cylindrical body 601, an inner flange 604 is provided at the bottom of the shaft hole 603 of the cylindrical body 601, and an inner flange 604 is provided on the side wall of the cylindrical body 601. There is an opening 605, and when the cylindrical body 601 of the bearing frame 6 is inserted into the longitudinal installation hole 208, the outer flange 602 rests on the bottom of the installation basin 203 and is fixed by fasteners.

As shown in Figure 3 and Figure 10, the two ends of the gear shaft 17 are respectively sleeved with tapered bearings C16, the inner ring of the tapered bearing C16 is offset against the gear shaft 17, and the outer ring of the tapered bearing C16 is fixed on the bearing seat 15 The inner end of the inner end, the left and right two bearing seats 15 are respectively installed in the left and right two first transverse installation holes 207, the bearing seat 15 is threadedly connected with the first transverse installation holes 207, and the outer circumference of the bearing seat 15 is provided with a plurality of positioning teeth In this way, the toothed part 19 fixed on the box body 2 meshes with these positioning teeth, so that the rotation of the bearing seat 15 can be restricted to reliably locate the position of the bearing seat 15 in the first transverse mounting hole 207, which is not only convenient for assembly, but also can It is convenient and quick to adjust the meshing clearance of the bevel gear transmission pair.

As shown in Figures 4 and 6, the differential assembly 14 includes a differential case 141, a large gear 142 is fixed outside the differential case 141, and a planetary gear 143 is installed in the differential case 141 and side gear 144.

In the planetary gear 143 and the side gear 144 in the prior art, as shown in Fig. 7a and Fig. 8a, teeth are provided on the outside of the conical wheel body, and there is no reinforcing structure at the joint between the teeth and the conical wheel body. In order to increase the strength and service life of the planetary gear 143 and the side gear 144, as shown in Figure 7b and Figure 8b, we set a strengthening structure at the junction of the teeth and the conical wheel body: the conical wheel body of the planetary gear 143 The large-diameter end of 1431 is provided with a radially extending portion 1433 extending radially outward, and the radially extending portion 1433 covers the end face of the tooth 1432 and the two are connected as one; the conical wheel body 1441 of the side shaft gear 144 The large-diameter end is provided with a radially extending portion 1443 extending radially outward, the radially extending portion 1443 covers the end faces of the teeth 1442 and the two are connected as one, the conical wheel body 1441 of the side shaft gear 144 The small-diameter end is provided with an axial extension 1444 extending axially along the end, and the axial extension 1444 covers the inner surface of the teeth 1442 and connects them together.

An electric vehicle, comprising the above-mentioned reduction box 100, shaft arm assembly 200, output half shaft 300, brake assembly 400 and wheel assembly 500, the drive motor 18 is installed on the top of the installation basin 203 of the reduction box body, as shown in Figure 9 One end of the shaft arm assembly 200 is inserted into the second transverse installation hole 205 of the above-mentioned reduction box 100 and connected to the differential assembly through the bearing 145, the other end of the shaft arm assembly 200 is installed with the wheel assembly 500 and the brake assembly 400, and the output The half shaft 300 is installed in the shaft arm assembly 200 , one end of the output half shaft 300 is fixedly connected with the side gear 144 in the reduction box 100 , and the other end of the output half shaft 300 is connected with the wheel assembly 500 and the brake assembly 400 .

In the description of this specification, descriptions referring to the terms "one embodiment", "some embodiments", "example", "specific examples", or "some examples" mean that specific features described in connection with the embodiment or example , structures, materials or features are included in at least one embodiment or example of the present invention. In this specification, schematic representations of the above terms do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the specific features, structures, materials or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in any one or more embodiments or examples.

Although the embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described above, it can be understood that the above-mentioned embodiments are exemplary and cannot be construed as limitations of the present invention. The above-mentioned embodiments can be changed, modified, replaced and modified within the scope of the present utility model under the principle and purpose.

Claims (10)

