CN203313773U - Solar energy heat storage greenhouse - Google Patents

Abstract

A solar thermal storage greenhouse, which solves the problems of the existing spherical greenhouses such as narrow application range, small illumination area, low effective land use area, poor sealing, poor heat preservation, easy to be blown away by strong winds, easy to collapse with snow accumulation, and poor earthquake resistance. It includes a spherical frame with a light-transmitting thermal insulation layer outside the spherical frame. The technical points are: the spherical frame is composed of several polygonal frames, and a circle of phase-change thermal storage wall panels surrounds the bottom of the spherical frame. Phase-change thermal storage There is a living space between the wall panel and the spherical frame; the spherical frame is provided with inner and outer light-transmitting insulation layers, and a transparent foam heat storage layer is filled between the two light-transmitting insulation layers; the inner and outer light-transmitting insulation layers are made of transparent PVC material; the vertical direction in the spherical frame is divided into multi-layer planting areas by several mesh laminates, and the planting areas of each layer are planted without soil. It has the advantages of intelligent control, low construction cost and high land utilization rate.

Description

Solar heat storage greenhouse

technical field

The utility model relates to the field of plant cultivation greenhouses, in particular to a solar thermal storage greenhouse. The utility model is mainly suitable for layering and planting various crops with different plant heights in a three-dimensional space by making full use of solar heat storage and adopting a soilless cultivation technique.

Background technique

Facility agriculture is a symbol of the overall level of a country's agriculture and one of the most dynamic industries in the world today. By the end of 2003, the protected cultivation area had exceeded 2 million hectares, becoming the largest protected cultivation country in the world. The main purpose of the greenhouse is to produce agricultural products during the non-cultivation season. In order to get the best indoor conditions, the greenhouse must be equipped with suitable heating and cooling systems to adapt to the extreme climate changes outdoors, especially cold winter nights and hot summer days. . my country has a distinct continental monsoon climate, with severe cold in winter and hot summer in many areas, with obvious differences in seasonal climate changes. Due to unfavorable climate conditions, there are common problems in the construction and operation of greenhouses in my country, such as high energy consumption in winter and difficulties in ventilation and cooling in summer. According to relevant statistics, the energy consumption of my country's modern multi-span greenhouses in winter heating and summer cooling accounts for 40% to 60% of the annual operating costs. High operating costs are a common problem faced by my country's modern multi-span greenhouses.

The land utilization rate of conventional solar greenhouses is low, and only one layer of soil is used for planting. The shadow of the greenhouse cannot be used or is rarely used. Affected by the shadow part, a large amount of land is wasted when the row spacing of the greenhouse is ten meters or more. The three-dimensional planting in the greenhouse is restricted by Due to the influence of light, the effective planting area is small; the efficiency of continuous operation is low, due to the limitation of the structure of the greenhouse itself, the area of the heat storage body is small, and the heat storage effect is poor; the soil fertility in the greenhouse cannot be replenished in a timely and effective manner. During continuous operation, The yield and quality of vegetables will be reduced, and it is easy to spread diseases and insect pests with the soil. In order to improve the yield and quality of vegetables, the current method of organic vegetable cultivation uses a large amount of water and fertilizer, which not only pollutes the surrounding environment, but more importantly, increases the cost of vegetables.

In response to the above problems, a "spherical greenhouse" with high light transmission, high heat preservation, high stability, and high compression resistance has been designed such as the patent publication number CN 201733671 U. But it still has the following disadvantages: the scope of application is narrow, it cannot be built on roofs, parks, roadsides, bald mountains, rocky mountains, swampy deserts, etc., the light area is small, and the effective use of land is low; tall plants cannot be planted in the shed, such as High economic crops such as saplings and sugarcane; the space in the greenhouse is narrow, and it is impossible to realize fully mechanically automated cultivation of crops, and it is time-consuming and laborious to harvest; the sealing of the greenhouse is poor, and it is easy to be damaged by diseases and insect pests; the thermal insulation capacity is poor, and the heat loss is fast. Heating requires high energy consumption; thermal energy storage cannot be realized, and the temperature difference between day and night fluctuates greatly; the ventilation of the greenhouse is poor, and it is difficult to effectively cool down when the temperature is too high in summer; the traditional steel frame structure has poor windproof, rainproof and snowproof capabilities, and is not earthquake-resistant. Based on the above shortcomings, it is urgent to use modern architecture, artificial automation control, physics, new materials, horticulture, air purification and other comprehensive scientific and new technologies that integrate many scientific developments, and make full use of natural resources such as sunlight and wind for people. A modern greenhouse is provided.

