CN204405379U - One is vertical multiple spot sampling system simultaneously under water - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model discloses an underwater vertical multi-point simultaneous sampling system. The sampling system includes a sampler support frame, a water sample storage unit, a vacuum extraction unit, a water sample collection unit, a system fixing unit, etc.; Several inlets of the sample collection unit are sequentially arranged on the fixed unit of the system from bottom to top, and then several outlets of the water sample collection unit are connected with the corresponding inlets of the vacuum extraction unit, and the outlets of the vacuum extraction unit are connected with the corresponding outlets of the water sample storage unit. The inlets are connected, and finally the fixed unit of the system is fixed in the model reservoir; the vacuum extraction unit is turned on, and the required water sample is collected in the water sample storage unit and then closed. The utility model has the advantages of simple structure, easy to carry, no secondary pollution to the water sample taken, etc., and the utility model still maintains the water temperature stratification characteristics of the original simulated reservoir and the flow rate under the special water temperature stratification condition during the water intake process of the utility model. state.

Description

An Underwater Vertical Multipoint Simultaneous Sampling System

Technical field:

The utility model belongs to the field of water quality pollution control of lakes and reservoirs, and specifically relates to an underwater vertical multi-point simultaneous sampling system, which is suitable for pilot tests and on-site research of water quality pollution control in rivers, lakes and reservoirs, and is especially suitable for the pollution control of rainstorm runoff of the above water bodies trials and field studies.

Background technique:

The water sampling work of rivers, lakes and reservoirs is an important part of environmental science research and water environment protection and management. When studying and analyzing the spatial and temporal variation characteristics of the above-mentioned natural surface water quality, water samples need to be collected synchronously, such as analyzing Study the vertical water quality of the water body, the change process and law of the formation and evolution of the hyperpycnal flow under the condition of water temperature stratification, and the change characteristics of physical and chemical indicators such as phytoplankton, zooplankton, and pollutants in each layer of water under the influence of the hyperpycnal flow, etc. .

In the past, the sampler was composed of a sampling bottle (glass or plexiglass) and a thick fiber rope. When sampling, the sampling bottle was tied to one end of the rope, and then put into the water at different water depths. After collecting a certain amount of water samples, Lift the sample bottle to the surface of the water and remove the water sample, then repeat the operation to collect water samples at another water depth. When using this traditional method for sampling, the reliability and representativeness of the water samples taken cannot be guaranteed due to the large volume of the air discharged during sampling, and the air bubbles will also seriously disturb the flow state of the original water body, especially Pilot model reservoirs with small water volumes. Previously CN103398874A disclosed a synchronous collection device for layered water bodies. Although water samples of different depths can be collected, since the device is put into the water body, the water flow of each layer passes through the vertical strips on the supporting circular pipe. The gap flows into the circular tube, which causes local turbulence of the water flow at the mouth of the tube. At the same time, the circular base will disturb the water flow during the dive, thus greatly reducing the representativeness of the collected water samples. And CN104019804A discloses a kind of highly silty muddy water differential density flow detection system, although can online monitor water temperature, water depth, flow velocity and silt content, but in the process of sailing, the speed of the ship will cause disturbance to the stratification of the water body; the system is mainly On-line monitoring of the sediment concentration in the water cannot effectively obtain other water quality indicators of the reservoir; in addition, the sediment particles in the hyperpycnal flow have serious wear and tear on the photoelectric equipment, so the equipment has a short operating cycle and frequent equipment replacement. The use cost is higher.

Furthermore, due to the various evolution forms of hyperpycnal flow in stratified water bodies, it has not been feasible to simultaneously sample sediment at different locations without disturbing the original water body; the drying and weighing method has also been used for sediment concentration. Measurement is time-consuming and laborious.

Utility model content:

The utility model aims at the defects and deficiencies of the above-mentioned prior art, and provides an underwater vertical multi-point simultaneous sampling system, which can simultaneously collect water samples of different depths without disturbing the original water body.

In order to achieve the above object, the utility model is realized through the following technical solutions:

An underwater vertical multi-point simultaneous sampling system, comprising a water sample storage unit, a vacuum extraction unit, a water sample collection unit, and a system fixing unit; wherein, the water sample storage unit is provided with several inlets and corresponding outlets, and the vacuum extraction unit is provided with There are several inlets and corresponding outlets. The inlets of the water sample collection unit are sequentially arranged on the fixed unit of the system from bottom to top. Several outlets of the water sample collection unit are connected to the corresponding inlets of the vacuum extraction unit. The corresponding inlets of the water sample storage units are connected.

