CN203670100U - Household wind and photovoltaic complementary power generation system suitable for island micro power grid power supply mode - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model provides a household wind-solar complementary power generation system suitable for the power supply mode of the island micro-grid, comprising: a wind generator; a solar photovoltaic battery; a battery pack; , a solar-wind hybrid controller that controls the wind generator and the solar photovoltaic cell to charge the battery pack according to a preset charging mode; is connected to the battery pack and converts the direct current of the battery pack into an alternating current inverter The charging all-in-one machine; and the remote communication interface for information interaction with the island microgrid control center effectively solve the problems of environmental pollution and high economic cost of island power supply in the prior art.

Description

A household wind-solar hybrid power generation system suitable for island microgrid power supply mode

technical field

The utility model relates to an electric power generation system, in particular to a household wind-solar complementary power generation system suitable for the power supply mode of an island micro-grid.

Background technique

China has more than 6,500 islands of more than 500m ² , with a total area of more than 6,600 km ² , of which 455 are permanent residents, with a population of more than 4.7 million. For a long time, due to the limitation of energy supply such as electricity, the development of the island has been severely restricted. At present, there are basically two power supply modes for islands. One is to rely on the island’s diesel power generation system to form an independent power grid to provide electricity for island residents;

However, the first power supply method affects the ecological environment of the island, which is not conducive to the construction of an ecological island. At the same time, the transportation and storage of oil used on the island increase the cost. The second power supply method not only has high economic costs, but also has low power supply reliability. Once the submarine cable fails or is damaged, it is difficult to guarantee continuous power supply for island residents.

A microgrid is an independently controllable energy supply system composed of distributed power sources, energy storage and loads, and is the most effective form of utilizing renewable energy. The inventor found that adopting the micro-grid power supply mode on islands can exchange for higher overall investment benefits and energy conversion efficiency with less environmental cost, which is the current development direction of island power grids. The household-use wind-solar hybrid power generation system takes household users as the unit, can maximize the use of wind and solar resources on the island, and effectively solve the discontinuous problem of single power generation. It is an ideal island micro-grid power supply supplementary mode.

To sum up, how to provide a household wind-solar hybrid power generation system suitable for island microgrid power supply mode is a problem that needs to be solved urgently and has practical significance.

Utility model content

In view of this, the utility model provides a household wind-solar hybrid power generation system suitable for the power supply mode of the island micro-grid. As an effective supplement to the power supply of the island micro-grid, it effectively solves the environmental pollution and economic cost of the island power supply in the prior art. high question.

In order to achieve the above object, the utility model provides the following technical solutions:

A household wind-solar hybrid power generation system suitable for island microgrid power supply mode, including:

Wind Turbines;

Solar photovoltaic cells;

Battery pack;

A wind-solar hybrid controller that is respectively connected to the wind generator and the solar photovoltaic cell and controls the wind generator and the solar photovoltaic cell to charge the battery pack according to a preset charging mode;

An integrated inverter charging machine that is connected to the battery pack and converts the direct current of the battery pack into alternating current;

A remote communication interface for information interaction with the island microgrid control center.

Preferably, the wind generator is a horizontal-axis or vertical-axis wind generator.

Preferably, the solar photovoltaic cell is a monocrystalline silicon or polycrystalline silicon cell.

Preferably, the battery pack is an electrochemical battery pack.

Preferably, the wind-solar complementary controller integrates wind energy and solar energy control, and is equipped with lightning protection, anti-battery overcharge and over-discharge, anti-reverse connection, solar cell anti-reverse charge, fan over-speed brake, over-current brake, over-wind speed A wind-solar hybrid controller with complete protection functions such as brakes.

Preferably, the integrated inverter charging machine is an integrated inverter charging machine that integrates multiple functions such as an inverter and a battery charger, and is equipped with requirements such as overload protection, overheat protection, and short circuit protection.

Preferably, the component frame of the solar photovoltaic cell is a stainless steel frame.

Preferably, the internal circuit boards of the wind-solar hybrid controller and the integrated inverter and charging machine are circuit boards coated with epoxy resin.

Preferably, it also includes a solar water heater connected to the integrated inverter charging machine.

Preferably, it also includes:

Remote communication interface, EPON communication device and GPRS wireless communication device for data interaction with island microgrid control center.