Utility model content

The purpose of the utility model is to provide a solar heat storage greenhouse. The existing spherical greenhouse solves the problems of narrow applicable range, small light area, low land effective use area, poor sealing, poor thermal insulation, easy blown by strong wind, easy collapse of snow accumulation, poor earthquake resistance and the like. It has the advantages of intelligent control, low construction cost and high land utilization rate.

The purpose of this utility model is achieved as follows: it includes a spherical frame, and the spherical frame is provided with a light-transmitting thermal insulation layer. The height of the phase change thermal storage wall panels is 1.5~2.0m, and there is a living space between the phase change thermal storage wall panels and the spherical frame. Insulation layer, a transparent foam heat storage layer is filled between the two light-transmitting heat-insulation layers; the inner and outer light-transmitting heat-insulation layers are made of transparent PVC material; Beams and longitudinal beams divide the inner and outer light-transmitting insulation layers into 4~16 arc-shaped structural units; the bottom of the arc-shaped structural units is provided with a pipeline connected with the foaming machine with a pressurized pump; The vertical direction is divided into multi-layer planting areas by several mesh laminates, and the planting areas of each layer are planted without soil; there is a passage leading to the planting areas of each layer in the middle of the greenhouse, and there are elevators or spiral stairs in the passage; solar heat storage The greenhouse is equipped with exhaust fans, negative ion generators, temperature control equipment, humidity control equipment and _CO2 concentration adjustment devices connected to the control center.

The advantages and beneficial effects of the utility model are: the spherical frame is composed of several polygonal frames, the spherical greenhouse requires less building materials, effectively reduces the construction cost, has extremely strong stability and overall tension characteristics, and the steel can be recycled and reused . It can reduce the wind resistance and the negative pressure of rain and snow, and the snow will slide off quickly, reducing the bearing load and realizing effective earthquake resistance. Surrounding the bottom of the spherical frame is a ring of phase-change thermal storage wall panels. The light phase-change thermal storage wall panels use any kind of inorganic waste resources such as stone powder, industrial slag, tailings sand, waste residue, fly ash, river sand, construction waste, etc. Main ingredient. Because the molded product contains a large number of small air bubbles that are not connected, the product is not only light in weight and cheap, but also has good heat preservation and sound insulation effects. No burning and no steaming during the foaming process, saving energy and reducing consumption; chemical foaming at room temperature, simple process, no waste water and waste gas during production, green and environmentally friendly, protecting farmland, reducing or even eliminating environmental pollution from industrial waste residues, and turning waste into treasure. The utilization rate of waste residue is as high as 70%. It is an ideal new light-weight wall insulation material integrating energy saving, soil saving and environmental protection.

There is a living space between the phase-change thermal storage wallboard and the spherical frame. The living space is warm in winter and cool in summer. It can be used for office, breeding, living, monitoring room, etc., and is easy to use. The spherical frame is equipped with inner and outer light-transmitting insulation layers, and a transparent foam heat storage layer is filled between the two light-transmitting insulation layers, making full use of solar radiation heat and light time, and the thermal storage phase change material has stable physical and chemical properties without any overheating. Cooling and phase separation phenomena. The foaming foam has strong light transmission and does not affect lighting. During the day, it fully absorbs and accumulates the solar heat energy irradiated on the thermal storage material, and then releases the accumulated heat at night to improve the thermal environment of the greenhouse. The inner and outer light-transmitting thermal insulation layers are made of transparent PVC material, with low production cost and good light-transmitting thermal insulation effect.

The vertical direction in the spherical frame is divided into multi-layer planting areas by several mesh laminates. The planting areas of each layer are planted without soil, and tall saplings are planted on the elevated planting layer, making full use of the multi-layered planting areas in the sphere. space. Each layer of crops is planted at intervals to prevent the upper layer from affecting the lighting of the lower layer. The curved (spherical) structure has no backlight and shaded corners, which can achieve several times the production efficiency of traditional single-layer greenhouse farming. The mature soilless planting technology or improved soil technology is applied to the planting of crops in greenhouses, and is widely used in the planting of flowers, vegetables, trees and other plants. Realize agricultural factory production, mechanized operation, regular fertilization and watering, save a lot of labor costs, and intelligent management to improve production efficiency and vegetable quality. Integrating and innovating new technologies such as three-dimensional farming technology, organic sustainable cycle symbiosis technology, physical disease prevention and growth promotion technology, computer automatic control technology and agricultural models, which are both ornamental and productive, is a modern and intensive plant factory. It can be built on any non-arable land in the city or suburbs, such as roofs, parks, roadsides, bald mountains, swampy deserts. The unique spherical construction structure creates a three-dimensional space, making the utilization rate 6~7 times that of a greenhouse of the same area, which can optimize space and maximize output.

In the middle of the greenhouse, there is a passage leading to the planting areas on each floor. There are elevators or spiral stairs in the passage. The staff can check the growth of the crops in the shed at any time or set up monitoring equipment in the shed to achieve real-time monitoring.

