CN204321330U - The ultrasonic accurate hobbing device of a kind of gear - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model belongs to the technical field of gear ultrasonic finishing, in particular to a gear ultrasonic precision hobbing device and its application. The utility model mainly solves the problems of large hobbing cutting force and cutting heat, serious hob wear and low hob service life in the hobbing process of hard tooth surface gears. The utility model is an ultrasonic precision hobbing device for gears, which is composed of three parts: a gear workpiece rotation and an ultrasonic vibration composite spindle system, an external support fixing system and an ultrasonic power supply reversing system. The application of the ultrasonic precision gear hobbing device of the utility model is to install the gear ultrasonic precision gear hobbing device on the hobbing workbench, and adopt different ultrasonic vibration modes and hob feed cutting modes according to different structural characteristics of gear workpieces The realization of ultrasonic precision gear hobbing can prolong the service life of the hob, improve the roughness of the tooth surface, improve the precision of gear hobbing, improve the microscopic cutting texture of the tooth surface, and achieve the purpose of reducing noise and improving wear resistance.

Description

A gear ultrasonic precision hobbing device

technical field

The utility model belongs to the technical field of ultrasonic finishing of gears, in particular to an ultrasonic precision hobbing device for gears.

Background technique

The development of new gear manufacturing technology is largely reflected in the improvement of production efficiency and precision level. At present, power transmission gears at home and abroad are developing in the direction of heavy load, high speed, high precision and high efficiency, and strive for low noise, miniaturization and long life. In order to realize the miniaturization of gear devices and improve the carrying capacity of existing involute gears, hard tooth surface technology is widely used in various countries. During the hobbing process of gears with hard tooth surface, the hobbing force and cutting heat are large, the chips are not easy to discharge, the hob wears seriously, and the service life of the hob is low. Moreover, due to the increased hardness of the material, the quenched gear cannot be processed by precision hobbing, so as to further improve the machining accuracy of the gear. However, ultrasonic vibration processing can greatly reduce cutting force and cutting heat, improve cutting cooling and lubrication effects, prolong tool life, and improve surface quality and wear resistance of processed workpieces.

The proposal of ultrasonic precision machining technology for gears relies on the mutual penetration of cutting-edge technologies between ultrasonic vibration theory and advanced manufacturing technology disciplines; mature products of high-power ultrasonic generators and transducers are put on the market, providing material guarantee for the realization of gear ultrasonic precision machining . In order to solve the above problems, Yin Shaohui proposed a schematic device for ultrasonic vibration hobbing experiment in 1995, and completed the ultrasonic hobbing test of a cylindrical gear with a modulus of 1mm and a number of teeth of 24 (see "Ultrasonic vibration hobbing experiment", New Technology and New Technology, 1995 (6): 22.); Luo Kaihua proposed a schematic device for ultrasonic hobbing in 2001, and completed the ultrasonic vibration hobbing experiment of a cylindrical gear with a modulus of 4.5 mm and a number of teeth of 34, ( See "Experimental Research on Ultrasonic Vibration Gear Hobbing", New Technology and New Technology, 2001 (9): 14-15.). However, there is no disclosure of the necessary components of the ultrasonic vibration hobbing experimental device, the ultrasonic power supply reversing system, the gear workpiece rotation system, the external support fixing system, and the connection and installation scheme between the ultrasonic vibration hobbing processing device and the hobbing machine workbench. And it is only suitable for ultrasonic hobbing of short and thick cylindrical gears (gear indexing circle diameter is less than 1/4 longitudinal wavelength in its medium), but there is no report for ultrasonic hobbing devices of cylindrical gears with other shape characteristics.

Utility model content

The utility model combines the ultrasonic vibration of the gear with the precision hobbing process, and designs a set of ultrasonic precision gear hobbing device suitable for the involute cylindrical gear after rough hobbing.

