CN203346174U - Ecological dam for water purification - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model discloses an ecological dam used for water body purification, which is characterized in that the outer layer of the ecological dam adopts natural stones to provide the support of the dam body structure, and the interior adopts BIO repairing balls, and the mixed filling of stones and BIO repairing balls The volume ratio is 3-5:6; the outside of the BIO repair ball is a support shell with large pores, and the inside includes porous slag and activated carbon cloth coated with a complex bacterial flora capable of degrading COD. The utility model uses BIO repair balls as fillers to build an ecological dam, which provides stable bacterial flora and higher aerobic-anaerobic treatment levels, supplements the anaerobic process in the high-oxygen zone, and supplements the aerobic process in the low-oxygen zone. The process can effectively improve the purification effect.

Description

Ecological dams for water purification

technical field

The utility model belongs to the field of environmental protection, and in particular relates to an ecological dam used for water body purification. the

Background technique

微生物如何有效作用于整个水体，而不是局部；

如何保证微生物处理作用效果。 There are two difficulties in direct biological purification of water in natural water bodies:

How microorganisms can effectively act on the whole water body, rather than locally;

How to ensure the effect of microbial treatment.

Sewage treatment by microorganisms requires microorganisms to stay in the water for a certain period of time. A large number of water treatment experiments have shown that the single-stage anaerobic-aerobic process will not achieve good treatment effects even if the time is long enough. Especially in natural water bodies, only when a multi-stage anaerobic-aerobic alternating process is reasonably established can the high-efficiency bacterial flora be fully utilized to decompose compounds in sewage.

Traditional subsurface wetlands use sand and gravel as fillers to create microaerobic and anaerobic environments. The riprap dams separated by a certain distance and slightly below the water surface can also form a simple multi-stage anaerobic-aerobic process: the riprap dams that are stable in the water flow for about one month have natural flora attached to the surface of the stones, and the riprap dams near the water surface, On the outside of the stone dam, the dissolved oxygen is high, and aerobic bacteria gather, forming an aerobic zone; deep in the stone dam and deep in the water, the dissolved oxygen gradually decreases due to biological metabolism, and anaerobic bacteria gather, forming an anaerobic zone. The flow and vortex of the water flow cause the water body to enter and exit repeatedly in these areas, forming a natural multi-stage aerobic-anaerobic treatment process. However, in the prior art, purification of surface water by surface-flow wetland microorganisms is weak, and the lack of denitrification process in the water body leads to the accumulation of NO ₃ -N and the difficulty of decomposing complex compounds.

The common method of bioremediation of water bodies is to put microorganisms in the water, and immobilization technology must be used in water bodies with a certain flow rate. Porous immobilization materials are superior to other materials due to their larger specific surface area, but the growth of microorganisms often causes the blockage of porous materials and reduces the effect of microorganisms. the

Contents of the invention

The purpose of the utility model is to provide an ecological dam for water purification, which is characterized in that the outer layer of the ecological dam adopts natural stones to provide the support of the dam structure, and the interior adopts BIO repair balls, a mixture of stones and BIO repair balls. The filling volume ratio is 3-5:6; the outside of the BIO repair ball is a support shell with large pores, and the inside includes porous slag and activated carbon cloth coated with complex bacterial flora capable of degrading COD.

In a preferred embodiment of the present utility model, the porous slag has large pores and small pores at the same time. While providing a large specific surface area to ensure the immobilization of microorganisms, it is ensured that the water flow will not be unable to pass due to the growth of microorganisms. Can provide long-term stable porous performance.

In another preferred embodiment of the present utility model, the dam has an opening through which water flows.

In another preferred embodiment of the present utility model, the dam building stones are irregular in shape, with a diameter between 20 and 50 cm.

The mechanism of action of the ecological dam of the present utility model is as follows:

(1) When the sewage flows through the dam, the stone, the porous material in the BIO repair ball and activated carbon are purified and enriched in the sewage through some physical and chemical methods (such as adsorption, filtration, ion exchange, complexation reaction, etc.) Nutrients such as N, P, etc., can also intercept large solid substances at the same time, forming a relatively nutrient-rich area inside the BIO repair sphere, which is conducive to the growth of microorganisms.

(2) Prolong the local residence time of sewage: due to the water blocking effect of stone and porous materials in BIO repair balls, when sewage flows through the stone dam, complex flows will occur, making the water body stay in the ecological dam for a long time. The residence time just provides more opportunities for microorganisms to act on organic matter in sewage.

(3) The porous material in the stone and the BIO repair ball provides a stable adsorption surface for the growth of microorganisms, and the microorganisms attach and grow on the stone to form a biofilm. In this way, on the one hand, the upper water body far away from the bottom mud can also be affected by microorganisms; on the other hand, aerobic bacteria and anaerobic bacteria are distributed sequentially from the near water side of the ecological dam to the surface of the porous material of the dam body, to a certain extent Enhanced nitrification and denitrification processes.