It can be known from the above-mentioned technical solutions that, compared with the prior art, the utility model provides a household wind-solar hybrid power generation system suitable for island micro-grid power supply mode, including: wind power generators, solar photovoltaic cells, battery packs, wind-solar Complementary controller, inverter charging integrated machine and remote communication interface. Among them, the wind-solar hybrid controller is connected with the wind generator and the solar photovoltaic cell respectively, and is used to control the wind generator and the solar photovoltaic cell to charge the battery pack according to the preset charging mode, and the inverter charging integrated machine is connected with the battery pack, and the battery pack The direct current is converted into alternating current, which is supplied to island users, and the communication network is used to exchange information with the island microgrid control center through the remote communication interface. The household wind-solar complementary power generation system provided by the utility model under the island micro-grid power supply mode fully considers the special climate and natural environment conditions of the island different from the mainland, and converts natural resources such as solar energy and wind energy into electric energy to supply island users. The operation is simple and reliable. With no environmental pollution and low economic cost, it is an ideal supplementary mode for island microgrid power supply.

Description of drawings

In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the following will briefly introduce the accompanying drawings that need to be used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art. Obviously, the accompanying drawings in the following description It is only an embodiment of the utility model, and those skilled in the art can also obtain other drawings according to the provided drawings without creative work.

Figure 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a household-use wind-solar hybrid power generation system suitable for the island microgrid power supply mode provided by the embodiment of the present invention;

Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of information interaction between the household wind-solar hybrid power generation system and the island microgrid control center provided by the utility model embodiment;

Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of another information interaction between the household wind-solar hybrid power generation system and the island microgrid control center provided by the utility model embodiment;

Fig. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of another household distributed energy supply system suitable for the island microgrid power supply mode provided by the embodiment of the utility model.

Detailed ways

The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of them. example. Based on the embodiments of the present utility model, all other embodiments obtained by persons of ordinary skill in the art without making creative efforts belong to the scope of protection of the present utility model.

Embodiment one

Please refer to Fig. 1, a household wind-solar hybrid power generation system suitable for island microgrid power supply mode provided by the embodiment of the utility model, including: wind power generator 101, solar photovoltaic cell 102, battery pack 103, wind-solar hybrid controller 104 and an integrated inverter charging machine 105.

Specifically, the wind-solar hybrid controller is respectively connected to the wind generator and the solar photovoltaic cell, and controls the wind generator and the solar photovoltaic cell to charge the battery pack according to a preset charging mode. The all-in-one inverter charging machine is connected to the battery pack, and converts the DC power of the battery pack into AC power for the user's load. And preferably, the home-use wind-solar hybrid power generation system is also connected to the island microgrid 106, and carries out information interaction with the island microgrid control center through the remote communication interface. The control requirements operate independently or simultaneously. The following is a brief introduction to the components of the household wind-solar hybrid power generation system.

Wind turbines can be roughly divided into two categories according to the direction of rotation of the main shaft: horizontal axis wind turbines and vertical axis wind turbines. The rotation axis of the horizontal axis fan is parallel to the ground, and the orientation of the impeller needs to be adjusted according to the change of the wind direction. It has a high utilization rate of wind energy and is cheap, but the diameter of the blade rotation is relatively large. The rotation axis of the vertical axis fan is perpendicular to the ground, and the impeller does not need to change direction. It has the advantages of low starting wind speed, low noise, and strong wind resistance. The impeller has a small rotating diameter and is easy to install and use, but the price is relatively high. The island household system can choose different types of fans according to the price, installation and other requirements.

Solar photovoltaic cells can be mainly divided into two types: crystalline silicon photovoltaic cells and thin-film photovoltaic cells. Crystalline silicon photovoltaic cells are further divided into monocrystalline silicon photovoltaic cells and polycrystalline silicon photovoltaic cells. The photoelectric conversion efficiency of monocrystalline silicon photovoltaic cells is about 15%, and the highest can reach 24%. It is the highest photoelectric conversion efficiency among all types of photovoltaic cells, and the technology is relatively mature, but its cost price is relatively high. The photoelectric conversion efficiency of polycrystalline silicon photovoltaic cells is lower than that of monocrystalline silicon but higher than that of thin film cells, and there is no obvious problem of efficiency decline, and its production cost is relatively low, so it has been developed a lot. Thin-film batteries are low in cost, light in weight, and easy to mass-produce. However, due to their low photoelectric conversion efficiency and insufficient stability, their conversion efficiency decays quickly with time, so there are not many practical applications. Solar photovoltaic cells for island households can choose monocrystalline silicon or polycrystalline silicon cells based on the actual situation of the project.

At present, energy storage technology can be divided into four types according to specific methods: physical, electromagnetic, electrochemical, and phase change energy storage. Considering the actual implementation conditions of islands, technology, and operating costs It is more appropriate to use electrochemical battery packs for energy storage.