The further improvement of the utility model lies in: it also includes system accessories, and several inlets of the water sample collection unit are sequentially arranged on the system fixing unit from bottom to top through the system accessories.

The further improvement of the utility model lies in: it also includes a support frame of the sample storage device, and the water sample storage unit is fixed on the support frame of the sample storage device.

The further improvement of the utility model is that: the system fixing unit is engraved with scales indicating the water depth from bottom to top, and the support frame of the sample holder is engraved with marks corresponding to the water depth scale on the system fixing unit.

The further improvement of the utility model is that: the vacuum extraction unit is a digital vacuum extraction unit, which is used to indicate the time and depth of the water sample taken.

The further improvement of the utility model is that: the vacuum extraction unit is a vacuum pump.

Compared with the prior art, the utility model has the following beneficial effects:

The utility model relates to an underwater vertical multi-point simultaneous sampling system, which has the advantages of simple structure, portability, no secondary pollution to the water samples taken, and the like. The utility model uses the air-conditioning condensing pipe to cool the water body at the bottom of the model reservoir to obtain the water body in the isothermal layer, and then relies on the natural heat transfer process to realize the water temperature stratification inside the model reservoir, and develops a simultaneous sampling device for water samples of different depths according to the siphon principle , according to the light scattering characteristics of sediment particles, a rapid measurement system of sediment concentration was established. Relying on the sampling system provided by the utility model, the water temperature stratification characteristics and flow state of the original simulated reservoir can be maintained during the sampling process, and the movement process and characteristics of the sediment density flow in the water temperature stratification water body can be conveniently studied.

Description of drawings:

Fig. 1 is a structural schematic diagram of an underwater vertical multi-point simultaneous sampling system of the present invention.

In the figure: 1 is the support frame of the sample holder, 2 is the water sample storage unit, 3 is the vacuum extraction unit, 4 is the water sample collection unit, 5 is the system fixing unit, and 6 is the system accessories.

Figure 2 is a graph showing the relationship between turbidity and concentration of a quartz sand solution with a particle size of 0.002 mm.

Fig. 3 is a spatial distribution map of the sediment concentration in the model reservoir drawn over time by using the sediment concentration data; among them, in Fig. 3, the inflow muddy water quartz sand concentration is 5g/L, and the inflow velocity is 0.0025m/s, and Fig. 3(a ) to (f) are the temporal and spatial distribution diagrams of the sediment concentration in the model reservoir after 5 min, 10 min, 20 min, 30 min, 40 min and 50 min of inflow muddy water.

Detailed ways:

Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing and embodiment the utility model is described further.

Referring to Fig. 1, the utility model is an underwater vertical multi-point simultaneous sampling system, which includes a sample holder support frame 1, a water sample storage unit 2, a vacuum extraction unit 3, a water sample collection unit 4, a system fixing unit 5 and a system Attachment 6; wherein, the water sample storage unit 2 is provided with several inlets and corresponding several outlets, the vacuum extraction unit 3 is provided with several inlets and corresponding several outlets, and several inlets of the water sample collection unit 4 are sequentially arranged on the fixed system of the system from bottom to top. On the unit 5 , several outlets of the water sample collection unit 4 are connected to corresponding inlets of the vacuum extraction unit 3 , and outlets of the vacuum extraction unit 3 are connected to corresponding inlets of the water sample storage unit 2 . Among them, several inlets of the water sample collection unit 4 are sequentially arranged on the system fixing unit 5 through the system accessory 6 from bottom to top; the water sample storage unit 2 is fixed on the support frame 1 of the sample holder.

Further, the system fixing unit 5 is engraved with a scale indicating the water depth from bottom to top, and the sample holder support frame 1 is engraved with a scale mark corresponding to the water depth on the system fixing unit 5 .

Further, the water sample storage unit 2 is marked with time and depth sequences, which are used to indicate the time and depth of the water samples taken.

