CN203968094U - Energy-saving safe switch - Google Patents

Abstract

A safe and energy-saving switch, including a self-locking switch, a jog switch, a voltage stabilizing circuit and a photocoupler, characterized in that it also includes an inverter, a thyristor, a bidirectional thyristor, a bridge rectifier circuit and a zero-crossing detection circuit; Among them: the voltage regulator circuit is used to provide the working voltage for the photocoupler; the photocoupler is connected to the trigger circuit; the inverter is used to control the conduction of the thyristor and the bidirectional thyristor; the bidirectional thyristor is connected in series with the load; the zero-crossing detection circuit for overvoltage protection. The advantages are: low power consumption, high stability coefficient, low noise, long life, and high sensitivity because there is no relay; simple components, low cost, and easy integration; there is a fuse inside to protect the safety of users and electrical appliances, preventing Leakage; it has the function of an ordinary switch during normal operation; after the power supply is suddenly disconnected, the circuit does not work when the power is turned on again, and the switch can be restored to normal by lightly pressing the switch, which is easy to operate. The utility model is suitable for making switches of various electric appliances.

Description

Safety and Energy Saving Switch

technical field

The utility model relates to an electrical switch, in particular to a switch with safety and energy-saving functions.

Background technique

Every electrical appliance needs to be connected to the power supply through a switch. There may be a sudden power outage during use. If the switch is not turned off, it will continue to work when the power comes on again, causing waste or safety hazards. For example, the lights are on when the power is cut off at night. , if the switch is not turned off, it will continue to light up after the power comes in during the day the next day. If no one is present, it will cause a waste of electric energy. Heating, but no one may find out at this time, the water heater will boil the water dry, and then burn out the water heater, and even cause a short circuit to cause a fire. The ordinary switch cannot avoid the above hidden dangers, and it does not have the function of protecting electrical appliances when the voltage is abnormal. . In the prior art, there is a power-off reset switch made of the mechanical structure of an electromagnet and a relay, but the disadvantage is that the noise is large and the service life is generally low. There is also a circuit that uses capacitor charging to trigger the thyristor. Its safety factor is low, it is easy to get an electric shock, its internal components are easily damaged, its rated current is high, it wastes energy, and its sensitivity is low.

Contents of the invention

The problem to be solved by the utility model is to provide a circuit that can disconnect the circuit after a power failure and has a voltage abnormality protection function.

In order to solve the above technical problems, the utility model provides a safe and energy-saving switch, including a self-locking switch, a jog switch, a voltage stabilizing circuit and a photocoupler, and is characterized in that it also includes an inverter, a thyristor, a triac , bridge rectifier circuit and zero-crossing detection circuit; where:

--The voltage regulator circuit is used to provide the working voltage for the optocoupler;

--The trigger circuit behind the optocoupler;

-- The inverter is used to control the conduction of the thyristor and the bidirectional thyristor;

--The bidirectional thyristor is connected in series with the load;

-- Zero-crossing detection circuit is used for overvoltage protection.

In a further design of the present utility model, one end of the self-locking switch J1 is connected to the lower end of the AC power source V1 through the fuse U1, the other end is connected to the left side of the jog switch J2, one end of the load X1 is connected to the upper end of the AC power source V1, and the other end is connected to a point On the right side of the active switch J2, the voltage regulator circuit is connected in parallel with the load X1.

The inverter includes a switching transistor Q1, the upper side of the output terminal of the optocoupler OPTO is connected to the positive pole of the bridge rectifier circuit through a current limiting resistor R2, and the output terminal is simultaneously connected to the base of the switching transistor Q1, and the collector of the switching transistor Q1 Connect the trigger terminal of the thyristor D4, the positive and negative poles of the thyristor D4 are respectively connected to the positive and negative poles of the bridge rectifier circuit; the two ends of the triac D9 are respectively connected to the two ends of the jog switch J2, and the trigger terminal is connected to the bridge The negative pole of the rectifier circuit, the upper end of the voltage dividing resistor R8 is connected to the trigger end of the bidirectional thyristor D9, and the lower end is connected to the right side of the jog switch J2.

