CN204005957U - A kind of cooperation-removal system that realizes the minimum discharge of coal steam-electric plant smoke multi-pollutant - Google Patents
A kind of cooperation-removal system that realizes the minimum discharge of coal steam-electric plant smoke multi-pollutant Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
一种实现火电厂烟气多污染物超低排放的协同脱除系统,烟气冷却器、高效除尘器、高效湿法脱硫系统、湿式电除尘器组成的协同除尘系统可使烟囱中的总颗粒物排放控制在5mg/m3以内。选择性催化还原脱硝系统、高效除尘器、高效湿法脱硫系统、湿式电除尘器构成的协同脱汞系统能够实现烟囱处的烟气中汞的排放浓度低于6μg/m3。通过低氮燃烧器、选择性非催化还原脱硝系统、选择性催化还原脱硝系统组成的高效脱硝系统可将NOx浓度控制到50mg/m3以内。采用双级循环双塔石灰石-石膏湿法脱硫系统,取消回转式气气换热器,避免原烟气向净烟气的泄露,可将烟气中SO2浓度控制在35mg/m3以内。另外,本实用新型整体投资水平低,可将烟气中的余热进行回收降低能耗。
A collaborative dedusting system that realizes ultra-low emission of multi-pollutants in the flue gas of a thermal power plant. Emissions are controlled within 5mg/m 3 . The coordinated mercury removal system composed of selective catalytic reduction denitration system, high-efficiency dust collector, high-efficiency wet desulfurization system, and wet electrostatic precipitator can achieve a mercury emission concentration of less than 6 μg/m 3 in the flue gas at the chimney. The high-efficiency denitrification system composed of low nitrogen burner, selective non-catalytic reduction denitrification system and selective catalytic reduction denitrification system can control the NOx concentration to within 50mg/ m3 . The dual-stage circulation and twin-tower limestone-gypsum wet desulfurization system is adopted, and the rotary gas-gas heat exchanger is eliminated to avoid the leakage of the original flue gas to the clean flue gas, and the SO 2 concentration in the flue gas can be controlled within 35mg/m 3 . In addition, the overall investment level of the utility model is low, and waste heat in the flue gas can be recovered to reduce energy consumption.
Description
技术领域technical field
本实用新型属于大气污染物的脱除领域,具体涉及一种实现火电厂烟气多污染物超低排放的协同脱除系统。The utility model belongs to the field of removal of atmospheric pollutants, in particular to a coordinated removal system for realizing ultra-low emission of multi-pollutants in flue gas of a thermal power plant.
背景技术Background technique
继国务院印发大气污染防治行动计划的通知国发〔2013〕37号《大气污染防治行动计划》后,近期国家又密集出台了一系列环保政策:国家能源局于1月23日发布《加强能源行业大气污染防治工作方案》,《燃煤发电机组环保电价及环保设施运行监管办法》已于2014年5月1日起实施,新版《火电厂大气污染物排放标准》将于7月1日实施,环保部公告2013年第14号要求重点控制区火电行业燃煤机组将于2014年7月1日执行烟尘特别排放限值,《中华人民共和国环境保护法》将于2015年1月1日实施。Following the announcement of the State Council on Air Pollution Prevention and Control Action Plan Guofa [2013] No. 37 "Air Pollution Prevention and Control Action Plan", the state has recently introduced a series of environmental protection policies: the National Energy Administration issued "Strengthening the Energy Industry" on January 23. The Air Pollution Prevention and Control Work Plan, the Measures for the Supervision of Environmental Protection Electricity Prices for Coal-fired Generating Sets and the Operation of Environmental Protection Facilities have been implemented since May 1, 2014, and the new version of the "Emission Standards of Air Pollutants for Thermal Power Plants" will be implemented on July 1. Announcement No. 14 of 2013 by the Ministry of Environmental Protection requires coal-fired units in the thermal power industry in key control areas to implement special smoke and dust emission limits on July 1, 2014, and the "Environmental Protection Law of the People's Republic of China" will be implemented on January 1, 2015.
部分地方政府也相继出台更严厉的环保要求:广州、山东(淄博)、陕西(关中)、河北(邯郸)、新疆(阜康)等地要求区域内燃煤机组执行特别排放限值;浙江现役600MW等级及以上燃煤机组需在2017年前达到燃机排放标准(二氧化硫35mg/m3、氮氧化物50mg/m3、烟尘5mg/m3)。Some local governments have also introduced more stringent environmental protection requirements: Guangzhou, Shandong (Zibo), Shaanxi (Guanzhong), Hebei (Handan), Xinjiang (Fukang) and other places require coal-fired units in the region to implement special emission limits; Coal-fired units of 600MW and above must meet gas turbine emission standards (sulfur dioxide 35mg/m 3 , nitrogen oxides 50mg/m 3 , smoke and dust 5mg/m 3 ) before 2017.
