CN203387863U - Multifunctional crawler type rape straw mulching direct-sowing machine - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model discloses a crawler-type multi-functional rapeseed mulching live broadcast seeder, which comprises a walking system, a vehicle frame, a trailer, a system for sowing and fertilizing, and a rotary tillage and ditching system. The vehicle frame is arranged on the walking system, and the trailer is connected to the vehicle frame. It is set at the rear of the walking system, and the frame is equipped with a horizontal header, a straw chopping and conveying system and a throwing mechanism connected in sequence from front to back, and a rotary tillage and ditching system is installed on the trailer below the throwing mechanism, sowing and fertilizing The system is set on the vehicle frame, and its fertilization opening and seeding opening are respectively located at the front and rear sides of shallow plowing and stubble removal and ditching and ridge formation. The utility model can simultaneously complete six processes of shallow plowing, stubble removal, sowing, fertilization, ditching and ridge formation, and grass covering between rows of sowing, effectively solving the complicated and inefficient procedures, entanglement of soil working parts, and grass entanglement in traditional rapeseed sowing. Problems such as mud congestion have greatly improved the operation efficiency, and through the secondary utilization of the previous crop stubble, the moisture conservation and heat preservation on the rapeseed ridges have been effectively realized, and the quality of sowing operations has been improved.

Description

Crawler-type multifunctional rape seeder

technical field

The utility model relates to a seeding machine, in particular to a multi-functional rapeseed grass-covered direct seeder capable of chopping previous crops and returning them to the field.

Background technique

At present, the self-sufficiency rate of edible oil in my country is less than 40%, and it is necessary to vigorously develop the cultivation of oil crops to solve the national oil supply security crisis. Taking winter rapeseed as an example, the Yangtze River Basin is the main production area of winter rapeseed, with an annual planting area of 120 million mu, and there are still nearly 80 million mu available for planting rapeseed. Traditional manual labor cannot meet the large-scale production requirements of rapeseed, and the existing planting area The level of mechanization is quite low. To increase the total output of rapeseed, we must vigorously develop the mechanization of rapeseed production.

Due to its unique environmental characteristics, the Yangtze River Basin mainly implements the "rice-rice-oil" production model, which causes seasonal conflicts between rapeseed and rice. When winter rapeseed is planted, there are often stubbles left after harvesting rice, and the height Generally, it is about 40-50cm, and there are many weeds. The existing rape seeder mainly uses the rotary tillage device to plow and bury the stubble left in the field. Due to the high stubble left after harvesting rice in the southern paddy field, the soil is heavy and hardened. It is easy to entangle rotary tiller shafts, plows and other working tools. Turning the soil before sowing will greatly affect the normal operation of the planter due to grass and mud entanglement on the tillage parts, and the effect of returning straw to the field is not good; if it is directly burned, it will cause environmental pollution. Pollution is not conducive to environmental protection. At the same time, rice straw is rich in cellulose, and also contains potassium, calcium, phosphorus and other chemical elements. It is the main source of organic matter in the soil. Natural rotting in the field can not only fertilize the field and improve soil quality It can also increase the output of the next crop, but the complete stalk decay process is relatively long and cannot effectively affect the growth cycle of rapeseed.

Utility model content

The technical purpose of this utility model is to provide a crawler-type multi-functional rapeseed grass-covered live seeding machine, so that it can chop up the rice stubble before shallow plowing, and then avoid the shallow plowing device and directly throw it back to the rear sowing box surface , which not only achieves the effects of moisture conservation, heat preservation, and benefit for seedling emergence, but also avoids the purpose of rice stubble wrapping knife affecting sowing.