The technical scheme that the utility model takes is:

An ultrasonic precision hobbing device for gears, wherein: it consists of three parts: a gear workpiece rotation and ultrasonic vibration composite spindle system, an external support fixing system, and an ultrasonic power supply reversing system. The gear workpiece rotation and ultrasonic vibration composite spindle system includes a gear The workpiece rotary spindle, cylindrical transducer, vibration transmission mandrel, luffing mandrel and gear workpiece, in the middle of the outer surface of the gear workpiece rotary spindle, there are bearing positioning steps from top to bottom, and two rubber insulating sleeve installation grooves , there are four heat dissipation holes in the middle and lower part of the rotary spindle of the gear workpiece, a groove is provided in the middle of the top of the vibration transmission mandrel, a clamping plane is provided on the middle and upper part of the outer surface of the vibration transmission mandrel, and the vibration transmission mandrel The middle and upper part of the outer surface is located below the clamping plane, and a flange is provided, and an axial positioning boss is provided under the flange, a center hole is provided in the middle of the top of the luffing mandrel, and a On the clamping plane, a guiding and positioning boss is provided at the middle and lower part of the luffing mandrel; the vibration-transmitting mandrel is inserted into the inside of the gear workpiece rotary spindle and the flange is fixed on the top of the gear workpiece rotary spindle through a screw fixing assembly, and the screw fixing assembly is along the circumference Installed evenly every 60°, the cylindrical transducer is located at the same height as the heat dissipation hole in the rotary spindle of the gear workpiece, and is connected to the lower end of the vibration transmission mandrel through a precision fine thread, and the upper end of the vibration transmission mandrel is passed through a precision fine thread The thread is connected with the lower end of the luffing mandrel, and ensures that the guiding and positioning boss fits closely with the groove, and the upper end of the luffing mandrel is connected with the gear workpiece through a nut fixing assembly;

The outer support fixing system includes an outer support fixing frame, an ultra-precision high-speed angular contact ball bearing, a felt ring oil seal and a flange end cover. The inner ring of the ultra-precision high-speed angular contact ball bearing is installed on the bearing positioning step of the rotary spindle of the gear workpiece Above, the outer ring of the ultra-precision high-speed angular contact ball bearing is installed on the inner cylindrical positioning step of the outer support fixed frame, the flange end cover is fixed on the upper end surface of the outer support fixed frame by screws, and the felt ring oil seal is installed on the flange end cover Between the rotary spindle of the gear workpiece;

The ultrasonic power supply commutation system includes an ultrasonic generator, two conductive copper rings, two graphite brushes, two rubber insulating sleeves and insulated wires, the ultrasonic generator is placed on the upper surface of the outer support fixture, and two rubber insulating The sleeves are respectively installed in the two rubber insulating sleeve installation grooves of the gear workpiece rotary spindle, the two conductive copper rings are respectively installed in the annular grooves of the two rubber insulating sleeves, and the two graphite brushes pass through the outer support fixing frame and the graphite The contact inner cylindrical surface of the brush maintains strong and uniform contact with the outer cylindrical surface of the conductive copper ring; the power line of the ultrasonic generator is connected to the outer end of the graphite brush, one end of the insulated wire is connected to the conductive copper ring, and the other end of the insulated wire is connected to the The terminals of the cylindrical transducer are connected.

Wherein the gear workpiece can be a thin disc gear workpiece, a medium thick disc gear workpiece or a short thick cylindrical gear workpiece.

The use method of the gear ultrasonic precision hobbing device of the utility model is as follows: the shaft end flange at the bottom of the gear workpiece rotary main shaft is installed in the T-shaped groove of the rotary disc on the worktable of the gear hobbing machine through the bolt nut gasket fixing assembly, the bolt nut The gasket fixing components are installed evenly every 120° along the circumference, and the outer support fixing frame is fixed in the T-shaped groove of the gear hobbing machine table through the bolt nut gasket fixing components. Slide on the column slide rail so that the top of the support frame is in the center hole of the upper end face of the luffing mandrel, and the connecting beam connects the column and the small column, and then the gear hob turret is controlled by inputting instructions into the control panel. Move on the column slide rail to adjust the position of the gear hob to achieve alignment with the gear workpiece; adjust the gear hobbing machine through the indexing worm pair on the bed so that the speed ratio of the gear hob and the gear workpiece is equal to the ratio of the number of teeth of the gear workpiece to the number of gear hob heads Ratio; the column is driven by the slide rail on the bed to realize the radial feed movement, and the gear hob turret is driven by the column slide rail on the column to realize the axial feed movement; the meshing cutting of the gear hob and the gear workpiece The movement conforms to the meshing principle of the helical gear, and the two complete the meshing cutting movement of the cross-axis involute cylindrical gear, and realize the ultrasonic precision hobbing of the gear.