国内环保要求日趋严格,燃煤机组实施清洁化生产大势所趋,特别排放限值甚至燃机标准有可能成为燃煤机组下阶段的排放要求,燃煤电厂满足天然气电厂的排放要求是一个发展趋势。Domestic environmental protection requirements are becoming increasingly stringent. Clean production of coal-fired units is the general trend. Special emission limits and even gas turbine standards may become the emission requirements for coal-fired units in the next stage. It is a development trend for coal-fired power plants to meet the emission requirements of natural gas power plants.
目前,脱硝技术主要包括低氮燃烧器、选择性非催化还原脱硝(SNCR)及选择性催化还原脱硝(SCR)等方法;新建锅炉采用低氮燃烧器或现役锅炉进行低氮燃烧器改造后,炉膛出口NOx排放都有不同程度的降低。但是,采用低氮燃烧技术可能对锅炉运行性能产生一些影响:锅炉燃烧效率可能降低,引起燃烧器区域水冷壁受热面的结渣与腐蚀加剧等问题。SNCR脱硝系统在实际应用中存在的主要问题是脱硝效率不高(约为15%~50%),而且锅炉容量越大,SNCR脱硝效率越低。另外,尿素利用率低(约15%~30%),尿素消耗量较大导致氨逃逸较高(约5~10ppm)。单独采用SNCR脱硝时,氨逃逸与烟气中的SO3反应生成的硫酸氢铵将导致空预器受热面的沾污积灰与堵塞问题。中国几乎所有火电厂都安装了除尘装置,而WFGD也成为中国火电厂脱硫的主要技术。湿法脱硫还要消耗大量的水资源,必须平衡燃煤电厂脱硫系统与水资源和脱硫剂资源(如石灰石资源)的供应问题,同时解决硫资源化利用和湿烟囱问题。在除尘方面,需要平衡除尘器与脱硫的整体优化组合,以取得技术经济的除尘效果,节省投资与运行成本。At present, denitrification technologies mainly include low nitrogen burners, selective non-catalytic reduction denitrification (SNCR) and selective catalytic reduction denitrification (SCR) methods; new boilers adopt low nitrogen burners or existing boilers are retrofitted with low nitrogen burners, The NO x emission at the furnace outlet has been reduced to varying degrees. However, the adoption of low-nitrogen combustion technology may have some impact on boiler performance: boiler combustion efficiency may be reduced, causing problems such as slagging and corrosion on the heating surface of the water wall in the burner area. The main problem of the SNCR denitrification system in practical application is that the denitrification efficiency is not high (about 15% to 50%), and the larger the boiler capacity, the lower the SNCR denitrification efficiency. In addition, the utilization rate of urea is low (about 15%-30%), and the large consumption of urea leads to high ammonia slip (about 5-10ppm). When SNCR denitrification is used alone, ammonium bisulfate generated by the reaction of ammonia escape and SO 3 in the flue gas will cause contamination, ash, and blockage of the heating surface of the air preheater. Almost all thermal power plants in China have installed dust removal devices, and WFGD has also become the main technology for desulfurization in thermal power plants in China. Wet desulfurization also consumes a large amount of water resources. It is necessary to balance the desulfurization system of coal-fired power plants with the supply of water resources and desulfurization agent resources (such as limestone resources), and at the same time solve the problem of sulfur resource utilization and wet chimneys. In terms of dust removal, it is necessary to balance the overall optimal combination of dust collectors and desulfurization to achieve technical and economical dust removal effects and save investment and operating costs.
国际上研究燃煤烟气多污染物协同控制是一种新的技术动向,烟气多污染物治理系统集成控制是主要方向。针对国家火电厂环保排放标准中的四个主要污染物:NOx、烟尘、SO2以及将来要严格控制的剧毒污染物汞,火电机组需要采取一系列的深层次的环保措施来保证各污染物的超低排放。Internationally, it is a new technological trend to study the coordinated control of multi-pollutants in coal-fired flue gas, and the integrated control of flue gas multi-pollutant treatment systems is the main direction. For the four main pollutants in the national thermal power plant environmental protection emission standards: NOx, soot, SO 2 and the highly toxic pollutant mercury that will be strictly controlled in the future, thermal power units need to take a series of in-depth environmental protection measures to ensure that each pollutant ultra-low emissions.