The utility model adopts the following technical scheme to achieve the above technical purpose: crawler-type multifunctional rape mulching live broadcast seeder, including walking system 5, vehicle frame 15, trailer 16 and sowing and fertilizing system 8, and the vehicle frame 15 is arranged on the walking system 5, the trailer 16 is connected to the vehicle frame 15 and is arranged behind the walking system 5. The vehicle frame 15 is provided with a horizontal header, a chopping conveying system and a throwing mechanism 10 connected in sequence from the front to the rear. A rotary tillage and ditching system 9 is provided to shallowly plow and ditch the soil surface to form ridges at the same time. The sowing and fertilization system 8 is arranged on the vehicle frame 15, and its fertilization port and sowing port are respectively located in front of the rotary tillage and ditching system. Side and rear side; Vehicle frame 15 is provided with console 14 to control the work of the multifunctional rapeseed mulching direct seeder.

The horizontal header includes a horizontal cutter 2 and a header conveying auger 3 , and the header conveying auger 3 receives the straw cut by the horizontal cutter 2 and is connected to a shredding conveying system through a conveying trough 4 .

The front side of the horizontal header is provided with a reel 1 , and the horizontal cutter 2 is arranged at the bottom of the reel 1 .

The shredding conveying system includes a two-stage shredding conveying mechanism, wherein the first-stage shredding conveying mechanism 6 is connected to the horizontal header to perform preliminary shredding on the cut straw and transports it to the second-stage shredding conveying mechanism 7, and the second-stage shredding conveying mechanism 7 The conveying mechanism 7 is connected with the throwing mechanism 10 to shred the straw for a second time and spread it over the sowing rows.

The primary shredding conveying mechanism 6 and the secondary shredding conveying mechanism 7 all include a rotating shaft arranged in a closed cylindrical box and a shredding blade perpendicular to the rotating shaft, wherein one of the primary shredding mechanisms 6 The primary shredding blade 62 is arranged in a unidirectional helical arrangement on the primary transmission shaft 61, and the secondary chopping mechanism 7 is connected with the primary chopping mechanism 6 at the end, wherein the secondary chopping blade 72 is mounted on the secondary transmission shaft 71. The top is arranged in two reverse helical arrangements from the middle to both ends, and the throwing mechanism 10 is connected to the two ends of the secondary chopping mechanism 7 .

The throwing mechanism 10 is a directional horn discharge port 101 connected to the shredding conveying system through a conveying channel.

The sowing and fertilizing system 8 includes a fertilizer box 81 and a seed box 82 fixedly arranged on the vehicle frame 15, wherein the fertilizer box 81 is connected to the fertilizer discharge pipe 13 through a fertilizer discharger 84, and its fertilization port extends to the rotary tillage ditching system The front side of the seed box 82 is connected to the seed pipe 12 through the seed meter 85, and its sowing opening extends to the rear side of the rotary tillage ditching system.

The rotary tillage ditching system 9 includes a rotary tiller roller 91, a ditching cutter head 92 and a ditching shovel 93; The rotary tiller 912, the ditching cutter head 92 includes a disc 922 fixedly set on the rotary tiller roller 91 and a ditching blade 921 evenly fixed on the circumference of the disc, the two sides of the ditching cutter head 92 are provided Straight knife 914 is arranged, and ditching shovel 93 is arranged on ditching cutter head 92 rears and the earth that ditching cutter head spins out is sprinkled on hatchback face.

The multi-functional rape grass-covered direct-seeding seeder also includes a stalk covering mechanism 11 arranged on the rear side of the rotary tillage and ditching system 9, and spreads the chopped straw strips discharged by the throwing mechanism on both sides of the sowing port of the sowing and fertilizing system 8, It includes a baffle plate 112 arranged obliquely, and the baffle plate 112 is fixedly connected with the carriage 16 through a fixed bracket 111. On the baffle plate 112, there are herringbone covering plates 113 whose number matches the number of sowing openings. The top of the cover plate 113 is provided with a seed pipe inlet 114 for introducing the sowing hole, and there is a gap between adjacent herringbone cover plates 113 .

The walking system 5 is a crawler walking system.

The utility model adopts the above-mentioned technical solution and has the following beneficial effects.

