Background technology
Loader is a kind of typical construction machinery and equipment, and it has drive axle assembly, and the motion of loader and car brakeing mainly rely on drive axle assembly to complete, and will introduce in detail a kind of conventional drive axle assembly in lower prior art below.
At present, drive axle assembly mainly comprises the parts such as axle housing, main reduction gear (comprising diff), wheel reduction gear and oil-immersed multi-disk brake, semiaxis, oil pipe assembly, main reduction gear, wheel reduction gear, semiaxis are arranged at the inside of axle housing, the both ends of semiaxis are connected with main reduction gear and wheel reduction gear respectively, realize power and be delivered to wheel reduction gear by main reduction gear, then after wheel reduction gear slows down, be delivered to outside by its output shaft.Usually, wheel reduction gear is one-level planetary gear structure, and semiaxis connects the sun wheel of planetary gear structure, and the axle of planetary wheel carrier is power take-off shaft.
Oil-immersed multi-disk brake of the prior art is arranged between the internally toothed annulus and planetary wheel carrier of planetary gear structure, directly braking semiaxis, because the revolution ratio of semiaxis is higher, therefore the required braking-force ratio of braking force is larger, friction lining is stressed just larger, the stability of braking is poor, and the wearing and tearing of friction lining are also more serious.
In addition, because oil-immersed multi-disk brake in prior art is to be connected between internally toothed annulus and planetary wheel carrier, in wet type actuator there is offset distance with the strength point that brake-pressure oil puts on piston in the compression point of piston pressing friction sheet, while causing braking work, piston should bear torsional interaction, bear again Moment, greatly affected the service life of piston.
And, this longitudinal arrangement of oil-immersed multi-disk brake, operator cannot observe the wear condition of friction lining, also cannot measure the gap between friction lining, service personnel just cannot judge the service condition of friction lining like this, can not change in time the friction lining after abrasion, have brake safe potential problem.
Therefore, how to provide a kind of drive axle assembly, this drive axle assembly braking is more stable, and braking safety is higher, is those skilled in that art's technical matterss urgently to be resolved hurrily.
Utility model content
The purpose of this utility model is for a kind of drive axle assembly is provided, and this drive axle assembly braking is more stable, and braking safety is higher.Another object of the present utility model is for providing a kind of construction machinery and equipment with above-mentioned drive axle assembly.
For solving the problems of the technologies described above, the utility model provides a kind of drive axle assembly, comprise axle housing, described axle housing inside is provided with main reduction gear, wheel reduction gear and semiaxis, the both ends of described semiaxis connect respectively described main reduction gear and described wheel reduction gear, also comprise the drg rotating for braking described semiaxis, when described drg is in the time braking mode of operation, it brakes the output shaft of described wheel reduction gear.
Preferably, described wheel reduction gear is planetary reduction gear, and the sun wheel of described planetary reduction gear connects the end of described semiaxis, and described drg is braked the planetary wheel carrier of described planetary reduction gear.
Preferably, described drg comprises brake hub, driven friction disk, active friction plate and promotes described active friction plate the piston that compresses described driven friction disk, described piston, described active friction plate, described driven friction disk are axially arranged successively along described planetary wheel carrier, described brake hub is fixedly connected with described axle housing, described driven friction disk is fixedly connected with described brake hub, and described active friction plate is located on described planetary wheel carrier.
Preferably, described driven friction disk and described active friction plate are arranged at the inside of described brake hub, and the corresponding described driven friction disk of described brake hub and described active friction plate coordinate braking position to offer through hole, described through hole is for measuring when described drg is during in non-braking mode, the distance of described driven friction disk and described active friction plate.
Preferably, described gage hatch is screw, in described screw, is provided with magnetic plug.
Preferably, described spring is belleville spring.
Preferably, the internally toothed annulus of described planetary reduction gear is connected by female splines with described brake hub, and described internally toothed annulus is provided with male splines, and described brake hub is provided with female splines.
Preferably, described wheel reduction gear is second planetary reducer, described secondary planet wheel decelerator comprises internally toothed annulus, one-level sun wheel, one-level planetary wheel carrier, secondary solar gear and secondary planet wheel carrier, described one-level sun wheel connects described semiaxis, described secondary solar gear connects described one-level planetary wheel carrier, described secondary planet wheel carrier connects output shaft, and described drg is braked the secondary planet wheel carrier of described double reduction satellite gear.
Preferably, offer the oil duct that is communicated with source of lubrication on described brake hub, the lubricating oil of described source of lubrication is crossed described active friction plate and the residing chamber of described driven friction disk by described oil duct circular flow under the effect of power part.
Preferably, the main reduction gear bag that described source of lubrication is described main reduction gear.