实用新型内容Utility model content
本实用新型的目的在于提供一种可实现火电厂烟气多污染物超低排放的协同脱除系统。The purpose of the utility model is to provide a cooperative removal system that can realize ultra-low emission of multi-pollutants in the flue gas of a thermal power plant.
为了达到上述目的,本实用新型采用的技术方案是:包括依次串联的低氮燃烧器、选择性非催化还原脱硝系统、选择性催化还原脱硝系统、高效除尘器、高效湿法脱硫系统以及湿式电除尘器。In order to achieve the above-mentioned purpose, the technical solution adopted by the utility model is: including low-nitrogen burners connected in series, selective non-catalytic reduction denitrification system, selective catalytic reduction denitrification system, high-efficiency dust collector, high-efficiency wet desulfurization system and wet electric dust collector.
所述的高效除尘器和高效湿法脱硫系统之间设有引风机。An induced draft fan is arranged between the high-efficiency dust collector and the high-efficiency wet desulfurization system.
所述的引风机为双级动叶可调轴流风机。The induced draft fan is a two-stage axial flow fan with adjustable blades.
所述的选择性非催化还原脱硝系统的出口脱硝烟道上设有多个有特征的喷嘴。The outlet denitrification flue of the selective non-catalytic reduction denitrification system is provided with a plurality of characteristic nozzles.
所述的选择性催化还原脱硝系统的出口设有空气预热器,空气预热器和高效除尘器之间设有烟气冷却器,湿式电除尘器的出口设有烟气再热器,且烟气冷却器的吸热端与烟气再热器的放热端形成回路。The outlet of the selective catalytic reduction denitrification system is provided with an air preheater, a flue gas cooler is provided between the air preheater and the high-efficiency dust collector, and a flue gas reheater is provided at the outlet of the wet electrostatic precipitator, and The heat absorbing end of the flue gas cooler forms a loop with the heat releasing end of the flue gas reheater.
所述的烟气再热器的出口与烟囱相连。The outlet of the flue gas reheater is connected with the chimney.
所述的高效湿法脱硫系统由串联在一起的一级石灰石-石膏湿法脱硫系统和二级石灰石-石膏湿法脱硫系统组成,且一级石灰石-石膏湿法脱硫系统和二级石灰石-石膏湿法脱硫系统的吸收塔内均安装有塔内积液板以及管式除雾器,一级石灰石-石膏湿法脱硫系统的吸收塔的入口处设有烟气冷却器,电除尘器的出口与一级石灰石-石膏湿法脱硫系统的吸收塔的入口相连,二级石灰石-石膏湿法脱硫系统的吸收塔出口与湿式电除尘器相连。The high-efficiency wet desulfurization system consists of a primary limestone-gypsum wet desulfurization system and a secondary limestone-gypsum wet desulfurization system connected in series, and the primary limestone-gypsum wet desulfurization system and the secondary limestone-gypsum wet desulfurization system The absorption tower of the wet desulfurization system is equipped with a liquid accumulation plate and a tube type demister. The entrance of the absorption tower of the first-grade limestone-gypsum wet desulfurization system is equipped with a flue gas cooler, and the outlet of the electrostatic precipitator It is connected with the inlet of the absorption tower of the primary limestone-gypsum wet desulfurization system, and the outlet of the absorption tower of the secondary limestone-gypsum wet desulfurization system is connected with the wet electrostatic precipitator.