1. The multi-functional rape mulching live broadcast seeder involved in the utility model integrates the operating system, walking system, horizontal cutting table, straw chopping and conveying system, sowing and fertilizing system, rotary tillage ditching system and straw throwing mechanism, which can Simultaneously complete six processes of shallow tillage, stubble removal, sowing, fertilization, ditching and ridge formation, and sowing between rows of grass, effectively solving the problems of complicated procedures, low efficiency, entanglement of soil working parts, and mud in traditional rapeseed sowing. , greatly improving the operation efficiency, and through the secondary utilization of the previous crop stubble, it can effectively realize the moisture conservation and heat preservation on the rape ridge, and improve the quality of sowing operations.

2. By rationally setting up the horizontal cutting platform, the straw cutting and conveying system and the straw throwing mechanism, the treated straw can directly avoid the mechanical operation parts of the rotary tillage and ditching system, and be directly spread on both sides of the sowing row. It can effectively realize the moisture conservation and heat preservation of the rapeseed, increase the crop yield, and the chopped straw can rot quickly, providing organic matter in the soil for the rapeseed during the growth period.

3. The operation quality is good. According to the management requirements of rapeseed crops, the length of the straw after stubble removal is about 5cm. The throwing device can better cover the sowing rows, and through the stem covering mechanism, the ground surface is flat after mechanical operation and the sowing is even. beautiful.

The utility model will be further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is the schematic diagram of the complete machine structure of the utility model.

Fig. 2a is a schematic structural view of the primary shredding and conveying mechanism.

Fig. 2b is a schematic diagram of the layout of the tool seat on the primary transmission shaft.

Fig. 3a is a schematic structural view of the secondary shredding and conveying mechanism.

Fig. 3b is a schematic diagram of the layout of the tool seat on the secondary transmission shaft.

Fig. 4 is a structural schematic diagram of the throwing mechanism.

Fig. 5 is a structural schematic diagram of the sowing and fertilizing system.

Fig. 6a is a schematic structural diagram of a rotary tillage ditching system.

Fig. 6b is a left view of the rotary tillage ditching system.

Fig. 6c is a structural schematic diagram of the ditching shovel.

Fig. 6d is a schematic structural view of the ditching cutter head.

Fig. 7 is a schematic structural view of the stalk covering mechanism.

Labels in the figure: 1-reel, 2-horizontal cutter, 3-header conveying auger, 4-conveyor trough, 5-walking system, 6-first-stage shredding and conveying mechanism, 7-secondary shredding Conveying mechanism, 8-seeding and fertilizing system, 9-rotary tillage and ditching system, 10-spreading mechanism, 11-stalk covering mechanism, 12-seed pipe, 13-fertilizer pipe, 14-operating platform, 15-frame , 16-trailer, 61-level drive shaft, 62-level chopping blade, 63-level knife seat, 64-level fixing screw, 71-level drive shaft, 72-level chopping blade, 73-secondary knife seat, 74-secondary fixing screw, 81-fertilizer box, 82-seed box, 83-fixed frame, 84-fertilizer discharger, 85-seed metering device, 91-rotary tiller roller, 92- Ditching cutter head, 93-ditching shovel, 911-rotary tillage shaft, 912-rotary tiller, 913-rotary tiller seat, 914-straight knife, 921-ditching blade, 922-disk, 923-ditching Knife seat, 924-blade fixing hole, 925-rotary tillage shaft connection hole, 101-directional horn outlet, 102-square conveying channel, 111-fixing bracket, 112-baffle plate, 113-herringbone cover plate, 114-row Kind of pipe access port.

Detailed ways

Example

Referring to Fig. 1, the multifunctional rape mulching live broadcast seeder in the illustration comprises walking system 5, vehicle frame 15, trailer 16 and sowing and fertilizing system 8, and vehicle frame 15 is arranged on walking system 5, and trailer 16 is connected with vehicle The frame 15 is connected and arranged on the rear side of the walking system 5, and the vehicle frame 15 is provided with a horizontal header, a chopping conveying system and a throwing mechanism 10 connected in sequence from the front to the back, and the trailer 16 located below the throwing mechanism 10 is provided with a rotary Tilling and ditching system, the seeding and fertilizing system 8 is arranged on the vehicle frame 15, and its fertilizing port and sowing port are respectively located at the front side and the rear side of the rotary tillage and ditching system; There is an operation console 14 to control the action of the multifunctional rapeseed mulching live seeder.