The self-locking switch J1 and the jog switch J2 are made into an integrated structure of linkage. After pressing the switch panel, the self-locking switch J1 and the jog switch J2 are turned on at the same time. The switch J2 returns and is disconnected.

The zero-crossing detection circuit includes an upper voltage divider resistor R3, a lower voltage divider resistor R4, a link resistor R5, a transistor Q2 and a thyristor D4, and the upper voltage divider resistor R3 and the lower voltage divider resistor R4 are connected in series to the bridge rectifier circuit At both ends, the base of the transistor Q2 is connected between the upper voltage dividing resistor R3 and the lower voltage dividing resistor R4, the collector of the transistor Q2 is connected to the collector of the switching transistor Q1, and connected to the bridge rectifier circuit through the link resistor R5 Positive, when the voltage is high, the transistor Q2 is turned on, so that the thyristor D4 is turned off, and the bidirectional thyristor D9 is also turned off, and the circuit is disconnected, which plays a role in protecting the circuit and electrical appliances.

Compared with the prior art, the utility model has the advantages that the voltage is lowered by the capacitor, rectified by the diode, the voltage is stabilized by the voltage stabilizing diode and the capacitor, and safety is ensured; the photoelectric coupler is used to control the control terminal of the subsequent thyristor to play the role of indication; The use of thyristor and bidirectional thyristor control can achieve low power consumption and high stability coefficient. Because there is no relay, it has low noise, long life and high sensitivity; simple components, low cost and easy integration; there is a fuse inside to protect users It is safe to use electrical appliances and prevent leakage; it has the function of an ordinary switch during normal operation; after the power is suddenly disconnected, the circuit does not work when the power is turned on again, and the switch can be restored to normal by lightly pressing the switch, which is easy to operate. The utility model is suitable for making switches of various electric appliances.

Description of drawings

Figure 1 is a circuit schematic diagram of a safety energy-saving switch.

Detailed ways

As shown in Figure 1, the utility model includes a self-locking switch J1, a jog switch J2, a voltage stabilizing circuit and a photocoupler, and also includes an inverter, a thyristor D4, a bidirectional thyristor D9, a bridge rectifier circuit and a zero-crossing circuit. detection circuit.

One end of the self-locking switch J1 is connected to the lower end of the AC power supply V1 through the fuse U1, the other end is connected to the left side of the jog switch J2, one end of the load X1 is connected to the upper end of the AC power supply V1, and the other end is connected to the right side of the jog switch J2 to stabilize the voltage. The circuit is connected in parallel with the load X1; the voltage stabilizing circuit includes a voltage dividing capacitor C1, a voltage stabilizing capacitor C2, a voltage stabilizing tube D1, a diode D2 and a resistor R1, and the resistor R1 is used for current limiting and is connected to the input terminal of the optocoupler OPTO, Connect the input terminal of the optocoupler OPTO to the backflow diode D3. The inverter includes a switching transistor Q1, the upper side of the output terminal of the optocoupler OPTO is connected to the positive pole of the bridge rectifier circuit through a current limiting resistor R2, and the output terminal is simultaneously connected to the base of the switching transistor Q1, and the collector of the switching transistor Q1 Connect the trigger terminal of the thyristor D4, the positive and negative poles of the thyristor D4 are respectively connected to the positive and negative poles of the bridge rectifier circuit; the two ends of the triac D9 are respectively connected to the two ends of the jog switch J2, and the trigger terminal is connected to the bridge The negative pole of the rectifier circuit, the upper end of the voltage dividing resistor R8 is connected to the trigger end of the bidirectional thyristor D9, and the lower end is connected to the right side of the jog switch J2; as a preferred scheme of the utility model, the self-locking switch J1 and the jog switch J2 are used as It is an integrated structure of linkage. After pressing the switch panel, the self-locking switch J1 and the jog switch J2 are turned on at the same time.

