Background technology
The processing mode of domestic waste mainly contains burning, compost and sanitary landfills both at home and abroad at present.Compare with regard to three kinds of modes, burning is the innoxious preferred approach of domestic waste, has the advantages such as cost is low, energy consumption is low, floor space is few, farthest limits the infringement of nuisance to environment.
Current domestic waste incineration great majority adopt pyrolytic technique, first by refuse pyrolysis, drawn by the flue gas of generation, then process from upper of furnace body.In the flue gas produced after refuse pyrolysis, pernicious gas containing a large amount of steam, tar, bioxin, alkanes (CmHn), carbon monoxide (CO), dust and sulfur-bearing (S), chloride (Cl) composition, the particularly material such as steam, tar, bioxin, post-processed is comparatively difficult.
Wherein, bioxin composition contained in flue gas is mainly derived from the pyrolytic process of chloride precursor, but bioxin less than 705 DEG C time be metastable, namely start to decompose higher than this temperature, bibliography " Consideration of MSW Incineration Technology ", a beneficial Zhao Youcai edits.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of this utility model is to overcome the problems of the prior art, provides a kind of down smoke-discharging formula domestic garbage pyrolysis stove refuse pyrolysis, flue gas pretreatment integrated.
The technical solution of the utility model is achieved in that
Comprise body of heater, offer the charging aperture that can seal in upper of furnace body, lower portion of furnace body offers exhanst gas outlet, and described body of heater is also provided with blast pipe, and the outlet of blast pipe is at furnace interior and between charging aperture and exhanst gas outlet; Bottom of furnace body sets out cinder notch.
Described body of heater comprises sheathed internal furnace and outer burner hearth, and leaves gap between the two, and described exhanst gas outlet is opened in the bottom of internal furnace, and outer upper furnace is communicated with chimney, forms discharge flue.
The outlet of described chimney connects flue gas after-treatment device.
Described charging aperture is provided with seal cover.
The centre position of described body of heater inner bottom part is provided with vertical Bu Fengta, and the entrance of cloth wind tower connects the outlet of blast pipe.
Described charging aperture is positioned at the top of body of heater.
In described body of heater during refuse pyrolysis, be divided into ash bed, pyrolytic layer, destructive distillation layer and drying layer from the bottom up successively, wherein blast pipe is between pyrolytic layer and destructive distillation layer, and exhanst gas outlet is positioned at ash bed.
Described body of heater offers sensor preformed hole position.
Compared with prior art, the utility model has following useful technique effect:
The utility model is by arranging charging aperture, blast pipe and exhanst gas outlet from top to bottom successively, and rubbish is in body of heater during pyrolysis, and the oxygen of air inlet is the most sufficient, and burning is the most abundant, so temperature is the highest, a large amount of high-temperature flue gas that pyrolysis produces can upwards spread; Simultaneously because charging aperture is positioned at the top of air inlet, so the high-temperature flue gas of diffusion can make upper strata rubbish progressively dehydrate, be beneficial to subsequent combustion; And charging aperture is sealing, so flue gas and the dry a large amount of steam produced are after upper of furnace body concentration is saturated, can spread to lower portion of furnace body, reverse movement is also finally discharged from the exhanst gas outlet of bottom through the heat zone of air inlet, forms the mode of down smoke-discharging, in discharge process, tar ingredients contained in flue gas can Yin Gaowen and after-flame, for subsequent technique provides convenient, a large amount of steam reacts with pyrocarbon in the case of a high temperature and generates carbon monoxide and hydrogen, can be recycled.The utility model passes through the position of position lower than air outlet of exhanst gas outlet, form the mode of down smoke-discharging, flue gas is arranged outward after high temperature pyrolysis layer again, both can by refuse pyrolysis, the content of tar and steam in flue gas can be removed again in a large number, be convenient to post-processed, in the utility model, house refuse can enter pyrolysis oven continuously, can adopt uninterrupted operation in 24 hours.