The ultrasonic vibration mode of the thin disc gear workpiece, the medium-thick disc gear workpiece or the short and thick cylindrical gear workpiece described in the utility model and the specific feeding method of the gear hob are as follows: when the thin disc gear workpiece is processed by ultrasonic precision hobbing, the gear workpiece Radial ultrasonic vibration at a frequency of 20kHz is performed while the indexing rotation is completed, and the gear hob is fed radially; during ultrasonic precision hobbing of medium-thick disc gear workpieces, the gear workpiece is subjected to 20kHz frequency vibration at the same time as the indexing rotation is completed. Pitch circle transverse bending ultrasonic vibration, gear hob radial-axial combined feed; during ultrasonic precision hobbing of short and thick cylindrical gear workpieces, the gear workpiece undergoes longitudinal ultrasonic vibration at a frequency of 20kHz while completing the indexing rotation, the gear The hob is axially fed in segments.

The utility model combines the ultrasonic vibration of the gear with the hobbing process of the hard tooth surface gear, and is suitable for the ultrasonic precision hobbing of the involute cylindrical gear after rough hobbing. It can prolong the service life of the hob, improve the roughness of the tooth surface, improve the machining accuracy of the gear hobbing, improve the microscopic cutting texture of the tooth surface, and achieve the purpose of reducing noise and improving wear resistance.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is the perspective view of the utility model gear ultrasonic precision hobbing device;

Fig. 2 is a cross-sectional view of the gear ultrasonic precision hobbing device of the present invention;

Fig. 3 is a partial enlarged view of place A in Fig. 2;

Fig. 4 is a structural schematic diagram of the rotary spindle of the gear workpiece of the present invention;

Fig. 5 is a schematic structural view of the vibration-transmitting mandrel of the present invention;

Fig. 6 is a structural schematic diagram of the luffing mandrel of the utility model;

Fig. 7 is a structural schematic diagram of a flange end cover of the present invention;

Fig. 8 is a perspective view of the utility model's outer support fixture;

Fig. 9 is a sectional view of Fig. 8;

Fig. 10 is the structural representation of the utility model graphite electric brush;

Fig. 11 is a structural schematic diagram of the rubber insulating sleeve of the present invention;

Fig. 12 is a schematic structural view of the ultrasonic precision gear hobbing machine of the present invention;

Fig. 13 is a schematic diagram of the position and structure of the ultrasonic precision gear hobbing device of the present invention on the gear hobbing machine;

Fig. 14 is a schematic diagram of the combined motion direction of the short thick cylindrical gear workpiece and the hob of the utility model;

Fig. 15 is a schematic diagram of the combined movement direction of the thin disk cylindrical gear workpiece and the hob of the utility model;

Fig. 16 is a schematic diagram of the combined movement direction of the medium-thick disc cylindrical gear workpiece and the hob of the utility model.