与现有技术相比,本实用新型的有益效果在于:Compared with the prior art, the utility model has the beneficial effects of:
1、本实用新型将选择性非催化还原脱硝系统的SNCR脱硝技术和选择性催化还原脱硝系统的SCR脱硝技术,并结合低氮燃烧器的低氮燃烧技术,以实现电厂中烟气的深度脱硝,同时,高效除尘器、高效湿法脱硫系统、湿式电除尘器组成协同除尘系统,其中,高效除尘器能够有效降低粉尘比电阻,提高除尘效率,将高效除尘器出口烟尘浓度控制在30mg/m3以内。湿式电除尘器布置在湿法脱硫装置后,作为最后一级除尘设备,在湿式电除尘器中,液体流过集尘板并从其表面除去所吸附的物质,能有效脱除烟气中的SO3酸雾、烟气携带的石膏雨等细微颗粒物以及PM2.5与氧化汞等污染物,烟囱中排放烟气中总颗粒物排放可控制在5mg/m3以内。另外,选择性催化还原脱硝系统、高效除尘器、高效湿法脱硫系统、湿式电除尘器构成协同脱汞系统,该协同脱汞系统能够稳定地将90%以上的单质汞氧化为二价汞,这部分二价汞能够由高效除尘器、高效湿法脱硫系统、湿式电除尘器脱除,脱除率在90%以上。本实用新型提出的协同脱汞系统对总汞的脱除率在80%以上,实现烟囱处的烟气中汞的排放浓度低于6μg/m3的目标。因此,本实用新型能够实现烟气中多污染物的超低排放。1. The utility model combines the SNCR denitrification technology of the selective non-catalytic reduction denitrification system and the SCR denitrification technology of the selective catalytic reduction denitrification system with the low-nitrogen combustion technology of the low-nitrogen burner to realize the deep denitrification of the flue gas in the power plant At the same time, high-efficiency dust collectors, high-efficiency wet desulfurization systems, and wet electrostatic precipitators form a collaborative dust removal system. Among them, the high-efficiency dust collector can effectively reduce the dust specific resistance, improve dust removal efficiency, and control the smoke concentration at the outlet of the high-efficiency dust collector at 30mg/m within 3 . The wet electrostatic precipitator is arranged after the wet desulfurization device as the last stage of dust removal equipment. In the wet electrostatic precipitator, the liquid flows through the dust collecting plate and removes the adsorbed substances from its surface, which can effectively remove the dust in the flue gas. Fine particles such as SO 3 acid mist, gypsum rain carried by the flue gas, and pollutants such as PM 2.5 and mercury oxide, the total particle emission in the flue gas emitted from the chimney can be controlled within 5mg/m 3 . In addition, the selective catalytic reduction denitrification system, high-efficiency dust collector, high-efficiency wet desulfurization system, and wet electrostatic precipitator constitute a collaborative mercury removal system, which can stably oxidize more than 90% of elemental mercury into divalent mercury, This part of divalent mercury can be removed by high-efficiency dust collector, high-efficiency wet desulfurization system, and wet electrostatic precipitator, and the removal rate is above 90%. The collaborative mercury removal system proposed by the utility model has a removal rate of more than 80% of total mercury, and realizes the goal that the emission concentration of mercury in the flue gas at the chimney is lower than 6 μg/m 3 . Therefore, the utility model can realize ultra-low emission of multiple pollutants in the flue gas.
2、本实用新型是将现有系统有机的串联起来,使电厂的环保设施集合成一体,有利于实现整体的控制优化。2. The utility model organically connects the existing systems in series, integrates the environmental protection facilities of the power plant, and is beneficial to realize the overall control optimization.
3、本实用新型采用空气预热器以及由烟气冷却器和烟气再热器组成的MGGH系统,这样就能将烟气中的余热进行回收,降低了能耗,减轻腐蚀。3. The utility model adopts an air preheater and an MGGH system composed of a flue gas cooler and a flue gas reheater, so that the waste heat in the flue gas can be recovered, reducing energy consumption and corrosion.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1为本实用新型系统的示意图;Fig. 1 is the schematic diagram of the utility model system;
1、低氮燃烧器,2、选择性非催化还原脱硝系统,3、选择性催化还原脱硝系统,4、空气预热器,5、低低温电除尘器,6、引风机,7、高效湿法脱硫系统,8、湿式电除尘器,9、烟囱,10、烟气冷却器,11、烟气再热器。1. Low nitrogen burner, 2. Selective non-catalytic reduction denitrification system, 3. Selective catalytic reduction denitrification system, 4. Air preheater, 5. Low and low temperature electrostatic precipitator, 6. Induced fan, 7. High efficiency humidifier 8. Wet electrostatic precipitator, 9. Chimney, 10. Flue gas cooler, 11. Flue gas reheater.
具体实施方式Detailed ways
下面结合附图对本实用新型做进一步详细说明。Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, the utility model is described in further detail.
本实用新型在达到超低排放要求的前提下,为最大限度地减小环保设施运行对锅炉热效率、厂用电率和机组效率的影响,需要对各种环保设施进行整体优化。同时,本实用新型适用于新建燃煤机组和老的燃煤机组,能够将电厂的环保设施视为一个有机整体,具有技术路线可靠、环保指标先进、整体投资水平低、节能降耗显著等优势。对于老燃煤机组需要基于现有的环保设施,对其进行改造,以节约成本。对于新建燃煤机组,可结合燃煤电厂特点,一次性地建成火电厂烟气多污染物超低排放的系统。Under the premise of meeting ultra-low emission requirements, the utility model needs to optimize the overall optimization of various environmental protection facilities in order to minimize the impact of the operation of environmental protection facilities on boiler thermal efficiency, plant power consumption rate and unit efficiency. At the same time, the utility model is suitable for new coal-fired units and old coal-fired units, and can regard the environmental protection facilities of the power plant as an organic whole. It has the advantages of reliable technical route, advanced environmental protection indicators, low overall investment level, and significant energy saving and consumption reduction. . For old coal-fired units, it is necessary to transform them based on existing environmental protection facilities to save costs. For new coal-fired units, combined with the characteristics of coal-fired power plants, a thermal power plant flue gas multi-pollutant ultra-low emission system can be built at one time.