The zero-crossing detection circuit includes an upper voltage divider resistor R3, a lower voltage divider resistor R4, a link resistor R5, a transistor Q2 and a thyristor D4, and the upper voltage divider resistor R3 and the lower voltage divider resistor R4 are connected in series to the bridge rectifier circuit At both ends, the base of the transistor Q2 is connected between the upper voltage dividing resistor R3 and the lower voltage dividing resistor R4, the collector of the transistor Q2 is connected to the collector of the switching transistor Q1, and connected to the bridge rectifier circuit through the link resistor R5 Positive, when the voltage is high, the transistor Q2 is turned on, so that the thyristor D4 is turned off, and the bidirectional thyristor D9 is also turned off, and the circuit is disconnected, which plays a role in protecting the circuit and electrical appliances. The bridge rectifier circuit includes D5, D6, D7 and D8.

Q2 does not work when the switch is working normally. The base of Q2 can be made less than 0.7V according to the resistance value of the upper and lower voltage divider resistors R3 and R4. Preferably, R3:R4=40:1, R4 is less than 100 ohms, and R3 Take a few thousand ohms.

In order to reduce the voltage divided by the resistor R8 when D4 is not working, so that the triac D9 does not work, the resistors R5 and R6 need to meet R8/(R5+R6+R7+R8)*220<0.5, preferably R5 =10K, R6=5K, R7=10K, R8=50, the voltage divided by R8 should not be too large, preferably R7:R8=200:1.

After the resistor R9 and the capacitor C3 are connected in series, they are connected in parallel with the triac D9 to protect the triac D9.

Claims (5)

1. A safety energy-saving switch, comprising self-locking switch (J1), jog switch (J2), voltage stabilizing circuit and optocoupler, is characterized in that: also comprises inverter, thyristor (D4), bidirectional thyristor (D9), bridge rectifier circuit and zero-crossing detection circuit; where: --The voltage regulator circuit is used to provide the working voltage for the optocoupler (OPTO); --Optocoupler (OPTO) back contact trigger circuit; -- The inverter is used to control the conduction of the thyristor (D4) and the triac (D9); --The bidirectional thyristor (D9) is connected in series with the load (X1); -- Zero-crossing detection circuit is used for overvoltage protection. the 2. The safety and energy-saving switch according to claim 1, characterized in that: one end of the self-locking switch (J1) is connected to the lower end of the AC power supply (V1) through a fuse (U1), and the other end is connected to the end of the jog switch (J2). The left side is connected, one end of the load (X1) is connected to the upper end of the AC power supply (V1), the other end is connected to the right side of the jog switch (J2), and the voltage stabilizing circuit is connected in parallel with the load (X1). the 3. The safety energy-saving switch according to claim 1, characterized in that: the inverter includes a switching transistor (Q1), and the upper side of the output terminal of the photocoupler (OPTO) is connected to the bridge type via a current-limiting resistor (R2). The positive pole of the rectifier circuit, the output terminal is connected to the base of the switching transistor (Q1) at the same time, the collector of the switching transistor (Q1) is connected to the trigger terminal of the thyristor (D4), and the positive and negative poles of the thyristor (D4) are respectively connected to the bridge rectifier circuit The positive and negative poles of the bidirectional thyristor (D9) are respectively connected to the two ends of the jog switch (J2), the trigger terminal is connected to the negative pole of the bridge rectifier circuit, and the upper terminal of the voltage dividing resistor (R8) is connected to the bidirectional The trigger terminal of the thyristor (D9), the lower terminal is connected to the right side of the jog switch (J2). the 4. The safety and energy-saving switch according to claim 1, characterized in that: the self-locking switch (J1) and the jog switch (J2) are made into a linked integrated structure. the 5. The safety energy-saving switch according to claim 1, characterized in that: the zero-crossing detection circuit includes an upper voltage divider resistor (R3), a lower voltage divider resistor (R4), a link resistor (R5), a transistor (Q2 ) and thyristor (D4), the upper voltage divider resistor (R3) and the lower voltage divider resistor (R4) are connected in series at both ends of the bridge rectifier circuit, and the base of the transistor (Q2) is connected to the upper voltage divider resistor (R3 ) and the lower divider resistor (R4), the collector of the transistor (Q2) is connected to the collector of the switching transistor (Q1), and connected to the positive pole of the bridge rectifier circuit through the link resistor (R5). the