CN203261705U - Plastic film mulch planting machine of potatoes - Google Patents

Abstract

In order to overcome the deficiency that the existing potato film planting machinery cannot adjust the row spacing, plant spacing, sowing depth, ridging width, ridging height and soil compactness of the ridging surface according to soil humidity, climatic conditions and planting technical requirements, the utility model provides a A potato film planter capable of adjusting potato planting row spacing, plant spacing, sowing depth, ridge width and height, and soil compactness on the ridge surface. The utility model is composed of a frame, a seeding system, a ditching and soil covering system, a ridging system, a film laying system, a transmission mechanism, etc., and is driven by machinery such as a four-wheel tractor.

Description

Potato Film Planting Machine

technical field

The utility model belongs to planting and fertilizing machinery in the field of agricultural machinery, in particular to a novel potato planting and film-laying machine with stronger adaptability and flexibility. the

Background technique

At present, there are not many kinds of practical potato planting machines in China, and most of them are integrated combined planting machines, which can only be applied to large-scale planting in plain areas. However, although most of the existing small and medium-sized potato planters suitable for potato planting in western mountainous areas and small farmlands have the functions of ditching, ridge formation, seeding, and fertilization, they also have the functions of film laying and film pressing, and can be adjusted. There are not many sowing distances, sowing depths, and ridge widths and heights. the

When sowing potatoes, maintaining a reasonable row and plant spacing, allowing the crops to receive sufficient sunlight and maintaining smooth air circulation is an effective means to improve crop photosynthesis efficiency and increase yield. Under different soil environments and climate conditions, the row spacing and plant spacing that are most conducive to potato growth are different. At the same time, under different soil and climate conditions, the planting depth of potatoes is also an important factor affecting the growth and development of crops. the

In addition, when mechanized potato planting is carried out in soil with different humidity, the depth of furrowing, the width and height of ridges, and the compactness of the soil on the ridge surface are also important factors that affect the planting efficiency and planting effect. When the soil water content is low and loose, it is often necessary to open deep trenches, wide and high ridges, and the soil on the ridge surface needs to be tighter to ensure that the technical requirements for potato film planting are met; when the soil water content is high and sticky , It is often necessary to open shallow trenches, less soil accumulation, and at the same time reduce the pressure on the soil on the ridge surface, so as to ensure smooth and efficient planting. the

At present, among the more practical potato film planting machines, there is no product that can adjust the planting row spacing, plant spacing, and sowing depth, and can adjust the ridge width, ridge height, and soil compactness of the ridge surface. the

Utility model content

In order to overcome the deficiency that the existing potato film planting machinery cannot adjust the row spacing, plant spacing, sowing depth, ridging width, ridging height and soil compactness of the ridging surface according to soil humidity, climatic conditions and planting technical requirements, the utility model provides a A potato film planter capable of adjusting potato planting row spacing, plant spacing, sowing depth, ridge width and height, and soil compactness on the ridge surface. the

The technical solution adopted by the utility model is: the utility model is composed of a frame, a seeding system, a ditching system, a ridging system, a film laying system, and a transmission mechanism. The seeding system, ditching and covering system, ridging system and film laying system are installed on the frame, the ditching and covering system is installed in front of the frame, extending above the film laying system, the ridging system is installed behind the seeding system, and the film laying system Installed behind the ridging system. the

The seeding system consists of a seed box installed on the top of the frame, a seed chain spoon, a seed tube, a ploughshare, and a seed pressing wheel. The seed box is conical, with the tip pointing down and a round hole is opened, and a cylinder is connected outside the hole; the diameter of the cylinder is slightly larger than the seed picking chain spoon, and the seed picking chain spoon moves from bottom to top through the cylinder and enters the seed box. to extract potato seeds. Take the seed chain spoon to get the potato seeds, and enter the seed tube when running from bottom to top; the lower end of the seed tube is connected with the plowshare, and the seeds obtained by the seed chain spoon fall from the seed tube into the planting furrow opened by the plowshare . The seed pressure wheel behind the plowshare compacts the falling potato seeds to maintain a consistent seed depth. The height of the plowshare and the pressing wheel can be adjusted up and down to adjust the potato sowing depth. The spacing between every two seeding systems on the frame can be adjusted to change the planting row spacing. the

The trenching and soil covering system consists of a trench opener, a crawler soil conveyor, and a soil flow tank. The ditch opener is installed in front of the crawler soil conveyor, and is pulled by the machine frame for ditching and shoveling. The crawler soil conveyor rotates under the drive of the transmission mechanism, and transports the soil scooped up by the opener to the flow soil tank, which divides the soil and covers it on both sides of the laid mulch. the