The horizontal harvesting unit includes a horizontal cutter 2 and a header conveying auger 3. The header conveying auger 3 receives the straw cut by the horizontal cutter 2 and is connected to the shredding conveying system through a conveying trough 4. The front side of the platform is provided with a reel 1 to transfer the rice stubble to the horizontal header, and the horizontal cutter 2 is arranged on the bottom of the reel 1. The reel 1 adopts an eccentric reel, which is installed above the horizontal header, and includes elastic dials. The design of the dials is 30mm lower than that of the reciprocating cutter, and the horizontal cutter adopts a standard cutter.

Referring to Fig. 1, Fig. 2a to Fig. 3b together, the chopping conveying system includes two stages of crushing and conveying mechanism, wherein the primary chopping and conveying mechanism 6 is connected to the horizontal cutting platform to perform primary chopping of the cut straw and transport it to the secondary cutting stage. The crushing conveying mechanism 7 and the secondary crushing conveying mechanism 7 are connected with the throwing mechanism 10 to carry out the secondary chopping of the straw and then throwing and covering fertilization, wherein the conveying of the straw can adopt a wind conveying system. The first-level shredding conveying mechanism 6 and the second-level shredding conveying mechanism 7 all include a rotating shaft that is arranged at a high speed in a closed cylindrical box and a shredding blade perpendicular to the rotating shaft, wherein one of the first-level shredding mechanisms 6 The shredding blade 62 is inserted in the first-level knife holder 63 and fixed by the first-level fixing screw 64. The first-level knife holder 63 is arranged in a one-way spiral arrangement on the first-level transmission shaft 61, and the high-speed rotating transmission shaft drives the shredding blade. The straw entering the primary chopping and conveying mechanism is initially chopped and transported to the secondary chopping mechanism. The secondary chopping mechanism 7 is connected to the primary chopping mechanism 6 at the end, which is similar to the primary chopping and conveying mechanism. The secondary chopping blade 72 is inserted in the secondary knife holder 73 and fixed by the secondary fixing screw 74. The secondary knife holder 73 is arranged in two reverse spiral arrangements on the secondary transmission shaft 71 from the middle to both ends. , the throwing mechanism 10 is connected to both ends of the secondary chopping mechanism 7, and the secondary chopping mechanism further chops the straw and outputs it through the throwing mechanism.

4, the throwing mechanism 10 includes a square conveying channel 102 and a directional horn discharge port 101, the directional horn discharge port 101 connects the two ends of the secondary shredding conveying mechanism through the square conveying channel 102, and the discharge range of the directional horn discharge port 101 covers Arranged in a fan shape towards the sides.

Referring to Fig. 5 in combination, the seeding and fertilizing system 8 includes a fertilizer box 81 and a seed box 82, and the fertilizer box 81 and the seed box 82 are fixedly arranged on the vehicle frame 15 by a fixed frame 83, wherein the fertilizer box 81 is connected to the fertilizer discharger 84, and the fertilizer discharger 84 is connected to the fertilizer discharge pipe 13, and its fertilization port extends to the front side of the rotary tillage ditching system 9, the seed box 12 is connected to the seed meter 85, and the seed meter 85 is connected to the seed discharge pipe 12, and its sowing port extends to the rotary tillage Rear side of ditching system.

