CN204188724U - A kind of on-line measurement device of electric power system surge protector insulation resistance - Google Patents
A kind of on-line measurement device of electric power system surge protector insulation resistance Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本实用新型公开一种供电系统电涌保护器绝缘电阻的在线测量装置，包括可调直流高压源、电抗器、电压检测单元和第一～第三基准电阻，电抗器包括第一～第三电感，第一～第三电感的一端一一对应连接供电系统中的三相火线，第一～第三电感的另一端以及供电系统中的中线均经第一基准电阻与可调直流高压源的正输出端相连，可调直流高压源的正输出端经第二基准电阻后接地，可调直流高压源的负输出端经第三基准电阻后接地，电压检测单元的正输入端连接供电系统中的中线，电压检测单元的负输入端接地，电涌保护器的接地端断开地后与可调直流高压源的负输出端相连。通过测量电涌保护器绝缘电阻的大小，判断电涌保护器的老化、劣化情况，分析其工作状况。
The utility model discloses an on-line measuring device for the insulation resistance of a power supply system surge protector, which comprises an adjustable DC high voltage source, a reactor, a voltage detection unit and first to third reference resistors, and the reactor comprises first to third inductances One end of the first to third inductors is connected to the three-phase live wires in the power supply system one by one, and the other end of the first to third inductors and the neutral line in the power supply system are connected to the positive voltage of the adjustable DC high voltage source through the first reference resistor. The output terminals are connected, the positive output terminal of the adjustable DC high voltage source is grounded after passing through the second reference resistor, the negative output terminal of the adjustable DC high voltage source is grounded after passing through the third reference resistor, and the positive input terminal of the voltage detection unit is connected to the The neutral line, the negative input terminal of the voltage detection unit is grounded, and the ground terminal of the surge protector is disconnected from the ground and connected to the negative output terminal of the adjustable DC high voltage source. By measuring the insulation resistance of the surge protector, judge the aging and deterioration of the surge protector, and analyze its working condition.
Description
技术领域technical field
本实用新型属于雷电科学与技术领域，特别涉及了一种供电系统电涌保护器绝缘电阻的在线测量装置。The utility model belongs to the field of lightning science and technology, in particular to an on-line measuring device for the insulation resistance of a surge protector in a power supply system.
背景技术Background technique
电涌保护器安装在供电线路中，长时间在线路电压或过电压的作用下，电涌保护器中元器件出现老化和绝缘性能下降等现象。当绝缘性能下降，电涌保护器失去释放雷电波的能量及抑制雷电过电压的功能，绝缘电阻变小、泄露电流变大，甚至影响输电系统的正常运行，因此对运行中的电涌保护器的绝缘性能的检测是非常重要的。The surge protector is installed in the power supply line. Under the action of line voltage or overvoltage for a long time, the components in the surge protector will age and the insulation performance will decline. When the insulation performance declines, the surge protector loses the function of releasing the energy of lightning waves and suppressing lightning overvoltage, the insulation resistance becomes smaller, the leakage current becomes larger, and even affects the normal operation of the power transmission system. Therefore, the surge protector in operation The detection of insulation performance is very important.
电涌保护器的绝缘电阻测试方法是在实验室进行测试的，在线检测电涌保护器的绝缘电阻目前还没有相应的检测设备。高压设备绝缘电阻在线检测的方法有：直流分量法，低频重叠法，介质损耗角因数测量法、局部放电法和接地电流法，但是实验表明，这些方法都不适合于电涌保护器的在线绝缘电阻检测。The insulation resistance test method of the surge protector is tested in the laboratory, and there is no corresponding testing equipment for online detection of the insulation resistance of the surge protector. The methods for online detection of insulation resistance of high-voltage equipment include: DC component method, low-frequency overlapping method, dielectric loss angle factor measurement method, partial discharge method and grounding current method, but experiments show that these methods are not suitable for online insulation of surge protectors. Resistance detection.
实用新型内容Utility model content
为了解决上述背景技术提到的技术问题，本实用新型旨在提供一种供电系统电涌保护器绝缘电阻的在线测量装置，用于供电系统中电涌保护器的绝缘性能的在线测试，通过测量电涌保护器绝缘电阻的大小，判断电涌保护器的老化、劣化情况，从而分析其工作状况。In order to solve the technical problems mentioned in the above-mentioned background technology, the utility model aims to provide an online measurement device for the insulation resistance of surge protectors in power supply systems, which is used for online testing of the insulation performance of surge protectors in power supply systems. By measuring The size of the insulation resistance of the surge protector can judge the aging and deterioration of the surge protector, so as to analyze its working condition.