Compared with directly braking semiaxis with drg in prior art, drg in the utility model is realized braking semiaxis indirectly by the output shaft of direct brake wheel side reducer, the rotating speed of the output shaft of wheel reduction gear is compared many that the rotating speed of semiaxis will be low, the braking force needing is relatively little, therefore brake percentage is easier to, improve stationarity and the safety of braking.
One preferred embodiment in, described wheel reduction gear is second planetary reducer, described second planetary reducer comprises internally toothed annulus, one-level sun wheel, one-level planetary wheel carrier, secondary solar gear and secondary planet wheel carrier, described one-level sun wheel connects described semiaxis, described secondary solar gear connects described one-level planetary wheel carrier, described secondary planet wheel carrier connects output shaft, and described drg is braked described secondary planet wheel carrier.
This drive axle assembly adopts wheel limit second planetary reducer, and drg is directly braked secondary planet wheel carrier, and semiaxis is after double reduction, and the rotating speed of secondary planet wheel carrier further reduces, and braking is more prone to, and has further improved braking stationarity.
And; this drive axle assembly adopts wheel limit secondary planet wheel decelerator, can reduce the speed ratio of main reduction gear, and the volume of main reduction gear is corresponding like this reduces; the modulus of the screw bevel gear of main reduction gear is smaller simultaneously; play the effect of protection main reduction gear, correspondingly, the smaller volume of main reduction gear bridge bag; the ground Clearance of drive axle uprises; crossing ability is relatively good, and under equal load-up condition, the main moment of torsion that subtracts place is little, and safety factor is relatively high.
On the basis of above-mentioned drive axle assembly, the utility model provides a kind of construction machinery and equipment, comprises vehicle frame and is installed on the drive axle assembly of described vehicle frame, and described drive axle assembly is the drive axle assembly described in above-mentioned any one.
Detailed description of the invention
Core of the present utility model is for a kind of drive axle assembly is provided, and this drive axle assembly braking is more stable, and braking safety and reliability higher.Another core of the present utility model is for providing a kind of construction machinery and equipment with above-mentioned drive axle assembly.
Without loss of generality, with drive axle assembly, the example that is applied as on loader is introduced technical scheme herein, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that drive axle assembly provided in this article also can be applied in other construction machinery and equipment.
In order to make those skilled in the art understand better the technical solution of the utility model, below in conjunction with the drawings and specific embodiments, the utility model is described in further detail.
Please refer to Fig. 1 and Fig. 2, Fig. 1 is the structural representation of drive axle assembly in a kind of embodiment of the utility model; Fig. 2 is secondary planet wheel decelerator shown in Fig. 1 and the local enlarged diagram of oil-immersed multi-disk brake in the time of coupled condition.
The utility model provides a kind of drive axle assembly, comprise axle housing 2, axle housing 2 inside are provided with main reduction gear 1, wheel reduction gear 3 and semiaxis 4, the both ends of semiaxis 4 connect respectively main reduction gear 1 and wheel reduction gear 3, so that power is delivered to wheel reduction gear 3 through main reduction gear 1, after wheel reduction gear 3 slows down, power is exported by the mouth of wheel reduction gear 3, also comprise the drg rotating for braking semiaxis 4, usually, drg setting position is near wheel reduction gear 3, when the drg in drive axle assembly provided by the utility model is in the time braking mode of operation, the output shaft of its brake wheel side reducer 3.
Compared with directly braking semiaxis 4 with drg in prior art, drg in the utility model is realized braking semiaxis 4 indirectly by the output shaft of direct brake wheel side reducer 3, the rotating speed of the output shaft of wheel reduction gear 3 is compared many that the rotating speed of semiaxis 4 will be low, the braking force needing is relatively little, therefore brake percentage is easier to, improve stationarity and the safety of braking.
In a kind of concrete embodiment, wheel reduction gear 3 can be planetary reduction gear, and the sun wheel of planetary reduction gear connects the end of semiaxis 4, the planetary wheel carrier of drg braking planetary reduction gear; Planetary reduction gear has the performances such as higher rigidity and higher driving efficiency, is falling the slow-revving moment of torsion that simultaneously promotes.
Further, drg can comprise brake hub 33, driven friction disk 340, active friction plate 342 promotes active friction plate 342 and compresses the piston 343 of driven friction disk 340, piston 343, active friction plate 342, driven friction disk 340 is axially arranged successively along planetary wheel carrier, usually, brake hub 33 is fixedly connected with axle housing 2, can use axle housing tie bolt 21 to realize the connection of the two, driven friction disk 340 is fixed on brake hub 33, active friction plate 342 is located at planetary wheel carrier, certainly the convenience in order to arrange, active friction plate 342 can also be located on the output shaft being connected with planetary wheel carrier, indirectly connect planetary wheel carrier.