6a to 6d, the rotary tillage ditching system 9 includes a rotary tiller roller 91, a ditch cutter head 92 and a ditch shovel 93, and the rotary tiller roller 91 includes a rotary tiller shaft 911 driven by power and vertically arranged on The rotary tiller 912 on the rotary tiller shaft, the rotary tiller 912 is fixed and inserted in the rotary tiller seat 913 on the rotary tiller shaft 911 by bolts, the ditching cutter head 92 includes a disc 922 and is evenly fixed on the circumference of the disc The ditching blade 921 and the disc 922 are fixed and set in the middle position of the rotary tiller shaft 911 through the connecting hole 925 and the screw of the rotary tiller shaft. Cooperate with the blade fixing hole 924 on the ditching tool holder to realize fixed connection, and the rotary tiller shaft 911 on both sides of the ditching cutter head 92 is provided with a straight knife 914, which is used for trimming the soil on both sides after ditching, and the ditching shovel 93 is provided with Behind the ditching cutter head 92, the ditching cutter head is urged to sprinkle the soil in the ditch onto the hatchback surface. The diameter of the ditching cutter head 92 is larger than the diameter of the rotary tiller roller 91, so that shallow plowing of the soil surface and ditching into ridges can be realized simultaneously. .

The rotary tillage ditching system 9 includes a rotary tiller roller 91, a ditching cutter head 92 and a ditching shovel 93;

Referring to Fig. 7, the multifunctional rape mulching live broadcast seeder also includes a stalk covering mechanism 11 arranged on the rear side of the rotary tillage ditching system 9, and spreads the chopped straw strips discharged by the throwing mechanism 10 on the sowing area of the sowing and fertilizing system 8. On both sides of the opening, there are baffles 112 that are inclined at a certain angle to the ground. The baffles 112 are fixedly connected with the trailer 16 through a fixed bracket 111. On the baffles 112, there are herringbone covering plates 113 that match the number of sowing openings. , the top of the herringbone cover plate 113 is provided with a seed pipe inlet 114 to fix the seed pipe 12 for introducing the seeding port, and there is a gap between adjacent herringbone cover plates 113 . The rapeseed enters the inside of the herringbone cover plate 113 from the seeding pipe for sowing, and the fragmented straw discharged from the spreading mechanism 10 is spread on the soil on both sides of the sowing seeds through the gap between adjacent herringbone cover plates.

The working principle of the complete machine in this embodiment is as follows:

The reel 1 moves the stubble in the field in the opposite direction of the forward direction, and the reciprocating cutter 2 cuts the stalks along the root of the stubble, and at the same time, the reel 1 moves the cut stalks to the header auger 3 The cut stalks are fed by the header auger 3 to the first-stage shredding and conveying mechanism 6 through the conveying trough 4, and are continuously conveyed to the second-stage shredding and conveying mechanism 7 by the action of wind force, and are completely cut along the throwing mechanism 10 by the action of airflow. The crushed stalk fragments are transported to the rear of the body and sprinkled to the field, and spread on the soil of the van between the seeds as fertilization for seed growth through the effect of the stalk covering system 11 .

Claims (10)