参见图1,本实用新型包括依次串联的低氮燃烧器1、选择性非催化还原脱硝系统2、选择性催化还原脱硝系统3、空气预热器4、烟气冷却器10、高效除尘器5、高效湿法脱硫系统7、湿式电除尘器8、烟气再热器11以及烟囱9;其中,电除尘器与高效湿法脱硫系统7相连,引风机6为双级动叶可调轴流风机,烟气冷却器10的吸热端与烟气再热器11的放热端形成回路。Referring to Fig. 1, the utility model includes a low-nitrogen burner 1, a selective non-catalytic reduction denitration system 2, a selective catalytic reduction denitrification system 3, an air preheater 4, a flue gas cooler 10, and a high-efficiency dust collector 5 connected in series. , high-efficiency wet desulfurization system 7, wet electrostatic precipitator 8, flue gas reheater 11, and chimney 9; wherein, the electric precipitator is connected to the high-efficiency wet desulfurization system 7, and the induced draft fan 6 is a two-stage movable blade adjustable axial flow The fan, the heat absorbing end of the flue gas cooler 10 and the heat releasing end of the flue gas reheater 11 form a loop.
本实用新型中的低氮燃烧器1、选择性非催化还原脱硝系统2、选择性催化还原脱硝系统3、空气预热器4、高效除尘器5、高效湿法脱硫系统7、湿式电除尘器8、烟囱9、烟气冷却器10、烟气再热器11协同配合能够组成以下几个系统:Low-nitrogen burner in the utility model 1, selective non-catalytic reduction denitrification system 2, selective catalytic reduction denitrification system 3, air preheater 4, high-efficiency dust collector 5, high-efficiency wet desulfurization system 7, wet electrostatic precipitator 8. The chimney 9, flue gas cooler 10, and flue gas reheater 11 cooperate to form the following systems:
(一)高效脱硝系统(1) Efficient denitrification system
本实用新型的高效脱硝系统由低氮燃烧器1、选择性非催化还原脱硝系统2和选择性催化还原脱硝系统3组成,高效脱硝系统将低氮燃烧技术、SNCR和SCR这三种脱硝技术的整体优化组合方案,以实现深度脱硝。且选择性非催化还原脱硝系统2的出口脱硝烟道上设有多个喷嘴,使选择性催化还原脱硝系统3达到更好的脱硝效果;且在运行时,通过优化低氮燃烧器运行方式(如OFA风率),严格监控锅炉排烟中的飞灰可燃物含量与CO含量,确保锅炉运行的安全性和经济性。The high-efficiency denitrification system of the utility model is composed of a low-nitrogen burner 1, a selective non-catalytic reduction denitrification system 2 and a selective catalytic reduction denitrification system 3. Overall optimization of the combination scheme to achieve deep denitrification. And the outlet denitrification flue of the selective non-catalytic reduction denitrification system 2 is provided with multiple nozzles, so that the selective catalytic reduction denitrification system 3 can achieve better denitrification effect; and during operation, by optimizing the operation mode of the low nitrogen burner (such as OFA wind rate), strictly monitor the fly ash combustible content and CO content in the boiler exhaust smoke, to ensure the safety and economy of boiler operation.