Among the commonly used batteries, there are mainly lithium-ion batteries, nickel-metal hydride batteries, nickel metal oxide batteries and lead-acid batteries. When selecting a battery, the electrical performance, cost, size, quality, life, maintainability, safety, and reusability of the battery should be considered comprehensively. Lead-acid batteries are widely used due to their low price, reliable performance and high safety. Lead-acid batteries continue to improve and improve in technology. As a representative of advanced lead-acid batteries, lead-carbon batteries add carbon materials with capacitive or high-conductivity properties to the negative electrode, combining the advantages of lead-acid batteries and supercapacitors. The high energy density of lead-acid batteries and the characteristics of high power, fast charging and discharging, and long cycle life of supercapacitors have made greater breakthroughs in battery performance, and are especially suitable for use in the field of distributed power generation. From the perspective of practical engineering applications, lead-acid batteries are more cost-effective and more suitable for use in island households, while lead-carbon batteries represent the direction of future energy storage technology due to their performance advantages and can be tried and applied.

The wind-solar hybrid controller integrates wind energy and solar energy control, and can simultaneously control wind turbines and solar panels to charge batteries safely and efficiently. The controller should have complete protection functions such as lightning protection, battery overcharge, overdischarge, anti-reverse connection, solar battery anti-reverse charge, fan over-speed brake, over-current brake, over-wind speed brake, etc., and can control the battery to charge according to the set mode for intelligent charging, so that the battery maintains a high capacity and a long service life. The wind-solar hybrid controller can be said to be the core component of the household system, and its performance directly affects the life and operation stability of the entire system. Therefore, special attention should be paid to its performance when selecting this device for the island household system, especially Suitability for island applications.

The integrated inverter charging machine integrates multiple functions such as inverters and battery chargers. When wind and light resources are sufficient, it can convert DC power into AC power for household loads and send the excess power to the microgrid; When the wind and light resources are insufficient and the remaining capacity of the battery is insufficient, the microgrid supplies power to the load and charges the battery. The integrated inverter charging machine should have a communication interface to realize information interaction with the microgrid control center, be able to accept commands from the microgrid control center, and realize the communication between the two modes of grid-connected operation and off-grid operation of the household wind-solar hybrid power generation system. switch. When the household system is connected to the grid, the current harmonics output by the inverter charging integrated machine should be as small as possible to ensure that there will be no harmonic pollution and grid impact on the micro-grid; when it is running off-grid, it can function as a voltage source , to provide a reference voltage for small household systems, to ensure reliable power supply for household loads. In addition, the integrated inverter charging machine should also have functions such as overload protection, overheating protection, and short circuit protection to deal with various abnormal situations that occur during actual use, so that the integrated inverter charging machine itself and other components of the household system are protected from damage. damage. Like the wind-solar hybrid controller, the island household system should also pay special attention to the applicability of its performance in the island environment when selecting the inverter charging integrated machine, so as to ensure reliable and stable operation.

In addition, the utility model also makes corresponding adjustments to the household wind-solar hybrid power generation system in combination with the special environment of the island, specifically:

The high-temperature, high-humidity, and high-salt spray environment of the island will have a greater corrosion effect on the various components in the system. In terms of material selection, different from the aluminum frame that is mostly used on land, the frame of photovoltaic modules for islands should use stainless steel or other corrosion-resistant materials to improve their anti-corrosion capabilities, and the non-metallic parts of the components also need to be considered under strong ultraviolet radiation conditions. Anti-aging ability. In the production process, the shell of some outdoor equipment should be sprayed with special protective materials that are resistant to high temperature, humidity, and corrosion to enhance the environmental adaptability of the equipment; For the board, you can consider spraying some air-isolated epoxy resin paint to resist the influence of a small amount of water or pollutants in the island air on the circuit and avoid short circuits. In addition, relevant equipment should undergo strict salt spray tests before leaving the factory to ensure that the equipment has good electrical and mechanical properties in practical applications.

Typhoon is a kind of severe weather that islands, especially the southeast coastal islands, often encounter. The main equipment such as photovoltaic modules and wind turbines are located outdoors, and typhoons will have a greater impact on them. The photovoltaic modules in the island household system are generally installed on the roof of the user. In order to reduce the impact of the typhoon, the installation inclination angle of the photovoltaic module can be appropriately reduced during installation, and the height of the parapet wall on the roof can be used to prevent the typhoon from pushing the module upwards. At the same time, according to the specific location and wind direction of the installation environment, on the premise that the photovoltaic module meets the allowable direction angle of solar power generation, the angle difference between the direction angle of the photovoltaic module and the wind direction at the installation point should be controlled within 0~ 90o, so that the typhoon blows from the side of the module or produces a downward pressure instead of an upward pull; in addition, the reliable connection between the photovoltaic module and the bracket and the bracket and the user's roof should be fully considered during installation, and corresponding measures should be taken. Reinforcement measures.