1. Crawler-type multifunctional rapeseed mulching live broadcast seeder, including walking system (5), vehicle frame (15), trailer (16) and sowing and fertilizing system (8), characterized in that: the vehicle frame (15) Set on the walking system (5), the trailer (16) connected to the frame (15) is set behind the walking system (5), and the frame (15) is provided with horizontal headers connected in sequence from front to back, The chopping conveying system and the spreading mechanism (10), the trailer is equipped with a rotary tillage and ditching system (9) to shallowly plow and ditch the soil surface at the same time to form ridges, and the sowing and fertilization system (8) is set on the frame (15), the fertilization opening and the seeding opening are respectively located on the front side and the rear side of the rotary tillage ditching system; An operation console (14) is provided on the vehicle frame (15) to control the work of the multifunctional rapeseed grass-covered live seeder. the 2. The crawler-type multi-functional rapeseed mulching live seeder according to claim 1, characterized in that: the horizontal cutting platform includes a horizontal cutter (2) and a cutting platform conveying auger (3), the The header conveying auger (3) receives the straw cut by the horizontal cutter (2), and is connected to the shredding conveying system through the conveying trough (4). the 3. The crawler-type multi-functional rapeseed mulching live broadcast seeder according to claim 2, characterized in that: a reel (1) is provided on the front side of the horizontal cutting platform, and the horizontal cutter (2) Set on the bottom of the reel (1). the 4. The crawler-type multifunctional rapeseed mulching live broadcast seeder according to claim 3, characterized in that: the chopping and conveying system includes a two-stage chopping and conveying mechanism, wherein the first-stage chopping and conveying mechanism (6) is connected to the horizontal The cutting platform preliminarily chops the cut straw and transports it to the secondary chopping and conveying mechanism (7), and the secondary chopping and conveying mechanism (7) is connected to the throwing mechanism (10) to shred the straw for a second time and then throw and cover it Between the sowing rows. the 5. The crawler-type multi-functional rapeseed mulching direct-seeding seeder according to claim 4, characterized in that: the primary chopping and conveying mechanism (6) and the secondary chopping and conveying mechanism (7) both include The rotating shaft rotating in the cylindrical box and the chopping blade perpendicular to the rotating shaft, wherein the primary chopping blade (62) in the primary chopping mechanism (6) is in a one-way spiral on the primary transmission shaft (61) Arranged and arranged, the secondary chopping mechanism (7) is connected with the primary chopping mechanism (6) at the end, wherein the secondary chopping blade (72) is arranged in two directions from the middle to both ends on the secondary transmission shaft (71). The strips are arranged in reverse spiral arrangement, and the throwing mechanism (10) is connected with both ends of the secondary chopping mechanism (7). the 6. The crawler-type multifunctional rapeseed mulching direct seeder according to claim 5, characterized in that: the throwing mechanism (10) is a directional horn discharge port (101) connected to the shredding conveying system through a conveying channel. the 7. The crawler-type multifunctional rapeseed mulching direct seeder according to claim 6, characterized in that: the sowing and fertilizing system (8) includes a fertilizer box (81) fixed on the frame (15) and a seed box (82), wherein the fertilizer box (81) is connected to the fertilizer discharge pipe (13) through the fertilizer discharger (84), and its fertilization port extends to the front side of the rotary tillage ditching system, and the seed box (82) The device (85) is connected to the seeding pipe (12), and its seeding port extends to the rear side of the rotary tillage ditching system. the 8. The crawler-type multi-functional rapeseed grass-covered direct-seeding seeder according to any one of claims 1-7, characterized in that: the rotary tillage ditching system (9) includes a rotary tiller roller (91), Ditching cutter head (92) and ditching shovel (93); the rotary tiller roller (91) includes a rotary tiller shaft (911) driven by power and a rotary tiller (912) vertically arranged on the rotary tiller shaft , the ditching cutter head (92) includes a disc (922) fixedly set on the rotary tiller roller (91) and a ditching blade (921) uniformly fixed on the circumference of the disc, the ditching cutter head (92 ) are provided with straight knives (914) on both sides, and the ditching shovel (93) is arranged on the rear of the ditching cutter head (92) to sprinkle the soil that the ditching cutter head spins out onto the hatchback surface. the 9. The crawler-type multi-functional rapeseed grass-covered live seeder according to claim 8, characterized in that: the multi-functional rapeseed grass-covered live seeder also includes a stem arranged on the rear side of the rotary tillage ditching system (9) The stalk covering mechanism (11) spreads the shredded straw strips discharged by the spreading mechanism on both sides of the sowing port of the sowing and fertilizing system (8), and includes an inclined baffle (112), and the baffle (112) is fixed by The bracket (111) is fixedly connected with the trailer (16), and the baffle plate (112) is provided with a herringbone cover plate (113) whose number matches the number of sowing openings, and the top of the herringbone cover plate (113) A seeding pipe inlet (114) is provided for introducing the seeding port, and gaps are left between adjacent herringbone covering plates (113). the 10. The crawler-type multifunctional rapeseed mulching live broadcast seeder according to claim 9, characterized in that: the walking system (5) is a crawler walking system. the

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