(二)高效湿法脱硫系统(2) Efficient wet desulfurization system
本实用新型的高效湿法脱硫系统采用双级循环双塔石灰石-石膏湿法脱硫系统,取消回转式气气换热器,避免原烟气向净烟气的泄露。为有效减轻“烟囱雨”问题,本实用新型高效湿法脱硫系统7由串联在一起的一级石灰石-石膏湿法脱硫系统和二级石灰石-石膏湿法脱硫系统组成,且一级石灰石-石膏湿法脱硫系统和二级石灰石-石膏湿法脱硫系统的吸收塔内均安装有塔内积液板以及管式除雾器,一级石灰石-石膏湿法脱硫系统的吸收塔的入口处设有烟气冷却器,电除尘器的出口与一级石灰石-石膏湿法脱硫系统的吸收塔的入口相连,二级石灰石-石膏湿法脱硫系统的吸收塔出口与湿式电除尘器8相连。另外,为了进一步降低高效湿法脱硫系统出口的SO2浓度,本实用新型对已装有脱硫装置的火电机组采取脱硫系统进行增容改造,即将原来的石灰石-石膏湿法脱硫系统拓展为串联在一起的一级石灰石-石膏湿法脱硫系统和二级石灰石-石膏湿法脱硫系统。The high-efficiency wet desulfurization system of the utility model adopts a double-stage circulation double-tower limestone-gypsum wet desulfurization system, cancels the rotary gas-gas heat exchanger, and avoids the leakage of the original flue gas to the clean flue gas. In order to effectively alleviate the problem of "chimney rain", the utility model high-efficiency wet desulfurization system 7 is composed of a first-level limestone-gypsum wet desulfurization system and a second-level limestone-gypsum wet desulfurization system connected in series, and the first-level limestone-gypsum wet desulfurization system The absorption towers of the wet desulfurization system and the secondary limestone-gypsum wet desulfurization system are equipped with a liquid accumulation plate and a tube type demister, and the entrance of the absorption tower of the primary limestone-gypsum wet desulfurization system has The flue gas cooler and the outlet of the electrostatic precipitator are connected to the inlet of the absorption tower of the primary limestone-gypsum wet desulfurization system, and the outlet of the absorption tower of the secondary limestone-gypsum wet desulfurization system is connected to the wet electrostatic precipitator 8 . In addition, in order to further reduce the SO2 concentration at the outlet of the high-efficiency wet desulfurization system, the utility model adopts a desulfurization system for thermal power units that have been equipped with desulfurization devices to carry out capacity-increasing transformation, that is, to expand the original limestone-gypsum wet desulfurization system to be connected in series A combined primary limestone-gypsum wet desulfurization system and a secondary limestone-gypsum wet desulfurization system.
(三)协同除尘系统(3) Cooperative dust removal system
本实用新型采用高效除尘器5、高效湿法脱硫系统7、湿式电除尘器8组成协同除尘系统。The utility model adopts a high-efficiency dust collector 5, a high-efficiency wet desulfurization system 7, and a wet electric dust collector 8 to form a cooperative dust removal system.
本实用新型的高效除尘器5前布置烟气冷却器10烟气冷却器10能够将烟气温度降至酸露点温度以下,烟气量随烟温降低相应下降,电场烟气速度降低有利于细微粉尘的捕集;同时可实现烟气余热的回收利用;具有高效除尘、节能、节水的优势。采用本实用新型的高效除尘器可有效降低粉尘比电阻,提高除尘效率,将高效除尘器出口烟尘浓度控制在30mg/m3以内。The flue gas cooler 10 arranged in front of the high-efficiency dust collector 5 of the utility model can reduce the temperature of the flue gas to below the acid dew point temperature, the amount of flue gas decreases correspondingly with the reduction of the flue gas temperature, and the reduction of the speed of the flue gas in the electric field is beneficial to fine Dust capture; at the same time, it can realize the recovery and utilization of waste heat of flue gas; it has the advantages of efficient dust removal, energy saving and water saving. Adopting the high-efficiency dust collector of the utility model can effectively reduce the dust specific resistance, improve the dust removal efficiency, and control the smoke concentration at the outlet of the high-efficiency dust collector within 30mg/ m3 .
湿式电除尘器8布置在高效湿法脱硫系统7后,作为最后一级除尘设备,在湿式电除尘器8中,液体流过集尘板并从其表面除去所吸附的物质,能有效脱除烟气中的SO3酸雾、烟气携带的石膏雨等细微颗粒物以及PM2.5与氧化汞等污染物,烟囱的总颗粒物排放可控制在5mg/m3以内。The wet electrostatic precipitator 8 is arranged after the high-efficiency wet desulfurization system 7, as the last stage of dust removal equipment. In the wet electrostatic precipitator 8, the liquid flows through the dust collecting plate and removes the adsorbed substances from its surface, which can effectively remove SO 3 acid mist in the flue gas, fine particles such as gypsum rain carried by the flue gas, and pollutants such as PM 2.5 and mercury oxide, the total particle emission of the chimney can be controlled within 5mg/m 3 .
(四)协同脱汞系统(4) Collaborative mercury removal system
本实用新型中的协同脱汞系统由选择性催化还原脱硝系统3、高效除尘器5、高效湿法脱硫系统7、湿式电除尘器8构成,它能有效控制汞的排放浓度。The collaborative mercury removal system in the utility model is composed of a selective catalytic reduction denitrification system 3, a high-efficiency dust collector 5, a high-efficiency wet desulfurization system 7, and a wet electrostatic precipitator 8, which can effectively control the emission concentration of mercury.