For the fans in the island household system, higher requirements should be put forward in order to cope with the impact of typhoons. When choosing a fan, special attention should be paid to its safety, reliability and environmental applicability. When the wind speed exceeds 25m/s, the fan system should be able to stop power generation and enter the protection self-locking state; at the same time, towers with different heights should be selected according to the installation environment of the island and the actual wind resource level, so that the wind energy resources can be fully utilized. Ensure the reliable and safe operation of the fan. Before leaving the factory, the fan should have a reliable wind tunnel test. When installing the wind turbine, it is also necessary to consider the island environment and choose the appropriate installation method and reinforcement scheme according to local conditions. For example, the wind turbine can be strengthened by enlarging the pouring foundation, strengthening the hard-connected cable-stayed rods, and anti-mechanical fatigue-resistant cables. typhoon capacity.

In the island microgrid system, this system can participate in the operation control of the microgrid as an important adjustment means, and through the coordination and cooperation with the microgrid, it can ensure the stable, reliable, economical and optimal operation of the microgrid. For the microgrid, the system is an independent controllable system. In addition to uploading real-time information of wind turbines, photovoltaics, and energy storage to the microgrid control center, the system also sends power information on the connection line with the microgrid to the control center, and can receive commands from the control center to perform parallel Off-grid operation switching. Under normal circumstances, the system is connected to the grid. When the power of wind power and photovoltaic power generation in the system is less than the load power, the battery is firstly discharged to supply power for the load. At this time, the whole system can be regarded as a "load point" in the microgrid; when the wind power and photovoltaic power generation power in the system are greater than the load power, the wind power and photovoltaic power will charge the battery. At this time, the system can be regarded as a "power point" in the microgrid. According to the real-time power information collected by the household system connection line, the microgrid control center first characterizes the system, and integrates the information uploaded by other components in the microgrid to form an optimal operation control strategy for the microgrid. When the system is connected to the line, it will send an off-grid command to the system. After the system is switched to off-grid operation, there is no power interaction with the microgrid. If the power generated by the wind turbine and photovoltaic is greater than the power consumption of the load, the excess power will be charged to the battery, and the load will be started after the battery is fully charged; Electricity, the insufficient power is provided by the battery, and when the capacity consumption of the battery is greater than the lower limit of the off-grid operation capacity, the power supply to the load is stopped.

Specifically, in order to achieve functional interaction with the island microgrid and give full play to its coordinating role in the island microgrid, the household-use wind-solar hybrid power generation system needs the help of a reliable communication network. The distribution of household systems is generally scattered. In areas far away from the microgrid control center, considering the investment cost, GPRS wireless communication can be used in the actual implementation, and fixed IP communication equipment can be installed in the microgrid control center. Connect to the fixed IP device with a wind-solar hybrid power generation system for data interaction. The principle schematic diagram of the GPRS wireless communication method is shown in FIG. 2 , where 108 is a microgrid control center.

For areas that are relatively close to the control center of the microgrid, in order to enhance the reliability of communication between the microgrid and the household wind-solar hybrid power generation system, Ethernet passive optical network (EPON) technology can be considered. Configure OLT equipment in the microgrid control center, and configure ONU equipment in the nearby household wind-solar hybrid power generation system. Considering the actual characteristics of island household wind-solar hybrid power generation systems, ONU terminal equipment can use dual PON port equipment to achieve full protection and self-healing , The ONU equipment adopts industrial-grade equipment to meet the harsh on-site operating environment of the island. According to the geographical distribution of each household's wind-solar hybrid power generation system and combined with the island's electrical main wiring structure, the ONU terminals of each household's wind-solar hybrid power generation system are connected in series to the main and backup PON ports of the OLT equipment in the microgrid control center. , forming a physical ring with the microgrid control center as the sink node. The communication diagram between the nearby household wind-solar hybrid power generation system and the microgrid control center is shown in Figure 3. Among them, 108 is the microgrid control center, and 10 is the household-use wind-solar hybrid power generation system.

When the micro-grid control center performs operation control, it gives priority to controlling the nearby household wind-solar hybrid power generation system. When the control effect still cannot meet the micro-grid operation requirements, then consider sending remote household wind-solar hybrid power generation systems through the GPRS wireless network. The system sends a control adjustment command.