For a further understanding of the utility model, an explanation is now given to its method of use:

1) According to the characteristics of the water temperature distribution of the actual layered model reservoir, determine the height of the water body in the lower isothermal layer required by the model reservoir in proportion;

2) Use the air-conditioning condenser to cool the water body at the bottom of the model reservoir to obtain the isothermal water body, and then rely on the natural heat transfer process to realize the water temperature stratification inside the model reservoir, and determine the length of the fixed unit 5 of the system under the model reservoir at the required height and the volume requirements of the water sample taken;

3) Several inlets of the water sample collection unit 4 are sequentially arranged on the system fixing unit 5 from bottom to top, and then several outlets of the water sample collection unit 4 are connected with the corresponding inlets of the vacuum extraction unit 3, and the vacuum extraction unit 3 The outlet of the water sample storage unit 2 is connected to the corresponding inlet, and finally the system fixing unit 5 is fixed in the model reservoir;

4) Turn on the vacuum extraction unit 3, and close the vacuum extraction unit 3 after collecting the required water samples in the water sample storage unit 2;

5) Set up corresponding underwater vertical multi-point simultaneous sampling systems for different longitudinal positions of the model reservoir, collect water samples at different positions at the same time, and study the temporal and spatial evolution of water quality.

In order to further understand the utility model, its various parts are now described further.

1. The vacuum extraction unit can be realized by using a syringe with easy-to-obtain materials and low price; for field research on water pollution control of rivers, lakes, and reservoirs, due to the deep water body, in order to overcome the large size of the water sample collection unit during the water extraction process If the water flow resistance is low, the vacuum pumping unit can be realized by using a vacuum pump, and the necessary vacuum degree adjustment device is set. Specifically, a vacuum extraction unit is configured at the outlet of each water sample collection unit. When sampling, the negative pressure in the tube is generated by pulling the syringe to form a siphon; The digital sampling tube is inserted into the corresponding water sample collection unit so that the water sample flows into the water sample collection unit.

2. The water sample storage unit can be realized by using 50ml PE centrifuge tubes which are relatively common in the laboratory and the price is relatively low; for actual lake and reservoir sampling, due to the deep water body and large sampling capacity, the water sample storage unit can use buckets or Conical flask; specifically, the water sample storage unit is used to store water samples at a certain depth at a certain section; the words "5-1-1" are marked on it, which means 5 minutes (that is, time Fixed), No. 1 section (that is, the section is fixed), No. 1 water sample (that is, water samples at different depths, the lowest layer is recorded as No. 1, and each rising height is correspondingly recorded as No. 2. The specified height of this device is 5cm ).

3. The support frame of the sampler can be realized by the common and low-cost double-row eight-grid centrifugal tube rack in the laboratory; for the field research on the water pollution control of rivers, lakes, and reservoirs, due to the large collection capacity, the water can be directly The sample storage unit is placed on the ground or on the detection ship; and, the number sequence is marked on the support frame of the sample storage device, which is used to place the corresponding number of water sample collection units.

4. The water sample collection unit uses a transparent soft rubber tube that is easy to get on the market and has a low price. In order not to affect the water flow state in the pilot plant, the diameter of the tube is 3mm. If it is in the control site of an actual lake or reservoir, the water sample collection unit can be replaced with a slightly thicker and slightly harder rubber hose; specifically, one section is fixed at a certain depth of the system fixed unit, and the other end protrudes out of the water surface and is inserted into a vacuum suction hose. unit, the corresponding depth is marked with the corresponding number on the tube.

5. The fixed unit of the system can be realized by using common thick iron wire in daily life, and the material is easy to obtain and the price is low. Specifically, the system fixing unit is used to fix the position of the sampling tube, and it must be vertical to ensure that the nozzles of all the sampling tubes are on the same vertical line. The upper part is designed in a frame shape, which is convenient for hanging at the position where sampling is required in the simulated reservoir.

6. Waterproof tape with readily available materials is used for system accessories, which is used to fix the position of the nozzle on the wire to prevent the nozzle from sliding or the sampling tube from falling off.

The operating principle of the utility model: one end of the water sample collection unit is fixed at the corresponding position of the system fixed unit marked with a scale, and the other end is connected with the vacuum extraction unit, and the water sample flows out from the water sample collection unit through the vacuum extraction unit and then connected to Place in the corresponding water sample collection unit on the holder of the sample holder.