为了实现上述技术目的，本实用新型的技术方案为：In order to realize above-mentioned technical purpose, the technical scheme of the utility model is:
一种供电系统电涌保护器绝缘电阻的在线测量装置，用于测量供电系统中电涌保护器的绝缘电阻值，包括可调直流高压源、电抗器、电压检测单元以及第一～第三基准电阻，所述电抗器包括第一～第三电感，所述第一～第三电感的一端一一对应连接供电系统中的三相火线，第一～第三电感的另一端以及供电系统中的中线均经第一基准电阻与可调直流高压源的正输出端相连，所述可调直流高压源的正输出端经第二基准电阻后接地，可调直流高压源的负输出端经第三基准电阻后接地，所述电压检测单元包含正、负输入端，电压检测单元的正输入端连接供电系统中的中线，电压检测单元的负输入端接地，所述电涌保护器的接地端断开地后与可调直流高压源的负输出端相连。An online measuring device for the insulation resistance of a surge protector in a power supply system, used to measure the insulation resistance value of a surge protector in a power supply system, including an adjustable DC high voltage source, a reactor, a voltage detection unit, and first to third references The reactor includes first to third inductances, one end of the first to third inductances is connected to the three-phase live wires in the power supply system in one-to-one correspondence, and the other ends of the first to third inductances are connected to the The neutral lines are all connected to the positive output terminal of the adjustable DC high voltage source through the first reference resistor, the positive output terminal of the adjustable DC high voltage source is grounded after passing through the second reference resistor, and the negative output terminal of the adjustable DC high voltage source is connected through the third After the reference resistor is grounded, the voltage detection unit includes positive and negative input terminals, the positive input terminal of the voltage detection unit is connected to the neutral line in the power supply system, the negative input terminal of the voltage detection unit is grounded, and the ground terminal of the surge protector is disconnected After the ground is opened, it is connected to the negative output terminal of the adjustable DC high voltage source.
其中，上述电压检测单元包括依次连接的取样电阻、低通滤波器、直流放大电路和直流电压表，所述取样电阻的两端分别作为电压检测单元的正、负输入端。Wherein, the above-mentioned voltage detection unit includes a sampling resistor, a low-pass filter, a DC amplifier circuit and a DC voltmeter connected in sequence, and the two ends of the sampling resistor are respectively used as positive and negative input terminals of the voltage detection unit.
其中，上述可调直流高压源的电压输出范围是0～5kV。Wherein, the voltage output range of the above-mentioned adjustable DC high voltage source is 0-5kV.
其中，上述第一基准电阻为兆欧级电阻。Wherein, the above-mentioned first reference resistor is a megohm-level resistor.
其中，上述第二、第三基准电阻均为千欧级电阻。Wherein, the above-mentioned second and third reference resistors are kilohm-level resistors.
采用上述技术方案带来的有益效果：The beneficial effect brought by adopting the above-mentioned technical scheme:
(1)本实用新型利用直流电桥法的原理，在运行的供电线路上，施加某一直流电压，通过测量流过两桥臂间不平衡电压的大小计算出电涌保护器的绝缘阻值，根据绝缘电阻值的大小可以判断电涌保护器的绝缘变化趋势，及时发现绝缘故障隐患，减少因绝缘性能造成的损失，其测试电路的结构简单、性能稳定可靠，具有操作方便、测量数据准确、精度高等特点；(1) The utility model utilizes the principle of the DC bridge method, applies a certain DC voltage on the running power supply line, and calculates the insulation resistance of the surge protector by measuring the size of the unbalanced voltage flowing through the two bridge arms, According to the size of the insulation resistance value, the insulation change trend of the surge protector can be judged, the hidden danger of insulation failure can be found in time, and the loss caused by insulation performance can be reduced. The structure of the test circuit is simple, the performance is stable and reliable, and it has the advantages of convenient operation, accurate measurement data, Features such as high precision;
(2)本实用新型采用电抗器隔离的在线测试技术，对供电设备不产生任何影响，且受供电系统电源的影响较小。(2) The utility model adopts the on-line test technology of reactor isolation, which does not have any impact on the power supply equipment, and is less affected by the power supply of the power supply system.
(3)本实用新型测量范围大，应用范围广，绝缘电阻的范围可达到几千兆欧，适用低压和高压设备的绝缘电阻的测试。(3) The utility model has a large measurement range and a wide application range, and the insulation resistance range can reach several gigaohms, and is suitable for testing the insulation resistance of low-voltage and high-voltage equipment.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1为本实用新型的结构示意图；Fig. 1 is the structural representation of the utility model;
图2为本实用新型中可调直流高压源的结构示意图；Fig. 2 is the structural representation of the adjustable DC high voltage source in the utility model;
图3为本实用新型中电压检测单元的结构框图；Fig. 3 is the structural block diagram of the voltage detection unit in the utility model;
图4为本实用新型的具体电路连接图；Fig. 4 is the concrete circuit connection diagram of the present utility model;
图5为图4的等效电路图。FIG. 5 is an equivalent circuit diagram of FIG. 4 .