Embodiment two

In order to increase the flexibility of interaction with the microgrid and take into account the actual needs of island users, the solar water heating system can be combined with this system to form a distributed energy supply system for island households, maximizing the island's renewable energy utilization.

Please refer to FIG. 4 , which is a household distributed energy supply system suitable for island microgrid power supply mode provided by this embodiment, including: wind power generator 101, solar photovoltaic cell 102, battery pack 103, and wind-solar hybrid controller 104 , an inverter charging integrated machine 105 and a solar water heater 107 .

Its working principle is similar to that of Embodiment 1. The wind-solar hybrid controller is connected to the wind generator and the solar photovoltaic cell respectively, and controls the wind generator and the solar photovoltaic cell to charge the storage battery according to a preset charging mode. The all-in-one inverter charging machine is connected to the battery pack, and converts the DC power of the battery pack into AC power, part of which is used by the user's load, and part of which is used to supply power to the water heater under preset conditions. Specifically, under normal circumstances, solar energy resources are used to directly heat water to provide domestic water for island users. When the solar light is insufficient and cannot provide sufficient hot water or receives the command request from the micro-grid control center, it will be powered and heated by the wind-solar hybrid power generation system.

It can be known from the above-mentioned technical solutions that, compared with the prior art, the utility model provides a household wind-solar hybrid power generation system suitable for island micro-grid power supply mode, including: wind power generators, solar photovoltaic cells, battery packs, wind-solar Complementary controller, inverter charging integrated machine and remote communication interface. Among them, the wind-solar hybrid controller is connected with the wind generator and the solar photovoltaic cell respectively, and is used to control the wind generator and the solar photovoltaic cell to charge the battery pack according to the preset charging mode, and the inverter charging integrated machine is connected with the battery pack, and the battery pack The direct current is converted into alternating current, which is supplied to island users, and the communication network is used to exchange information with the island microgrid control center through the remote communication interface. The household wind-solar complementary power generation system provided by the utility model under the island micro-grid power supply mode fully considers the special climate and natural environment conditions of the island different from the mainland, and converts natural resources such as solar energy and wind energy into electric energy to supply island users. The operation is simple and reliable. With no environmental pollution and low economic cost, it is an ideal supplementary mode for island microgrid power supply.

Each embodiment in this specification is described in a progressive manner, each embodiment focuses on the difference from other embodiments, and the same and similar parts of each embodiment can be referred to each other. As for the device provided in the embodiment, since it corresponds to the method provided in the embodiment, the description is relatively simple, and for the related information, please refer to the description of the method part.

The above description of the provided embodiments enables those skilled in the art to realize or use the utility model. Various modifications to these embodiments will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the general principles defined herein may be implemented in other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention. Therefore, the present invention will not be limited to these embodiments shown herein, but will conform to the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features provided herein.

Claims (8)

1. A household wind-solar hybrid power generation system suitable for island microgrid power supply mode, characterized in that it includes: Wind Turbines; solar photovoltaic cells; Battery pack; A wind-solar hybrid controller that is connected to the wind generator and the solar photovoltaic cell and controls the wind generator and the solar photovoltaic cell to charge the battery pack according to a preset charging mode; An inverter charging integrated machine that is connected to the battery pack and converts the direct current of the battery pack into alternating current; A remote communication interface for information interaction with the island microgrid control center. the 2 . The household wind-solar hybrid power generation system according to claim 1 , wherein the wind power generator is a horizontal-axis or vertical-axis wind power generator. 3 . the 3 . The household wind-solar hybrid power generation system according to claim 1 , wherein the solar photovoltaic cells are monocrystalline silicon or polycrystalline silicon cells. 4 . the 4. The household wind-solar hybrid power generation system according to claim 1, wherein the storage battery pack is an electrochemical storage battery pack. the 5 . The household wind-solar hybrid power generation system according to claim 1 , wherein the frame of the solar photovoltaic cell is a stainless steel frame. 6 . the 6 . The household wind-solar hybrid power generation system according to claim 1 , wherein the internal circuit boards of the wind-solar hybrid controller and the integrated inverter and charging machine are all circuit boards coated with epoxy resin. 7 . the 7. The household wind-solar hybrid power generation system according to claim 1, further comprising a solar water heater connected to the integrated inverter charging machine. the 8. The household wind-solar hybrid power generation system according to claim 1, further comprising: Remote communication interface, EPON communication device and GPRS wireless communication device for data interaction with island microgrid control center. the

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