首先,借助选择性催化还原脱硝系统3中的SCR钒系催化剂将一部分气态单质汞氧化为二价汞,由于煤种及其它条件的不同,氧化率从40%~60%不等。为进一步提高SCR钒系催化剂对汞的氧化率,本实用新型在选择性催化还原脱硝系统3中布置的SCR钒系催化剂中添加了MnOx-CeO2,且MnOx-CeO2占SCR钒系催化剂质量的1%~3%;从而保证单质汞的氧化率可以稳定达到90%以上。First, a part of the gaseous elemental mercury is oxidized to divalent mercury by means of the SCR vanadium-based catalyst in the selective catalytic reduction denitrification system 3. Due to the difference in coal type and other conditions, the oxidation rate varies from 40% to 60%. In order to further improve the mercury oxidation rate of the SCR vanadium-based catalyst, the utility model adds MnOx-CeO 2 to the SCR vanadium-based catalyst arranged in the selective catalytic reduction denitrification system 3, and MnOx-CeO 2 accounts for the mass of the SCR vanadium-based catalyst 1% to 3%; thus ensuring that the oxidation rate of elemental mercury can reach more than 90% stably.
借助高效除尘器5、高效湿法脱硫装置7与湿式电除尘器8能够将烟气中以颗粒形式存在的颗粒汞、易溶于水的二价汞脱除,颗粒汞及二价汞的脱除率在90%以上。同时,为抑制浆液中二价汞的还原,提高WFGD系统的脱汞效率,本实用新型采用固化二价汞的硫氢化钠添加剂。最终,本实用新型对总汞的脱除率在80%以上,实现烟囱处的烟气中总汞的排放浓度低于6μg/m3的目标。With the help of the high-efficiency dust collector 5, the high-efficiency wet desulfurization device 7 and the wet electrostatic precipitator 8, the granular mercury in the form of particles in the flue gas and the divalent mercury that is easily soluble in water can be removed, and the removal of granular mercury and divalent mercury The removal rate is above 90%. At the same time, in order to suppress the reduction of divalent mercury in the slurry and improve the mercury removal efficiency of the WFGD system, the utility model uses a sodium hydrosulfide additive to solidify divalent mercury. Finally, the utility model has a removal rate of more than 80% of total mercury, and realizes the goal that the emission concentration of total mercury in the flue gas at the chimney is lower than 6 μg/m 3 .
(五)MGGH(5) MGGH
本实用新型的烟气冷却器10和烟气再热器11组成MGGH系统,脱硝后的烟气经空气预热器4换热后进入烟气冷却器10中,烟气冷却器10中循环工质(水)吸收烟气中的热量,将烟气温度降至90℃左右,并将该热量传递到烟气再热器11的放热端,SO3与水蒸气结合,生成硫酸雾,并被飞灰颗粒吸附,可有效降低粉尘比电阻,提高除尘效率然后通过高效除尘器进行除尘。通过热媒水的密闭循环流动,将从降温换热器获得的热量去加热脱硫后净烟气,使其温度从50℃左右升高到80℃以上。The flue gas cooler 10 and the flue gas reheater 11 of the utility model form the MGGH system. The flue gas after denitrification enters the flue gas cooler 10 after heat exchange by the air preheater 4, and the flue gas cooler 10 circulates The substance (water) absorbs the heat in the flue gas, reduces the temperature of the flue gas to about 90°C, and transfers the heat to the exothermic end of the flue gas reheater 11, SO 3 combines with water vapor to generate sulfuric acid mist, and Adsorbed by fly ash particles, it can effectively reduce the specific resistance of dust, improve the efficiency of dust removal, and then remove dust through high-efficiency dust collectors. Through the closed circulation of heat medium water, the heat obtained from the cooling heat exchanger is used to heat the clean flue gas after desulfurization, so that its temperature rises from about 50°C to above 80°C.