Example:

Accompanying drawing 1 is the underwater multi-point simultaneous sampling system of the present utility model, and this sampling system comprises sample holder supporting frame 1, water sample storage unit 2, vacuum extraction unit 3, water sample collection unit 4, system fixing unit 5 and System attachment 6. Before sampling, put the fixed unit connected with the sampling system into the stratified water body to be sampled. When sampling, pull the vacuum extraction unit at the same time to form a "siphon" in the sampling tube, and due to the The elevation of the liquid surface of the water body is higher than the sample outlet, so the siphon generated in the original pipe can use the high-level gravitational potential energy to flow out naturally; immediately put the outflow water sample nozzle into the corresponding digital water sample storage unit, and control the water sample outflow In terms of time, because the size of the pilot plant is small, it is only 1-2 seconds from the vacuum to the outflow of the water sample, so it can be considered that the vacuum and the outflow of the water sample are completed instantaneously; and in controlling the collection time of the water sample, Because the sampling volume is small (about 20ml ~ 35ml) and the flow rate in the tube is large, the process can be completed within 3 to 6 seconds without affecting the immediate sampling water quality and subsequent work. The sampling port makes the sampling of each layer of the water body synchronized, and can be completed in about 10 seconds in this small-sized pilot plant. After the sampling is completed, take out the sampling device and restore the position of each structural unit in situ for sampling at the next time.

At different longitudinal positions of the layered reservoir, the underwater vertical multi-point simultaneous sampling system provided by the utility model is used to sample at different sampling time intervals to obtain water samples at different positions and at different time conditions.

According to the light scattering characteristics of sediment particles, prepare sediment solutions with different concentrations, measure the corresponding turbidity of water samples, establish the relationship curve between sediment concentration and turbidity of water samples, and determine the sediment concentration of water samples, as shown in Figure 2 The relationship curve between turbidity and concentration of quartz sand solution with a particle size of 0.002mm; this rapid sediment concentration measurement system based on the principle of photoelectricity is used to analyze the sediment concentration of water samples at different locations and at different times in the reservoir, and obtain The evolution process and characteristics of hyperpycnal flow in stratified reservoirs; Figure 3 is the spatial distribution of sediment concentration in the model reservoir drawn with time using sediment concentration data. is 0.0025m/s. Figure 3(a)-(f) are the time-space distribution diagrams of the sediment concentration of the model reservoir after the inflow muddy water flows in for 5min, 10min, 20min, 30min, 40min and 50min respectively. The concentration data can be used to study the evolution characteristics of the hyperpycnal flow. Under this condition, the hyperpycnal flow appears as interlaminar flow (between -0.15 and -0.4m), and the position of the interlayer flow is -0.225m. The thickness of the flow is 0.15m, and the location of the interlaminar flow moves down with time, the thickness increases and the velocity gradually decreases.

The above content is a further detailed description of the utility model in conjunction with specific preferred embodiments. It cannot be determined that the specific embodiment of the utility model is limited to this. Under the premise of the new concept, some simple deduction or replacement can also be made, which should be regarded as belonging to the utility model and the patent protection scope is determined by the submitted claims.

Claims (6)

1. a vertical multiple spot sampling system simultaneously under water, is characterized in that: comprise water sample storage unit (2), vacuum drawn unit (3), water sampling unit (4) and system fixed cell (5); Wherein, water sample storage unit (2) is provided with some entrances and corresponding some outlets, vacuum drawn unit (3) is provided with some entrances and corresponding some outlets, some entrances of water sampling unit (4) are successively set on system fixed cell (5) from bottom to up, the entrance that some outlets of water sampling unit (4) are corresponding with vacuum drawn unit (3) is connected, and the entrance that the outlet of vacuum drawn unit (3) is corresponding with water sample storage unit (2) is connected.

2. one according to claim 1 vertical multiple spot sampling system simultaneously under water, it is characterized in that: also comprise system attachment (6), some entrances of water sampling unit (4) are successively set on system fixed cell (5) from bottom to up by system attachment (6).

3. one according to claim 1 vertical multiple spot sampling system simultaneously under water, it is characterized in that: also comprise sample storage device support bracket (1), water sample storage unit (2) is fixed on sample storage device support bracket (1).

4. one according to claim 3 vertical multiple spot sampling system simultaneously under water, it is characterized in that: system fixed cell (5) is carved with from bottom to up the scale indicating the depth of water, sample storage device support bracket (1) is carved with the mark of the scale of the upper corresponding depth with system fixed cell (5).

5. one according to claim 1 vertical multiple spot sampling system simultaneously under water, is characterized in that: vacuum drawn unit (3) is digital vacuum drawn unit (3), time of water sampling and the degree of depth for representing.

6. one vertical multiple spot sampling system simultaneously under water according to claim 1 or 5, is characterized in that: vacuum drawn unit (3) is vacuum pump.