Detailed ways

Example 1

As shown in Fig. 1, Fig. 2, Fig. 3, Fig. 4, Fig. 5, Fig. 6, Fig. 7, Fig. 8, Fig. 9, Fig. 10 and Fig. 11, an ultrasonic precision hobbing device for gears consists of a gear workpiece rotating and The ultrasonic vibration composite spindle system consists of three parts: an external support fixing system and an ultrasonic power supply reversing system. The gear workpiece rotation and ultrasonic vibration composite spindle system includes a gear workpiece rotary spindle 1, a cylindrical transducer 2, and a vibration transmission mandrel. 3. The luffing mandrel 5 and the short and thick cylindrical gear workpiece 6 are provided with a bearing positioning step 101 in the middle of the outer surface of the gear workpiece rotary spindle 1 from top to bottom, and two rubber insulating sleeve installation grooves 102. The middle and lower part of the main shaft 1 is provided with four heat dissipation holes 103, and the four heat dissipation holes 103 are evenly distributed along the circumferential direction, and a groove 301 is arranged in the middle of the top of the vibration transmission mandrel 3, and the groove 301 is between the vibration transmission mandrel 3 and the transformer. When the amplitude mandrel 5 is assembled and connected, it plays a role of guiding and positioning. A clamping plane 302 is provided on the middle and upper part of the outer surface of the vibration transmitting mandrel 3. The clamping plane 302 is used for assembling and connecting the amplitude mandrel 5 and the vibration transmitting mandrel 3 Clamped by a fashion clip, a flange 303 is provided on the middle and upper part of the outer surface of the vibration-transmitting mandrel 3 below the clamping plane 302. The flange 303 is the longitudinal vibration displacement of the vibration node when the vibration-transmitting mandrel 3 resonates close to zero. It is used for the installation, connection and fastening of the vibration transmission mandrel 3 and the gear workpiece rotary spindle 1. A circumferential positioning boss 304 is provided under the flange 303, and the circumferential positioning boss 304 is used for the vibration transmission mandrel 3 and the gear. Circumferential positioning when the workpiece rotary spindle 1 is installed, connected and tightened, a center hole 501 is provided in the middle of the top of the luffing mandrel 5, and the tail tip of the support frame 30 is in the center hole 501 during ultrasonic precision hobbing during use, reducing For the rotation of the gear workpiece during processing and the deformation of the ultrasonic vibration composite spindle system, a clamping plane 502 is provided in the middle of the luffing mandrel 5, and the clamping plane 502 is used for mounting the luffing mandrel 5 and the vibration transmission mandrel 3. For clamping and clamping use, a guiding and positioning boss 503 is provided at the middle and lower part of the luffing mandrel 5, and the guiding and positioning boss 503 ensures the coaxiality requirements of the luffing mandrel 5 and the vibration transmission mandrel 3 after matching; the vibration transmission core Shaft 3 is inserted into the inside of the gear workpiece rotary spindle 1 and the flange 303 is fixed on the top of the gear workpiece rotary spindle 1 through the screw fixing assembly 4. The screw fixing assembly 4 is installed evenly every 60° along the circumference, and the cylindrical transducer 2 is located on the gear The workpiece rotary spindle 1 is at the same height as the cooling hole 103 and is connected to the lower end of the vibration transmission mandrel 3 through a precision fine thread, and the upper end of the vibration transmission mandrel 3 is connected to the lower end of the luffing mandrel 5 through a precision fine thread , and ensure that the guiding and positioning boss 503 is closely matched with the groove 301, so that the radial runout error of the luffing mandrel 5 is controlled within 0.005 mm, and the runout error of the end surface is controlled within 0.003 mm. The upper end of the luffing mandrel 5 passes through The nut fixing assembly 7 is connected with the gear workpiece 6;

The outer support fixing system includes an outer support fixing frame 16, an ultra-precision high-speed angular contact ball bearing 11, a felt ring oil seal 8 and a flange end cover 9, and the inner ring of the ultra-precision high-speed angular contact ball bearing 11 is installed on the rotating gear workpiece. On the bearing positioning step 101 of the main shaft 1, the outer ring of the ultra-precision high-speed angular contact ball bearing 11 is installed on the inner cylindrical surface positioning step of the outer support fixed frame 16, and the flange end cover 9 is fixed on the outer support fixed frame 16 by screws 10 On the end face, the felt ring oil seal 8 is installed between the flange end cover 9 and the rotary spindle 1 of the gear workpiece;

Described ultrasonic power commutation system comprises supersonic generator 17, two conductive copper rings 12, graphite electric brush 13, two rubber insulating sleeves 14 and insulated wire 15, and supersonic generator 17 is placed on the upper surface of outer supporting fixture 16 , two rubber insulating sleeves 14 are respectively installed in the two rubber insulating sleeve installation grooves 102 of the gear workpiece rotary spindle 1, two conductive copper rings 12 are respectively installed in the annular grooves of the two rubber insulating sleeves 14, and the two graphite electrical The brushes 13 respectively pass through the outer supporting fixture 16 and the contact arc surface of the graphite brush 13 is in strong and even contact with the cylindrical surface of the conductive copper ring 12, so as to complete the electric energy transmission between the ultrasonic generator 17 and the cylindrical transducer 2, and the electric energy The transmission route is successively: ultrasonic generator 17, graphite electric brush 13, conductive copper ring 12, insulated wire 15 and cylindrical transducer 2; the power line of ultrasonic generator 17 is connected with the outer end of graphite electric brush 13, and insulated wire 15 one ends link to each other with conductive copper ring 12, and the other end of insulated wire 15 links to each other with the binding post of cylindrical transducer 2, for preventing the twisting of ultrasonic generator 17 power cords, gear workpiece 6, gear workpiece rotary main shaft 1, column The shape transducer 2, the vibration-transmitting mandrel 3, and the luffing mandrel 5 rotate together at the same angular speed, and the outer support and fixation frame 16 is used to ensure that the outer support and fixation frame 16 and the graphite brush 13 are stationary relative to the gear hobbing machine workbench 19.