为了实现NOx排放控制到50mg/m3(标准状态、干基、6%O2)以下的超低排放目标,首先,由低氮燃烧器1来将NOx浓度的初步控制,然后进入选择性非催化还原脱硝系统2将NOx浓度一次降低,最后由选择性催化还原脱硝系统3将NOx浓度控制到50mg/m3以内,得到脱硝后的烟气;In order to achieve the ultra-low emission target of controlling NOx emission below 50mg/m 3 (standard state, dry basis, 6% O 2 ), first, the NOx concentration is initially controlled by the low nitrogen burner 1, and then enters the selective non- The catalytic reduction denitrification system 2 reduces the NOx concentration at one time, and finally the selective catalytic reduction denitrification system 3 controls the NOx concentration to within 50 mg/ m3 to obtain denitrified flue gas;
其次,脱硝后的烟气经空气预热器4换热后进入烟气冷却器10,烟气冷却器10将烟气温度降至酸露点温度以下,然后通过高效除尘器5,在高效除尘器5有效降低粉尘比电阻并回收余热,将高效除尘器5的出口处除尘后的烟气中烟尘浓度控制在30mg/m3以内;除尘后的烟气进入高效湿法脱硫系统7脱硫,脱硫后的烟气中SO2浓度低于35mg/m3;Secondly, the flue gas after denitrification enters the flue gas cooler 10 after being heat-exchanged by the air preheater 4, and the flue gas cooler 10 lowers the temperature of the flue gas to below the acid dew point temperature, and then passes through the high-efficiency dust collector 5, and then passes through the high-efficiency dust collector. 5 Effectively reduce the dust specific resistance and recover waste heat, and control the soot concentration in the flue gas after dust removal at the outlet of the high-efficiency dust collector 5 within 30 mg/ m3 ; the flue gas after dust removal enters the high-efficiency wet desulfurization system 7 for desulfurization, The concentration of SO 2 in the flue gas is lower than 35mg/m 3 ;
湿式电除尘器8布置在高效湿法脱硫系统后,作为最后一级除尘设备,最后,脱硫后的烟气进入湿式电除尘器8中,液体流过湿式电除尘器的集尘板并从其表面除去所吸附的物质,能有效脱除烟气中的SO3酸雾、烟气携带的石膏雨等细微颗粒物以及PM2.5与氧化汞等污染物,烟气中的的总颗粒物排放可控制在5mg/m3以内,烟气在引风机6的引力作用下进入烟气再热器11中吸收来自烟气冷却器10冷却端循环工质的热量,最后通过烟囱9排入大气。本实用新型中所提到的浓度均为标准状态、干基、6%O2时所测得的。The wet electrostatic precipitator 8 is arranged after the high-efficiency wet desulfurization system as the last stage of dust removal equipment. Finally, the desulfurized flue gas enters the wet electrostatic precipitator 8, and the liquid flows through the dust collecting plate of the wet electrostatic precipitator and flows from it. The surface removes the adsorbed substances, which can effectively remove SO 3 acid mist in the flue gas, fine particles such as gypsum rain carried by the flue gas, and pollutants such as PM 2.5 and mercury oxide. The total particle emission in the flue gas can be controlled within Within 5 mg/m 3 , the flue gas enters the flue gas reheater 11 under the gravitational force of the induced draft fan 6 to absorb the heat from the circulating working fluid at the cooling end of the flue gas cooler 10, and finally discharges into the atmosphere through the chimney 9. The concentration mentioned in the utility model is all standard state, dry basis, 6% O 2 when measured.
本实用新型的效果在于:本专利把脱硝、脱硫、除尘、余热利用、风机、烟囱等结合在一起,把风机系统和污染物脱除系统相结合;将相对独立的沿烟气流程变为一个有机整体。采用的热媒水热量回收系统(MGGH)与高效除尘器将除尘技术和余热利用技术有机结合起来,实现了节能和环保的统一。本实用新型通过将低氮燃烧器1、选择性非催化还原脱硝系统2、选择性催化还原脱硝系统3、空气预热器4、高效除尘器5、高效湿法脱硫系统7、湿式电除尘器8以及烟囱9合理的集合在一起,最终实现NOx排放低于50mg/m3,烟尘浓度低于5mg/m3,SO2排放低于35mg/m3的超低排放要求,同时可保证烟囱处的烟气中汞的排放浓度低于6μg/m3。The effect of the utility model is that: this patent combines denitrification, desulfurization, dust removal, waste heat utilization, fan, chimney, etc., and combines the fan system with the pollutant removal system; the relatively independent flue gas flow becomes a organic whole. The heat medium water heat recovery system (MGGH) and the high-efficiency dust collector organically combine the dust removal technology and waste heat utilization technology to realize the unity of energy saving and environmental protection. The utility model combines low-nitrogen burner 1, selective non-catalytic reduction denitrification system 2, selective catalytic reduction denitrification system 3, air preheater 4, high-efficiency dust collector 5, high-efficiency wet desulfurization system 7, and wet electrostatic precipitator 8 and the chimney 9 are reasonably combined to finally achieve the ultra-low emission requirements of NOx emissions below 50mg/m 3 , smoke concentration below 5mg/m 3 , and SO 2 emissions below 35mg/m 3 , and at the same time ensure that the chimney The emission concentration of mercury in flue gas is lower than 6μg/m 3 .
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