Piston 343, active friction plate 342, driven friction disk 340 are axially arranged successively along planetary wheel carrier, like this, in the time that drg is braked planetary wheel carrier, the compression point of piston 343 pressing friction sheets and brake-pressure oil put on the point of application position consistency of piston 343, optimize the stressed of piston 343, the service life that can also improve piston 343 in increasing insensitivity.
Usually, the outside of piston 343 is surrounded by drag housing 37, drag housing 37 can be installed on brake hub 33 by screw or bolt, drag housing 37 surrounds an airtight oil pocket with piston 343, on drag housing 37, be provided with the passage that is communicated with airtight oil pocket and outside oil sources, in the time passing into hydraulic oil to airtight oil pocket inside, under the effect of hydraulic oil, piston 343 promotes active friction plate 342 and compresses driven friction disk 340 and complete braking; When drg is during in non-braking mode, the recovery of piston 343 positions is generally to realize brake off object by the spring of brake inside.Spring can use belleville spring 344, and the circular cross section of belleville spring 344 can make piston 343 stressed more even, and braking and reply are more stable.
Particularly, in above-described embodiment, driven friction disk 340 can directly contact with brake hub 33, also can indirectly contact with brake hub 33 by the 3rd parts, and such as between increase is subject to platen 346 parts such as grade.
Driven friction disk 340 can be by various ways with the mounting means of brake hub 33, for example can adopt the mode of clamping, provide a kind of concrete structure clamping below: driven friction disk 340 external diameters prolong its circumferential directions circular arc ear seat, the corresponding radial circumference of brake hub 33 is provided with the arc gap being equipped with circular arc ear seat, certainly the shape of ear seat and breach is not limited to circular arc, can also be other form.
Drg can be oil-immersed multi-disk brake, and oil-immersed multi-disk brake is relatively simple for structure, and during because of braking work, friction lining is immersed in hydraulic oil, therefore radiating effect is also relatively good, brakes also reliable.
Further, driven friction disk 340 in the various embodiments described above and active friction plate 342 are arranged at the inside of brake hub 33, and the corresponding driven friction disk 340 of brake hub 33 and active friction plate 342 coordinate braking position to offer through hole, through hole is for measuring when drg is during in braking mode, the distance of driven friction disk 340 and active friction plate 342.
Like this, be convenient to guardian and measure friction lining situation, to change in time, eliminate the potential safety hazard that friction lining undue wear brings as far as possible.
Particularly, through hole can be screw, is provided with magnetic plug 341 in screw, and magnetic plug 341 can play the effect of the iron filings of absorption wet type bridge inside.
One preferred embodiment in, the internally toothed annulus 326 of planetary reduction gear is connected by female splines with brake hub 33, internally toothed annulus is provided with male splines, brake hub 33 is provided with female splines; Spline joint is reliable.
Please further refer to Fig. 3, Fig. 3 is the structural representation of second planetary reducer shown in Fig. 1.
In the various embodiments described above, wheel reduction gear 3 can be second planetary reducer, second planetary reducer comprises internally toothed annulus 326, one-level sun wheel 323, one-level planetary wheel carrier 324, secondary solar gear 329 and secondary planet wheel carrier 320, one-level planetary wheel carrier 324 connects each one-level satellite gear 322, one-level sun wheel connects semiaxis 4, secondary solar gear 329 connects one-level planetary wheel carrier 324, and secondary planet wheel carrier connects output shaft 351, the secondary planet frame 320 of drg braking double reduction satellite gear; Internally toothed annulus 326 can be fixed on axle housing 2 and brake hub 33 simultaneously, the periphery of an end of internally toothed annulus 326 can with axle housing 2 interference fit, in the periphery coordinating with brake hub 33, can be processed with male splines, male splines matches with the female splines on brake hub 33.One-level sun wheel 323 coordinates connection by spline with semiaxis 4, and primary planet carrier 324 also can coordinate connection with secondary solar gear 329 by spline, and end can also arrange axial limiting mechanism and limit its longitudinal travel, and stop gear can be selected the parts such as back-up ring.
This drive axle assembly adopts wheel limit second planetary reducer, and drg is directly braked secondary planet wheel carrier, and semiaxis 4 is after double reduction, and the rotating speed of secondary planet wheel carrier further reduces, and braking is more prone to, and has further improved braking stationarity.