The ridging system consists of two ridging shares and a soil scraping share, which are installed directly behind the seeding system. The soil scraper is perpendicular to the forward direction and installed at a certain angle to the ground. The installation height and the angle between the ground and the ground can be adjusted; two ridging shares are symmetrically installed on both sides of the soil scraper, and are at a certain angle to the forward direction. , The soil eating depth, relative distance and included angle can be adjusted. When the ridge system moves forward under the traction of the rack, the ridge share gathers the soil, covers the potato seeds with soil, and initially forms a soil ridge; the soil scraper scrapes and compacts the soil ridge to make the ridge surface smooth and smooth. compact. the

The film laying system consists of a film installation shaft, a film hanging wheel, and a fixed sleeve, and is installed after the ridging system. The fixed sleeve is welded on the frame and is used to fix the film installation shaft; the film hanging wheel sleeve is rotatable on the film installation shaft and is used for installing the film and laying the film. the

Transmission mechanism is made up of hitch device, gearbox, sprocket group, transmission shaft etc., is used for realizing the traction of the utility model, provides rotational power for each component. The sprocket set consists of a set of sprockets with different numbers of teeth, which are fixed on the main drive shaft and linked with the drive shaft of the seed picking chain spoon through a chain; different sprockets are selected from the sprocket set to drive the seed picking chain spoon to rotate. Different rotation speeds can be obtained to change the planting spacing when potatoes are sown. the

When the utility model is working, it is pulled forward by power machinery such as a four-wheel tractor and moves forward, and drives the input shaft of the gearbox to rotate through the universal connecting shaft, which is converted into the power for the operation of each part of the utility model. the

Under the traction of power machinery, the frame moves forward with the seeding system, ridging system, ditching and soil covering system, and film laying system. The furrow opener and the plowshare excavate the soil when the random frame moves forward, and carry out ditching, soil collection, and preliminary ridging; the seed chain spoon extracts potato seeds from the seed box and sends them to the plowshare opened by the seed tube. In the planting ditch, it is compacted by the following pressing wheel; the ridge share gathers the soil and covers the potato seeds with soil to form a soil ridge; the soil scraper scrapes and compacts the soil ridge to form a specific shape; The plastic film on the installation shaft should be fixed at the beginning of the field and the potato planting ridge before planting, passively unfolded and tensioned during the forward movement of the frame, and cover the potato planting soil with plastic film; the crawler soil conveyor The soil scooped up by the opener is transported to the flow soil tank, and after being diverted by the flow soil tank, it is covered on both sides of the mulch film, and the mulch film is pressed tightly to complete the planting process of potato ridges and film laying. the

Adjust the installation distance between the two seeding systems to realize the adjustment of planting row spacing; select sprockets with different numbers of teeth from the sprocket group to realize the adjustment of planting plant spacing; change the traction height of the frame and the plowshare on the seed row The height of the installation height of the planting wheel and the height of the pressing wheel can realize the adjustment of the planting depth; the height of the two ridge shares can be adjusted by changing the soil eating depth and the height of the soil scraping shares; the distance between the two ridge shares can be adjusted. to adjust the width of the ridge; change the angle between the two ridge shares, the angle between the soil scraper and the forward direction, and adjust the tightness of the soil on the ridge surface; change the opener The depth of the soil can be adjusted to adjust the amount of soil covering the surface of the mulch film. the

The beneficial effects of the utility model are: 1, the potato sowing row spacing and the plant spacing of the utility model are adjustable; 2, the potato sowing depth of the utility model is adjustable; 3, the ridge height, width, The soil compactness of the ridge surface is adjustable. the

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is an axonometric view of the utility model. the

Fig. 2 is the front view of the utility model. the

Fig. 3 is a side view of the utility model. the

Fig. 4 is the rear view of the utility model. the

As shown in the figure, 1 is a frame, 2 is a seed box, 3 is a chain spoon for taking seeds, 4 is a seed row, 5 is a ploughshare, 6 is a pressing wheel, 7 is a ditch opener, 8 is a crawler soil conveyor, 9 Be the flow soil tank, 10 is the ridging system, 11 is the mulch film installation shaft, 12 is the fixed sleeve, 13 is the film-hanging wheel, 14 is the sprocket wheel group, and 15 is the gearbox. the