Further, the utility model is by arranging internal furnace and outer burner hearth, and flue gas must be discharged from the bottom up from the gap between inside and outside burner hearth, effectively can utilize the temperature of flue gas, be incubated to internal furnace.
Further, the utility model, by arranging flue gas after-treatment device, can carry out dedusting and cooling etc. process to flue gas etc., be more conducive to discharge.
Further, the utility model is by arranging cloth wind tower, and after rubbish is lighted, cloth wind tower supplements a small amount of air equably in body of heater, and what make rubbish rely on the calorific value of self continual and steady carries out pyrolysis.
Further, the utility model, by arranging sensor preformed hole position, is convenient to temperature sensor to be mounted in body of heater from outside carry out temperature survey.
Detailed description of the invention
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, the utility model is described in further details:
With reference to Fig. 1, in the utility model, rubbish can be divided into ash bed, pyrolytic layer, destructive distillation layer and drying layer from the bottom up successively according to the fired state of rubbish in body of heater.
With reference to shown in Fig. 2, the charging aperture 1 of with closure is offered at the top of the utility model body of heater, and bottom of furnace body sets out cinder notch; Body of heater comprises internal furnace 2, the outer sheathed outer burner hearth 3 of internal furnace 2, and outer burner hearth 3 is that overall structure of the present utility model supports, and rubbish carries out pyrolysis in internal furnace 2; Leave gap between internal furnace 2 and outer burner hearth 3, form cavity structure, exhanst gas outlet 8 is offered in the bottom of internal furnace 2, is communicated with outer burner hearth 3, and outer burner hearth 3 top is communicated with chimney 7, is connected with the external world, forms discharge flue; The outlet of chimney 7 connects flue gas after-treatment device, specifically comprises chilling and alkaline cleaner, can also comprise the insides such as electrostatic precipitator, cyclone dust collector, bag-type dust collector and spray equipment one or more.Internal furnace 2 offers relative air inlet with the bottom of outer burner hearth 3, air inlet is provided with the blast pipe 6 extending to furnace interior, and the outlet of blast pipe 6 is at furnace interior, air is made to enter internal furnace 2 from body of heater outside, cloth wind tower 5 entrance of the outlet vertical connecting of blast pipe 6, cloth wind tower 5 is arranged on the centre position bottom internal furnace 2, pyrolysis for rubbish evenly provides necessary air, after refuse furnace is lighted, cloth wind tower 5 supplements a small amount of air equably in body of heater, and what make rubbish rely on the calorific value of self continual and steady carries out pyrolysis; Wherein blast pipe 6 and cloth wind tower 5 are all between pyrolytic layer and destructive distillation layer, pyrolytic layer is positioned near cloth wind tower 5 air outlet, is the region that in body of heater, temperature is the highest, can reaches more than 900 DEG C, and by heat radiation, air transmitted, heat is upwards transmitted, the lime-ash after pyrolysis can precipitate downwards; Exhanst gas outlet 8 is positioned at ash bed, lower than the air outlet position of cloth wind tower 5.
Be provided with sensor preformed hole position 4 in the middle part of body of heater, temperature sensor can be mounted to internal furnace 2 from outside and carry out temperature survey.
Main process and the principle of the utility model refuse pyrolysis are as follows:
First be ignition Process, first light in the internal furnace 2 of pyrolysis oven with the fuel such as timber, charcoal, feed sufficient air by blast pipe 6 and cloth wind tower 5 and be evenly distributed, fuel stabilization in internal furnace 2 is burnt, and formation temperature is stabilized in the pyrolytic layer of more than 705 DEG C, after flameholding, the temperature of pyrolytic layer is more than 900 DEG C; Pyrolytic layer produces high-temperature flue gas and lime-ash, and high-temperature flue gas rises; Subsequently rubbish is filled in internal furnace 2, and by seal cover, charging aperture 1 is sealed after the addition was complete, continue by cloth wind tower 5 to stove Invivo oxyger-supply, the rubbish of body of heater inner top runs into the high-temperature flue gas that pyrolytic layer produces in decline process, constantly slough the moisture of attachment, gradually become the rubbish into drying; Under the scorching hot high-temperature flue gas that pyrolytic layer rising is come toasts, there is dry distillation reactor in dried rubbish, generates alkanes (C
mh
n), carbon monoxide (CO), tar, hydrogen chloride (HCl), hydrogen sulfide (H
2s) is with materials such as bioxin; Rubbish after destructive distillation, main residue is the material such as coke and a small amount of clay, after pyrolytic layer pyrolysis, generate lime-ash, namely containing the inorganic slag of a small amount of fixed carbon, when being accumulated to a certain amount of, open slag notch and lime-ash discharged body of heater, rubbish rely on self calorific value continual and steady carry out pyrolysis; A large amount of high-temperature flue gas that pyrolytic layer and destructive distillation layer produce can upwards spread, and upper strata rubbish is progressively dewatered, produces a large amount of steam.