During ultrasonic precision hobbing, start the power switch of the ultrasonic generator 17, and the cylindrical transducer 2 converts the obtained ultrasonic signal into an ultrasonic mechanical vibration of about 10 μm through the internal hysteresis material, and then transmits it to the vibration transmission mandrel 3 After the ultrasonic mechanical vibration is concentrated and amplified by the luffing mandrel 5, it is transmitted to the tooth surface of the gear workpiece 6. While the gear workpiece is indexed and rotated, the ultrasonic mechanical vibration is also performed, and then the gear hob 25 is meshed and cut, The combination of feed motion completes the ultrasonic precision hobbing of gears.

The use method of the gear ultrasonic precision gear hobbing device in this embodiment: as shown in Figure 12 and Figure 13, the shaft end flange 104 at the bottom of the gear workpiece rotary spindle 1 is installed on the gear hobbing machine workbench 19 through the bolt nut gasket fixing assembly In the T-shaped groove of the rotary disc 20, bolts, nuts, and gaskets are fixedly installed along the circumference every 120°, and the outer support frame 16 is fixed in the T-shaped groove of the gear hobbing machine table 19 through the bolts, nuts, and gaskets. Input commands in the gear hobbing machine control panel 21 to control the sliding support frame 30 to slide on the small column slide rail 29, so that the top of the support frame 30 is in the center hole 501 of the upper end surface of the luffing mandrel 5, and the connecting beam 27 connects the column 22 It is connected with the small column 29 to ensure the rigidity of the system in the ultrasonic precision hobbing process, and then by inputting instructions into the control panel 21, the gear hob turret 23 is controlled to move on the column slide rail 26 to adjust the position of the gear hob 25 , to achieve alignment with the gear workpiece 6; adjust the gear hobbing machine through the indexing worm pair 32 on the bed 18 to make the gear hob 25 and the gear workpiece 6 rotate speed ratio equal to the ratio of the number of teeth of the gear workpiece 6 to the number of gear hobs 25 heads; through the bed The slide rail 31 on the body 18 drives the column 22 to realize the radial feed movement, and the gear hob turret 23 is driven by the column slide rail 26 on the column 22 to realize the axial feed movement; the gear hob 25 and the gear The meshing and cutting motion of the workpiece 6 conforms to the meshing principle of the helical gear, and the two complete the meshing and cutting motion of the involute cylindrical gear with crossed axes to realize the ultrasonic precision hobbing of the gear. To achieve the purpose of prolonging the service life of the hob, improving the roughness of the tooth surface, improving the machining accuracy of the gear hobbing, improving the microscopic cutting texture of the tooth surface, reducing noise and improving wear resistance.

The gear workpiece 6 in this embodiment may be a thin disc gear workpiece, a medium-thick disc gear workpiece or a short and thick cylindrical gear workpiece.

The ultrasonic vibration mode of the thin disc gear workpiece 6 and the specific feeding method of the gear hob 25 are as follows: see Figure 14, when the thin disc gear workpiece 6 is ultrasonically precision hobbed, the gear workpiece 6 is rotated while completing the index rotation. 20kHz radial ultrasonic vibration, gear hob 25 radial feed;

The ultrasonic vibration mode of the medium-thick disc gear workpiece 6 and the specific feeding method of the gear hob 25 are as follows: See Figure 15. During the ultrasonic precision hobbing of the medium-thick disc gear workpiece 6, the gear workpiece 6 is rotated while completing the index rotation. 20kHz pitch circle transverse bending ultrasonic vibration, gear hob 25 radial-axial combined feed;

The ultrasonic vibration mode of the short and thick cylindrical gear workpiece 6 and the specific feeding method of the gear hob 25 are as follows: see Figure 16. During the ultrasonic precision hobbing of the short and thick cylindrical gear workpiece 6, the gear workpiece 6 performs a 20 kHz frequency while completing the indexing rotation. Longitudinal ultrasonic vibration, the gear hob 25 is axially fed in segments.