Detailed ways

Embodiment 1: With reference to Fig. 1, Fig. 2, Fig. 3, Fig. 4, the utility model consists of a frame (1), a seed box (2), a seed chain scoop (3), a seed tube (4), a ploughshare ( 5), pressure wheel (6), opener (7), crawler soil conveyor (8), flow soil tank (9), ridging system (10), film installation shaft (11), fixed sleeve (12) , film-hanging wheel (13), sprocket wheel group (14), gearbox (15), and other transmission mechanisms. The seed box (2), the seed chain spoon (3), the seed tube (4), the ploughshare (5), and the seed pressing wheel (6) form a seeding system; the film installation shaft (11), the fixing sleeve (12), the hanging The film wheel (13) forms a film laying system; the ditch opener (7), the crawler soil conveyor (8), and the flow soil tank (9) form a ditching soil covering system. the

In the seeding system, one side of the seed chain spoon (3) passes through the cylinder at the lower end of the seed box (2) and moves upward, and the other side passes through the seed cylinder (4) and moves from top to bottom; the seed cylinder (4) It is connected with the plow share (5), so that the potato seeds can fall between the plow share (5) and the seed pressing wheel (6); Wheel (6) is installed in the directly rear of plowshare (5), and lower edge is tangent to plowshare bottom. A set of ridging system (10) is installed directly behind each seeding system. the

In the ditching soil covering system, the ditch opener (7) is installed in front of the crawler soil conveyor (8), and the soil flow tank (9) is installed behind the crawler soil conveyor (8); the upper end of the crawler soil conveyor (8) is fixed on On the main transmission shaft, it rotates under the drive of the main transmission shaft. the

The film installation system is composed of a film installation shaft (11), a fixed sleeve (12), and a film-hanging wheel (13). Every two film-hanging wheels (13) form a group, and the tips are relatively set on the film installation shaft (11) superior. The film installation shaft is connected with the frame through the fixing sleeve (12) welded on the frame. the

The gearbox (15) is installed at the front position in the middle of the frame, and drives the main shaft to rotate through the chain drive; the sprocket group on the main shaft drives the seed picking chain scoop to rotate; the main shaft drives the crawler soil conveyor (8) to rotate, and the The soil is conveyed to the rear of the frame for lamination. the

This embodiment includes two sets of seeding systems, two sets of ridge forming systems, three sets of ditching soil covering systems and one set of film spreading system, which can realize double-ridge potato planting under a single plastic film. the

Embodiment 2: Compared with Embodiment 1, this embodiment increases the number of seeding systems, ridging systems, ditching soil covering systems and film laying systems, so that the utility model consists of four sets of seeding systems and five sets of ditching soil covering systems. system and two sets of film laying systems to realize potato planting in four ridges under double plastic film. the

Embodiment 3: Compared with Embodiments 1 and 2, this embodiment adds a fertilization system on the basis of Embodiments 1 and 2. The fertilization system consists of a fertilizer bucket installed on the top of the gearbox, an electric sprinkler and a feeding pipe, which can fertilize under the mulch while the potatoes are sown. the

Claims (7)

1. Potato film-laying planter, which is characterized by a frame, a seeding system, a ditching system, a ridge system, a film-laying system, and a transmission mechanism; a seeding system, a ditching system, a ridge system, and a film-laying system Installed on the frame; the ditching and soil covering system is installed in front of the frame, extending above the film laying system, the ridging system is installed behind the seeding system, and the film laying system is installed behind the ridging system. 2. The potato film-laying planter according to claim 1, characterized in that the sowing system consists of a seed box (2), a seed chain scoop (3), a seed tube (4), a plow share (5), and a seed wheel (6) Composition; The height of the plow share (5) and the pressing wheel (6) can be adjusted up and down to adjust the potato sowing depth; the distance between every two sowing systems on the frame can be adjusted to change the planting row spacing. 3. The potato film-laying planter according to claim 1, characterized in that the ditching soil covering system consists of a ditch opener (7), a crawler soil conveyor (8), and a soil flow tank (9). 4. The potato film-laying planter according to claim 1, characterized in that the film-laying system consists of a film installation shaft (11), a fixed sleeve (12), and a film-hanging wheel (13); the fixed sleeve (12) is welded on On the frame, it is used to fix the mulching film installation shaft; the film hanging wheel (13) is sleeved on the mulch film installation shaft (11) and can rotate, and is used for installing the mulch film and laying the film. 5. The potato film-laying planter according to claim 1, characterized in that the ridging system (10) is composed of two ridging shares and a soil scraping share; Adjustment; the height of the soil scraper and the angle between it and the ground can be adjusted. 6. The potato film planting machine according to claim 1, characterized in that the installation distance between every two sets of seeding systems can be adjusted. 7. The potato film-laying planter according to claim 1, characterized in that the sprocket set (14) is composed of a set of sprockets with different numbers of teeth, and different sprockets are selected from the sprocket set (14) to drive the seeds When the chain spoon is rotated, different rotation speeds can be obtained, so that the planting distance of potatoes can be changed when sowing.

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