标号说明：R1～R3：第一～第三基准电压，Rx：电涌保护器的绝缘电阻，R：供电线路内阻、电抗器的内阻与保护线PE线间电阻的等效电阻，L：电抗器电感及供电线路的分布电感的等效电感。Explanation of labels: R1～R3: first to third reference voltages, Rx: insulation resistance of surge protector, R: internal resistance of power supply line, internal resistance of reactor and equivalent resistance between protective line PE line resistance, L : The equivalent inductance of the reactor inductance and the distributed inductance of the power supply line.
具体实施方式Detailed ways
以下将结合附图，对本实用新型的技术方案进行详细说明。The technical solutions of the present utility model will be described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.
如图1所示本实用新型的结构示意图，一种供电系统电涌保护器绝缘电阻的在线测量装置，用于测量供电系统中电涌保护器的绝缘电阻值，包括可调直流高压源、电抗器、电压检测单元以及第一～第三基准电阻R1～R3，所述电抗器包括第一～第三电感，所述第一～第三电感R1～R3的一端一一对应连接供电系统中的三相火线，第一～第三电感的另一端以及供电系统中的中线均经第一基准电阻R1与可调直流高压源的正输出端相连，所述可调直流高压源的正输出端经第二基准电阻R2后接地，可调直流高压源的负输出端经第三基准电阻R3后接地，所述电压检测单元包含正、负输入端，电压检测单元的正输入端连接供电系统中的中线，电压检测单元的负输入端接地。当进行在线测量时，将电涌保护器的接地端断开地后与可调直流高压源的负输出端相连。所述电抗器的功能是隔交流电、通直流电，内部电感由线圈绕在高导磁的环形铁氧体上构成，铁氧体的相对导磁率为2000，电感量为10H，直流内阻为200Ω。在本实施例中，第一基准电阻R1为兆欧级电阻，第二基准电阻R2、第三基准电阻R3均为千欧级电阻。As shown in Figure 1, the structure diagram of the utility model is an on-line measuring device for the insulation resistance of the surge protector in the power supply system, which is used to measure the insulation resistance value of the surge protector in the power supply system, including adjustable DC high voltage source, reactance reactor, a voltage detection unit, and first to third reference resistors R1 to R3, the reactors include first to third inductances, and one end of the first to third inductances R1 to R3 is connected to the power supply system in one-to-one correspondence The three-phase live wire, the other ends of the first to third inductors and the neutral line in the power supply system are all connected to the positive output end of the adjustable DC high voltage source through the first reference resistor R1, and the positive output end of the adjustable DC high voltage source is passed through The second reference resistor R2 is then grounded, and the negative output terminal of the adjustable DC high voltage source is grounded after passing through the third reference resistor R3. The voltage detection unit includes positive and negative input terminals, and the positive input terminal of the voltage detection unit is connected to the power supply system. The neutral line, the negative input terminal of the voltage detection unit is grounded. When performing online measurement, disconnect the ground terminal of the surge protector and connect it to the negative output terminal of the adjustable DC high voltage source. The function of the reactor is to block alternating current and pass direct current. The internal inductance is composed of a coil wound on a ring ferrite with high magnetic permeability. The relative magnetic permeability of the ferrite is 2000, the inductance is 10H, and the DC internal resistance is 200Ω. . In this embodiment, the first reference resistor R1 is a megohm-level resistor, and the second reference resistor R2 and the third reference resistor R3 are kilohm-level resistors.
如图2所示本实用新型中可调直流高压源的结构示意图，0～5kV的直流高压源外接电位器和24V直流电源。24V直流电源24V的直流能量加在直流高压源后，直流高压源中高频振荡电路将直流能量转换成高压交流能量，再进行整流滤波，输出直流高压，通过调节电位器阻值可以使输出电压在0～5kV范围内变化。As shown in Figure 2, the structural diagram of the adjustable DC high voltage source in the utility model, the DC high voltage source of 0-5kV is externally connected with a potentiometer and a 24V DC power supply. 24V DC power supply 24V DC energy is added to the DC high-voltage source, and the high-frequency oscillation circuit in the DC high-voltage source converts the DC energy into high-voltage AC energy, and then performs rectification and filtering to output DC high voltage. The output voltage can be adjusted by adjusting the resistance of the potentiometer. Change within the range of 0 ~ 5kV.