The utility model upper of furnace body is not provided with exhaust opening, so the most first meeting of flue gas that refuse pyrolysis produces circulates in internal furnace 2, until internal furnace 2 li of flue gases and water vapor concentration after pyrolytic layer top reaches capacity, flue gas and steam can spread to lower portion of furnace body, the reverse pyrolytic layer through high temperature, flue gas and steam are through in the process of high temperature pyrolysis layer, tar ingredients contained in flue gas can Yin Gaowen and after-flame, and a large amount of steam reacts with pyrocarbon in the case of a high temperature and generates carbon monoxide (CO) and hydrogen (H
2).Few through the content of tar and condensed water in the flue gas after high temperature pyrolysis layer, then from height lower than the exhanst gas outlet 8 of cloth wind tower 5 discharged to the cavity between internal furnace 2 and outer burner hearth 3, finally discharge body of heater from chimney 7, carry out next step purification, recovery and utilization.Dust contained in flue gas, sulfide, nitrogen oxygen, chloride can adopt conventional treatment mode, such as, adopt one or more in the modes such as electrostatic precipitation, cyclone dust removal, bag-type dust, chilling alkali cleaning and spray, comparatively simply.The utility model Zhong bioxin composition with flue gas through high temperature pyrolysis layer more than 705 DEG C time, can decompose, then adopt the post processing mode of chilling alkali cleaning, temperature is controlled at about 170 ~ 230 DEG C, effectively can remove in flue gas and contain bioxin.In the process, smoke contacts must be prevented to heavy metal, particularly the catalytic substance such as copper, generates again to prevent bioxin.
In the process, tar ingredients can with the high temperature of pyrolytic layer after-flame, steam can there is redox reaction by during high temperature pyrolysis layer, produces carbon monoxide (CO), hydrogen (H
2) etc. fuel gas.Key reaction is as follows:
C+O
2=CO
2+408840KJ/Kmol (1)
C+1/2O
2=CO+123217KJ/Kmol (2)
CO
2+C=2CO-162405KJ/Kmol (3)
C+H
2O=CO+H
2-118821KJ/Kmol (4)
The utility model beneficial effect:
1, after ignition Process, pyrolysis in-furnace temperature is pyrolytic layer temperature stabilization especially, and house refuse can enter pyrolysis oven continuously, can adopt uninterrupted operation in 24 hours.
2, a large amount of tar ingredients produced after domestic garbage pyrolysis, can burn completely in through the process of high temperature pyrolysis layer, for subsequent technique provides convenient.
3, the steam produced after domestic garbage pyrolysis, can react with carbon and generate carbon monoxide (CO) and hydrogen (H in the process of passing high temperature pyrolysis layer
2), can be recycled.
4, flue gas is discharged from the space between internal furnace 2 and outer burner hearth 3, utilizes the temperature of flue gas, is incubated to internal furnace 2.
In the utility model, the position of exhanst gas outlet 8 is lower than the position of air inlet, adopts the mode of down smoke-discharging, flue gas is arranged outward after high temperature pyrolysis layer again, both by refuse pyrolysis, can remove again the content of tar and steam in flue gas in a large number, and be convenient to post-processed.