Claims (2)

1. A gear ultrasonic precision hobbing device is characterized in that: it is composed of three parts: the rotation of the gear workpiece and the composite spindle system of ultrasonic vibration, the external support fixing system and the reversing system of the ultrasonic power supply, and the rotation of the gear workpiece and the composite of ultrasonic vibration The spindle system includes a gear workpiece rotary spindle (1), a cylindrical transducer (2), a vibration transmission mandrel (3), an amplitude mandrel (5) and a gear workpiece (6). The gear workpiece rotary spindle (1) The middle part of the outer surface is sequentially provided with bearing positioning steps (101), two rubber insulating sleeve installation grooves (102), and four cooling holes (103) are opened in the middle and lower part of the gear workpiece rotary spindle (1). A groove (301) is provided in the middle of the top of the vibration transmission mandrel (3), and a clamping plane (302) is provided on the middle and upper part of the outer surface of the vibration transmission mandrel (3). The middle and upper part of the surface is located below the clamping plane (302), and a flange (303) is provided, and an axial positioning boss (304) is provided below the flange (303), and the top middle of the luffing mandrel (5) A central hole (501) is provided, a clamping plane (502) is provided in the middle of the luffing mandrel (5), and a guiding and positioning boss (503) is provided at the middle and lower part of the luffing mandrel (5); The mandrel (3) is inserted into the inside of the gear workpiece rotary spindle (1) and the flange (303) is fixed on the top of the gear workpiece rotary spindle (1) by a screw fixing assembly (4), and the screw fixing assembly (4) is rotated every 60° along the circumference. The cylindrical transducer (2) is located at the same height as the heat dissipation hole (103) in the rotary spindle (1) of the gear workpiece, and is connected to the lower end of the vibration-transmitting mandrel (3) through a precision fine thread. The upper end of the vibrating mandrel (3) is connected with the lower end of the luffing mandrel (5) through a precision fine-tooth thread, and the guiding positioning boss (503) is closely matched with the groove (301), and the luffing mandrel (5 ) The upper end is connected with the gear workpiece (6) through the nut fixing assembly (7); The outer support fixing system includes an outer support fixing frame (16), an ultra-precision high-speed angular contact ball bearing (11), a felt ring oil seal (8) and a flange end cover (9), an ultra-precision high-speed angular contact ball bearing ( The inner ring of 11) is installed on the bearing positioning step (101) of the gear workpiece rotary spindle (1), and the outer ring of the ultra-precision high-speed angular contact ball bearing (11) is installed on the inner cylindrical surface positioning step of the outer support fixture (16) Above, the flange end cover (9) is fixed on the upper end surface of the outer support bracket (16) by screws (10), and the felt ring oil seal (8) is installed on the flange end cover (9) and the gear workpiece rotary spindle (1) between; The ultrasonic power commutation system includes ultrasonic generator (17), two conductive copper rings (12), two graphite brushes (13), two rubber insulating sleeves (14) and insulated wires (15), ultrasonic The generator (17) is placed on the upper surface of the outer support fixture (16), and the two rubber insulating sleeves (14) are respectively installed in the two rubber insulating sleeve mounting grooves (102) of the gear workpiece rotary spindle (1), and the two The conductive copper rings (12) are respectively installed in the annular grooves of the two rubber insulating sleeves (14), and the two graphite electric brushes (13) respectively pass through the outer support fixing frame (16) and the contacts of the graphite electric brushes (13) The outer cylindrical surface of the cylindrical surface and the conductive copper ring (12) maintains strong and even contact; the power line of the ultrasonic generator (17) is connected with the outer end of the graphite electric brush (13), and one end of the insulated wire (15) is connected with the conductive copper ring ( 12) are connected, and the other end of the insulated wire (15) is connected with the terminal of the cylindrical transducer (2). 2. A gear ultrasonic precision hobbing device according to claim 1, characterized in that: the gear workpiece (6) can be a thin disc gear workpiece, a medium-thick disc gear workpiece or a short and thick cylindrical gear workpiece.