如图3所示本实用新型中电压检测单元的结构框图，它包括依次连接的取样电阻、低通滤波器、直流放大电路和直流电压表。其工作原理是，将取样电阻取得的电压信号通过低通滤波器电路滤除电源谐波成份，送到直流放大器电路进行放大，将放大的直流电压信号送到直流电压表显示，直接可以换算出电涌保护器的绝缘电阻值。As shown in Figure 3, the structural block diagram of the voltage detection unit in the utility model includes a sampling resistor, a low-pass filter, a DC amplifier circuit and a DC voltmeter connected in sequence. Its working principle is that the voltage signal obtained by the sampling resistor is filtered through the low-pass filter circuit to filter out the harmonic components of the power supply, and sent to the DC amplifier circuit for amplification, and the amplified DC voltage signal is sent to the DC voltmeter for display, which can be converted directly The insulation resistance value of the surge protector.
如图4所示本实用新型的具体电路连接图，在本实施例中，供电系统采用低压输电线路典型供电结构，L1、L2、L3为三相火线，N为中线，PE为接地保护线，VA、VB、VC为三相线的等效电压源，Ra、Rb、Rc、RN为输电线的等效电阻，La、Lb、Lc、LN为输电线路的等效电感。负载接三相线与中线，电涌保护器安装在供电线路上。As shown in Figure 4, the specific circuit connection diagram of the utility model, in this embodiment, the power supply system adopts a typical power supply structure of a low-voltage transmission line, L1, L2, L3 are three-phase live wires, N is a neutral line, and PE is a grounding protection line. VA, VB, VC are equivalent voltage sources of three-phase lines, Ra, Rb, Rc, RN are equivalent resistances of transmission lines, La, Lb, Lc, LN are equivalent inductances of transmission lines. The load is connected to the three-phase line and the neutral line, and the surge protector is installed on the power supply line.
如图5所示图4的等效电路图，Rx是电涌保护器的绝缘电阻，L为电抗器电感及供电线路的分布电感的等效电感，R是供电线路内阻、电抗器的内阻与保护线PE线间电阻的等效电阻，其值大小主要取决于电抗器的内阻。R1、R2、R3、Rx组成直流电桥。利用电压检测单元测量第一基准电阻与电涌保护器绝缘电阻公共端的电压Ug。在测量绝缘电阻时，不考虑L的影响，当电桥平衡时，电涌保护器的绝缘电阻为：式中UR2、UR3分别是电阻R2、R3两端的电压。当电桥不平衡时，并且R2、R3和R1远远小于绝缘电阻Rx和R的值，则电涌保护器绝缘电阻的值为：式中U0为可调直流高压源的输出电压，因此可以通过测量Ug的值来计算出绝缘电阻的值。As shown in Figure 5, the equivalent circuit diagram of Figure 4, Rx is the insulation resistance of the surge protector, L is the equivalent inductance of the reactor inductance and the distributed inductance of the power supply line, R is the internal resistance of the power supply line, and the internal resistance of the reactor The equivalent resistance of the protection line PE interline resistance mainly depends on the internal resistance of the reactor. R1, R2, R3, and Rx form a DC bridge. The voltage Ug at the common end of the first reference resistor and the insulation resistor of the surge protector is measured by the voltage detection unit. When measuring the insulation resistance, regardless of the influence of L, when the bridge is balanced, the insulation resistance of the surge protector is: In the formula, U R2 and U R3 are the voltages at both ends of the resistors R2 and R3 respectively. When the bridge is unbalanced, and R2, R3 and R1 are much smaller than the values of the insulation resistance Rx and R, the value of the insulation resistance of the surge protector is: In the formula, U 0 is the output voltage of the adjustable DC high voltage source, so the value of insulation resistance can be calculated by measuring the value of Ug.
以上实施例仅为说明本实用新型的技术思想，不能以此限定本实用新型的保护范围，凡是按照本实用新型提出的技术思想，在技术方案基础上所做的任何改动，均落入本实用新型保护范围之内。The above embodiments are only to illustrate the technical ideas of the utility model, and cannot limit the protection scope of the utility model with this. Any changes made on the basis of the technical solutions according to the technical ideas proposed by the utility model all fall into the scope of the utility model. within the scope of the new protection.
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN104375031A (en) * | 2014-11-10 | 2015-02-25 | 南京信息工程大学 | On-line measurement device for power supply system surge protection device insulation resistance |
| CN112600425A (en) * | 2020-12-02 | 2021-04-02 | 南京民联仪器制造有限公司 | Low-current controllable rectifier working in ultralow-frequency dielectric loss measuring device and rectification control method thereof |
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN104375031A (en) * | 2014-11-10 | 2015-02-25 | 南京信息工程大学 | On-line measurement device for power supply system surge protection device insulation resistance |
| CN112600425A (en) * | 2020-12-02 | 2021-04-02 | 南京民联仪器制造有限公司 | Low-current controllable rectifier working in ultralow-frequency dielectric loss measuring device and rectification control method thereof |
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