The base of the thermal storage greenhouse is made of improved soil, and the solar thermal storage greenhouse is equipped with an exhaust fan connected to the control center, an anion generator, temperature control equipment, humidity control equipment and a CO ₂ concentration adjustment device. At the same time, a ventilation system is installed in the greenhouse. When the temperature in the greenhouse is too high in summer and exceeds the set temperature, the fan will discharge excess heat to the outside of the greenhouse to maintain the temperature in the greenhouse and meet the CO ₂ required by the photosynthesis of plants. Promote the proliferation of earthworms, increase organic fertilizers, long-term fertilizers supplemented with N, P, K and trace elements B, Mn to promote plant growth. In the greenhouse, negative ion generators are used for disinfection and sterilization to purify the air, and active or passive underground or surface water circulation is used to ensure the heat storage and heat preservation effect of the greenhouse. The temperature, humidity and _CO2 concentration of each layer can be set separately, and realize intelligent control, which is beneficial to the growth of different crops, improves production efficiency and optimizes the quality of agricultural products.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is the main view structure schematic diagram of the utility model;

Fig. 2 is a top view structural schematic diagram of Fig. 1;

FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a partition mechanism of one layer in FIG. 1 .

Description of reference symbols: 1 inner light-transmitting thermal insulation layer, 2 mesh laminate, 3 transparent foam thermal storage layer, 4 outer transparent thermal insulation layer, 5 living space, 6 phase-change thermal storage wallboard, 7 base soil, 8 channel , 9 arc structural units.

Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing and by embodiment the utility model is described in further detail, but following embodiment is only example among them of the utility model, does not represent the limited right protection scope of the utility model, the right of the utility model The scope of protection is determined by the claims.

Detailed ways

Example 1

       As shown in Figures 1 to 3, a solar heat storage greenhouse of the present invention includes a spherical frame, and components such as a light-transmitting thermal insulation layer are arranged outside the spherical frame. Several polygonal frame structures formed by bolt balls and steel pipes (such as triangles, pentagons, and hexagons, preferably using the principle of the stabilization effect of triangles, each part of the greenhouse skeleton is composed of triangular steel pipe members, and the structure is extremely stable.) form a spherical frame , surrounding the bottom of the spherical frame is surrounded by a circle of phase-change thermal storage wall panels 6, the height of the phase-change thermal storage wall panels is 1.5m, and a living space 5 is provided between the phase-change thermal storage wall panels 6 and the spherical frame (it can be built into a triangle or trapezoidal structure). Each arc-shaped structural unit is provided with inner and outer light-transmitting thermal insulation layers 1 and 4 respectively, and a transparent foam heat storage layer 3 is filled between the two light-transmissive thermal insulation layers. The inner and outer light-transmitting thermal insulation layers 1 and 4 are made of transparent PVC material, and there is a longitudinal beam intersecting at the top of the spherical frame between the inner and outer light-transmitting thermal insulation layers 1 and 4, and the longitudinal beam connects the inner and outer transparent thermal insulation layers Equally divided into 12 arc-shaped structural units (longitudinal beams such as several longitudes of the earth divide the earth into equal parts, and the number of longitudinal beams can also be appropriately increased or decreased according to the size of the spherical frame to save construction materials while satisfying the stability of the spherical frame). The bottom of the arc-shaped structural unit is provided with a pipeline connected to the foaming machine with a pressurized pump. The foaming machine regularly fills each arc-shaped structural unit with transparent foam. The foam can simultaneously store heat and support the light-transmitting insulation layer. (PVC plastic film). The vertical direction in the spherical frame is divided into multi-layer planting areas by several mesh laminates, and the planting areas of each layer are planted without soil. The base soil 7 of the thermal storage greenhouse adopts improved soil, and the improved soil is composed of the following components: peat soil 40kg, plant ash 15kg, calcium hydroxide 5kg, iron powder 1kg, starch 5kg, fertilizer field powder or bird droppings 10kg. There are passages leading to the planting areas on each floor in the middle of the greenhouse, and an elevator or a spiral staircase is provided in the passage 8. The solar heat storage greenhouse is equipped with an exhaust fan connected to the control center, an anion generator, temperature control equipment, humidity control equipment and a _CO2 concentration adjustment device.

In the spherical greenhouse, a multi-layer structure with different temperature ranges is naturally formed from bottom to top due to different light intensities, and its temperature gradually rises. If a three-layer structure is adopted, the temperature of the base layer can reach 16~18°C, the temperature of the outer layer can reach 18~25°C, and the temperature of the top layer can reach 25~40°C. As a result, a multi-season gradient temperature is formed, and different floor heights can be built according to needs, and then a variety of plants with different growth conditions can be planted. For example, plants such as flowers can be planted in the high temperature environment on the top layer, fruits can be planted in the middle layer, and vegetables can be planted in the bottom layer.