(4) With the metabolism of microorganisms, there is a difference in dissolved oxygen between the surface of the stone dam and the interior of the porous material of the BIO repair ball, forming multiple aerobic-micro-oxygen-anoxic regions. When the sewage flows through the dam body, it is equivalent to passing through many Advanced aerobic bacteria-anaerobic bacteria treatment can effectively reduce COD, TN and TP. In particular, the porous material brings a low-oxygen zone to the high-oxygen zone in the upper water body, and more oxygen is brought into the low-oxygen zone in the lower water body due to the turbulence of the water body caused by the dam. Complements the aerobic and anaerobic processes that are lacking in the corresponding areas.

The utility model uses BIO repair balls as fillers to build an ecological dam, which provides stable bacterial flora and higher aerobic-anaerobic treatment levels, supplements the anaerobic process in the high-oxygen zone, and supplements the aerobic process in the low-oxygen zone. The process can effectively improve the purification effect. the

Description of drawings

Figure 1: BIO repair ball purification effect;

Figure 2: Schematic diagram of the ecological dam structure, 1 is the BIO repair ball; 2 is the opening around the dam; 3 is the stone on the outer surface; 4 is the supporting structure made of natural stone.

Detailed ways

Preparation of BIO repair balls

After the compound bacteria group is activated, the bacteria solution with a concentration of 1% is mixed with the activated carbon cloth at a ratio of 1:1 (volume ratio) to make a bacteria-containing carbon cloth.

Bacteria-containing charcoal cloth is mixed with slag at an additive amount (volume ratio) of 10%.

Large-hole support shell: use a hemispherical PE container with large holes and a certain strength as the BIO shell material, fill the prepared slag-bacteria charcoal cloth mixture into two hemispherical large-hole support shell containers, and use iron wires to fix and connect them. It becomes a complete spherical shape and does not leak the filling. The shell provides for the longer term porous properties and strength support of the BIO Repair Balls.

The activated carbon cloth added in the repair ball has the function of immobilizing microorganisms and absorbing organic matter from water. After putting in, there will be a high-concentration organic matter area around the activated carbon cloth, and the microorganisms in this area will be more active, thus becoming the supply source of active strains. These strains are brought to other stationary surfaces to participate in water restoration.

Purifying effect of BIO repair balls

In the laboratory, two glass columns are filled with natural stone (hanging film in sewage for 30 days) and BIO repair balls (diameter 3cm) of similar size. Multiple aeration points are added to the column, and the sewage from the wetland is collected from the bottom of the column. Flow in, flow out from above the column, adjust the flow rate of water so that the residence time of water in the glass column reaches 48h.

The experimental results show that in the experimental system with a residence time of 48 hours, the microbial composite ball can reduce the COD of sewage by about 15% after 30 days of stability (as shown in Figure 1), which is far greater than the COD reduction of 1.37% when ordinary stone is used as the filling medium. This obvious difference in purification comes from the highly efficient composite flora, and the multi-stage anaerobic and aerobic processes formed by the porous materials in the microbial composite spheres.

Build an ecological dam

Ecological dam construction: The outer layer of the dam uses natural stones to provide the support of the dam body structure. The stones used to build the dam are uneven and irregular, with a diameter of about 20-50 cm. BIO repair balls are used inside, and the stones and BIO repair balls are evenly mixed The filling ratio is 4:6 (volume ratio). The dam crest is 2.0m wide and the dam bottom is 3.0m wide. The length of the dam is 11m, the opening around the flow is 1m wide, and the height of the dam is slightly higher than the water surface in the non-flood season. The three dams (the south stone dam is an ecological dam, the middle and north stone dams are natural stone dams) are arranged in sequence along the direction of water flow.

Purification effect of ecological dam

Two weeks after the dam was built, the measured data before and after the dam are shown in Table 1. The COD dropped from 79.2 mg/l before the first dam to 62.2 mg/l at the last dam, and the reduction rate was 21%. The COD reduction effect of the ecological dam built by BIO repair balls (Nan Shi Dam) is obviously better than that of natural stone dams.

Change from 3 weeks after completion to only measure water samples in front of Nanshiba and behind Beishidam, as shown in Table 2, except for some sampling problems on July 20 and July 30, the average reduction rate is 15% , and extended at any time, the reduction rate is basically stable.

The above is only a specific embodiment of the utility model, but the scope of protection of the utility model is not limited thereto, and any change or replacement that is not thought of through creative work should be covered within the scope of protection of the utility model . Therefore, the protection scope of the present utility model should be determined by the protection scope defined in the claims.

Claims (4)

1. the ecological dam for water body purification, is characterized in that the outer support that adopts blocks of natural stone that dam structure is provided in described ecological dam, and the inner BIO of employing repairs ball, and the mixed volume ratio of filling out that stone, BIO repair ball is 3-5:6; Described BIO repairs the outside of ball for having the macropore supporting outer, the active carbon cloth that inside comprises the porous slag and is coated with the composite flora of the COD that can degrade.

2. according to claim 1 for the ecological dam of water body purification, described porous slag has macropore and aperture simultaneously.

3. according to claim 1 for the ecological dam of water body purification, described dam has the opening that streams passed for current.

4. according to claim 1 for the ecological dam of water body purification, the described dam stone of building is irregularly shaped, and diameter is between 20 ~ 50cm.

Images