And; this drive axle assembly adopts wheel limit second planetary reducer, can reduce the speed ratio of main reduction gear 1, and the volume of main reduction gear 1 is corresponding like this reduces; the modulus of the screw bevel gear of main reduction gear 1 is smaller simultaneously; play the effect of protection main reduction gear 1, correspondingly, the smaller volume of main reduction gear Bridge 1 bag; the ground Clearance of drive axle uprises; crossing ability is relatively good, and under equal load-up condition, the main moment of torsion that subtracts place is little, and safety factor is relatively high.
Further, offer the oil duct 370 that is communicated with source of lubrication on brake hub 33, the lubricating oil of source of lubrication is crossed active friction plate 342 and the residing chamber of driven friction disk 340 by oil duct 370 circular flows under the effect of power part; Source of lubrication can be the main reduction gear bag of main reduction gear 1, that is to say, offers oil duct 370 on brake hub 33, and oil duct 370 forms circulating oil path with the residing chamber of main reduction gear bag, active friction plate 342 and driven friction disk 340 of main reduction gear 1; Power part can be for being arranged on the Hydraulic Pump on the spiral bevel driving gear axle of main reduction gear 1.
Can accelerate like this flowing of brake hub 33 internal hydraulic pressure oil, take away the fricative heat of friction disc brake.
In addition, in the various embodiments described above, between drag housing 37 and wheel hub, can use box-type oil seal 38, on wheel hub, be processed with the structure in labyrinth; Sealing mode is reliable, and it is little to take up space.
Please refer again to structure shown in Fig. 3, the utility model gives a kind of assemble method of concrete drive axle assembly, specific as follows.
Second planetary reducer is fixed on axle housing 2 and brake hub 33 by internally toothed annulus 326 in this example, internally toothed annulus one end and axle housing 22 interference fit, and the male splines of internally toothed annulus 326 cylindricals matches with the female splines on brake hub 33, thereby by fixing internally toothed annulus 326; One-level sun wheel 323 is coordinated and is connected by spline and semiaxis 4, and one-level planetary wheel carrier 324 connects by spline and the secondary sun 329, end with back-up ring block carry out spacing.Be placed on one-level planetary wheel carrier 324 with the one-level satellite gear 322 of needle bearing, then one-level planet wheel spindle 325 penetrated be fixed on one-level planetary wheel carrier 324 and prevent one-level planet wheel spindle 325 plaies by spring cotter.Secondary planet wheel shaft 328 is connected on secondary planet wheel carrier 320 by spring cotter, then pack the secondary planet wheel 327 with needle bearing into, finally secondary planet wheel carrier end cap 321 is fixed on secondary planet wheel carrier 320, last planetary wheel carrier is connected on output shaft 351 by bolt and locating dowel pin, finally second planetary reducer assembly is encased on internally toothed annulus 326.Compression plate 346 is encased in to brake hub 33 the insides, pack into by active friction plate 342 with from friction moving plate 340 afterwards, the female splines of active friction plate 342 is inlaid on the output shaft 351 with male splines, and driven friction disk 340 is fixed by the arc gap that is uniformly distributed with circular arc ear seat radial circumference corresponding to brake hub 33 on external diameter along the circumference and is provided with; Bearing 30 is encased on drag housing 37, afterwards the piston with seal ring 343 is encased on drag housing 37, pack belleville spring 344 and spring perch 345 into, by bolt 347, they are fixed on drag housing 37.Connect by bolt and brake hub 33 at drag housing 37, to being encased on output shaft 351 at wheel hub 350 of box-type oil seal 38 be housed afterwards, on the wheel hub at box-type oil seal place, stop the medium (as booty and dust) of outside simultaneously with maze-type structure, extend the service life of box-type oil seal.Wheel hub 350 is coordinated and is connected by spline and output shaft 351, finally by bolt 353, baffle plate 352, wheel hub 350 is fixed on output shaft 351, and the pretension of bearing 39 and bearing 30 is realized by baffle plate 352.
On the basis of above-mentioned drive axle assembly, the utility model also provides a kind of construction machinery and equipment, comprises vehicle frame and is installed on the drive axle assembly of vehicle frame, the drive axle assembly that drive axle assembly is above-mentioned any one embodiment.
Because construction machinery and equipment has above-mentioned drive axle assembly, therefore also there is the technique effect of above-mentioned drive axle assembly, do not describing in detail at this.
Other structures of construction machinery and equipment please refer to prior art, and therefore not to repeat here.
Above a kind of construction machinery and equipment provided by the utility model and drive axle assembly thereof are described in detail.Applied specific case herein principle of the present utility model and embodiment are set forth, the explanation of above embodiment is just for helping to understand method of the present utility model and core concept thereof.Should be understood that; for those skilled in the art; do not departing under the prerequisite of the utility model principle, can also carry out some improvement and modification to the utility model, these improvement and modification also fall in the protection domain of the utility model claim.