1. A lubricating structure of a reduction box, comprising a casing (2), characterized in that, the top of the casing (2) is provided with an installation basin (203) for installing a drive motor (18), and the installation basin (203) There is a longitudinal installation hole (208) in the middle of the bottom, the longitudinal installation hole (208) penetrates to the inside of the box (2) from top to bottom, an input shaft (8) passes through the tapered bearing A (10), the tapered bearing B (12) and the bearing bracket (6) are installed in the longitudinal mounting hole (208), and the upper end of the input shaft (8) is used to connect the output shaft of the drive motor (18); wherein, the bearing bracket (6) is fixed in the longitudinal In the installation hole (208), the input shaft (8) is installed in the shaft hole (603) of the bearing frame (6) through the tapered bearing A (10) and the tapered bearing B (12) arranged up and down oppositely, and the input shaft ( 8) Nuts (9), tapered bearings A (10), oil seals (11) and tapered bearings B (12) are sleeved on top, and inner flanges (604 ), the outer ring of the tapered bearing A (10) and the outer ring of the tapered bearing B (12) respectively clamp the inner flange (604) from top to bottom, the nut (9) is threadedly connected with the input shaft (8), and the nut ( 9) and the lower end of the input shaft (8) clamp the inner ring of the tapered bearing A (10) and the inner ring of the tapered bearing B (12) respectively from top to bottom, and the oil seal (11) is installed on the input shaft (8) and the inner ring Oil sealing is implemented between the flanges (604) and between the tapered bearing A (10) and the tapered bearing B (12); a first channel (209) is opened on the side wall of the longitudinal mounting hole (208) , the first channel (209) horizontally communicates with the interior of the box (2) and the longitudinal installation hole (208), and the side wall of the bearing frame (6) is provided with an opening corresponding to the first channel (209) ( 605), and the opening (605) is not lower than the outer ring of the tapered bearing A (10), and an oil cup (5) communicating with the first passage (209) is fixed inside the box (2). 2. The lubricating structure of a reduction box according to claim 1, characterized in that the height of the oil cup (5) is not higher than the top of the bull gear (142) in the differential assembly (14). edge height. 3. The lubricating structure of a reduction box according to claim 1, characterized in that the bottom of the oil cup (5) is higher than the bottom of the first passage (209), and the bottom of the first passage (209) is higher than the opening ( 605) bottom, the bottom of the opening (605) is higher than the top of the outer ring of the tapered bearing A (10). 4. The lubricating structure of a reduction box according to claim 1, characterized in that a second channel (206) is opened at the bottom of the installation basin (203), and the second channel (206) penetrates from top to bottom to reduce Space (202), a pipe joint (1) is installed on the side wall of the installation basin (203), so that the inner space of the box body (2) passes through the first passage (209), the second passage (206), the installation basin (203) The cavity and the pipe joint (1) are exhausted. 5. The lubricating structure of a reduction box according to claim 1, characterized in that, the bearing frame (6) comprises a cylinder (601), and the top of the cylinder (601) is provided with an outer flange (602) , the lower part of the shaft hole (603) of the cylinder (601) is provided with an inner flange (604), the side wall of the cylinder (601) has an opening (605), and the cylinder (601) of the bearing frame (6) is in When inserted into the longitudinal mounting hole (208), the outer flange (602) rests on the bottom of the mounting basin (203) and is secured by fasteners. 6. The lubricating structure of a reduction box according to claim 1, characterized in that, the inner space of the case (2) is divided into a differential space (201) and a reduction space (202), and the differential The front of the space (201) is connected with the deceleration space (202), the back of the differential space (201) is closed by the rear end cover (3), the front of the deceleration space (202) is closed by the front end cover (4), and the box body (2 ) on the left and right side walls of the deceleration space (202) are provided with corresponding first transverse installation holes (207), and the box body (2) is respectively on the left and right side walls of the differential space (201) A corresponding second transverse installation hole (205) is opened; the lower end of the input shaft (8) is provided with a driving bevel gear (82), and the driving bevel gear (82) extends into the deceleration space (202) and connects with the driven bevel gear (13) meshing transmission, the driven bevel gear (13) is sleeved and fixed on the gear shaft (17), and the two ends of the gear shaft (17) are respectively installed in the box through the tapered bearing C (16) and the bearing seat (15) (2), a gear part (171) is provided on the pinion shaft (17), and the gear part (171) is meshed with the large gear (142) on the differential assembly (14) for transmission, and the driven bevel gear (13 ) and gear shaft (17) are located in the reduction space (202), and the differential assembly (14) is located in the differential space (201), so that the tapered bearing B (12) is driven by the driven bevel gear (13 ) Lubricating oil thrown up during the rotation process. 7. The lubricating structure of a reduction box according to claim 6, characterized in that, the active bevel gear portion (82) at the lower end of the input shaft (8) is higher than the output half of the differential assembly (14). The axis of the shaft, the axis of the output half shaft of the differential assembly (14) is higher than the axis of the pinion shaft (17). 8. The lubricating structure of a reduction box according to claim 6, characterized in that the lubricating oil liquid level in the casing (2) is near the output half shaft of the differential assembly (14), and the liquid level The surface is not lower than the gear shaft (17) and does not submerge the lower end of the input shaft (8). 9. A reduction box, characterized in that it comprises a lubrication structure for a reduction box according to any one of claims 1 to 8. 10. An electric vehicle, characterized by comprising a reduction gearbox as claimed in claim 9.