Each layer of the board adopts a mesh structure, soilless cultivation is used on each layer, and an automatic sprinkler system is used to improve the planting efficiency and crop quality. On the outermost side of the base of the spherical greenhouse, a circle of phase-change thermal storage wall panels is built close to the spherical frame structure, and a living space for office and living is formed between the phase-change thermal storage wall panels and the spherical frame. The temperature in the space can be adjusted according to In fact, it is necessary to adjust the temperature through the fan, so a fish pond can be set in the living space, and tropical fish that have strict requirements on the growth environment can be cultivated in the fish pond.

The construction method of the above-mentioned solar thermal storage greenhouse comprises the following steps:

(1) Construct a spherical frame composed of polygonal frames. According to the structure of the spherical frame, install a circle of phase-change thermal storage wall panels 6 on the periphery of the bottom of the spherical frame.

(2) Fix the inner and outer light-transmitting insulation layers 1 and 4 outside the spherical frame, fix the inner and outer light-transmitting insulation layers outside the spherical frame, and fix the outside of the inner light-transmitting insulation layer to intersect the spherical The longitudinal beam at the top of the frame divides the inner and outer light-transmitting thermal insulation layers 1 and 4 into 12 arc-shaped structural units, and the transparent foam heat storage layer 3 is filled between the inner and outer transparent thermal insulation layers 1 and 4 by a foaming machine , The transparent foam heat storage layer is composed of the following components, α-dilute machine expanding agent (AEO) 10kg, hydroxyethyl cellulose 10kg, sodium dodecyl sulfonate 5kg, sodium stearate 2.5kg, water 40kg.

(3) Install laminates in the solar heat storage greenhouse, build passages through each floor in the middle of the greenhouse, build spiral stairs or elevators in the passage, install temperature control equipment, humidity control equipment, _CO2 concentration adjustment devices, The negative ion generator is connected with the control center, and the culture substrate is laid on each layer of the board.

(4) Build a tropical fish breeding pond in the living space.

Example 2

The other structures are the same, and the improved soil is composed of the following components: peat soil 45kg, plant ash 25 kg, calcium hydroxide 15 kg, iron powder 5 kg, starch 10 kg, fiber-type fermentation powder 1 kg, sodium tetraborate 0.05 kg, fertile field Powder or guano 20 kg, potassium permanganate 1 kg.

The transparent foam heat storage layer is composed of the following components: 20kg of α-dilute organic expanding agent (AEO), 20kg of hydroxyethyl cellulose, 10kg of sodium dodecylsulfonate, 5kg of sodium stearate, and 60kg of water.

Example 3

The other structures are the same, and the improved soil is composed of the following components: peat soil 42kg, plant ash 20kg, calcium hydroxide 10kg, iron powder 3kg, starch 7kg, fiber-type fermentation powder 0.5kg, sodium tetraborate 0.03 kg, fertilizer powder or bird droppings 15kg, potassium permanganate 0.5 kg.

The transparent foam thermal storage layer is composed of the following components: α-dilute organic expanding agent (AEO) 15kg, hydroxyethyl cellulose 15kg, sodium dodecylsulfonate 7kg, sodium stearate 4kg, water 50kg.

Claims (1)

1. A solar thermal storage greenhouse, which includes a spherical frame, and a light-transmitting thermal insulation layer is arranged outside the spherical frame, and it is characterized in that: the spherical frame is composed of several polygonal frames, and there is a circle of phase-change storage around the bottom of the spherical frame. Thermal wall panels, the height of the phase change thermal storage wall panels is 1.5~2.0m, there is a living space between the phase change thermal storage wall panels and the spherical frame, and the inner and outer light-transmitting insulation layers are respectively installed outside each arc-shaped structural unit , the transparent foam heat storage layer is filled between the two light-transmitting heat-insulating layers; the inner and outer light-transmitting heat-insulating layers are made of transparent PVC material, and there is a longitudinal beam intersecting at the top of the spherical frame between the inner and outer light-transmitting heat-insulating layers. The longitudinal beam divides the inner and outer light-transmitting insulation layers into 4~16 arc-shaped structural units; the bottom of the arc-shaped structural unit is provided with a pipeline connected with the foaming machine with a pressurized pump; the vertical direction in the spherical frame The upper layer is divided into multi-layer planting areas by several mesh laminates, and the planting areas of each layer are planted without soil; there is a passage leading to the planting areas of each layer in the middle of the greenhouse, and there are elevators or spiral stairs in the passage; It is equipped with an exhaust fan, negative ion generator, temperature control equipment, humidity control equipment and _CO2 concentration adjustment device connected to the control center.