CN203166653U - SR motor capable of efficient operation at both low and high speed - Google Patents
SR motor capable of efficient operation at both low and high speed Download PDFInfo
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- CN203166653U CN203166653U CN2013200706805U CN201320070680U CN203166653U CN 203166653 U CN203166653 U CN 203166653U CN 2013200706805 U CN2013200706805 U CN 2013200706805U CN 201320070680 U CN201320070680 U CN 201320070680U CN 203166653 U CN203166653 U CN 203166653U
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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Abstract
The utility model discloses an SR motor capable of efficient operation at both low and high speed. The high operating efficiency can be achieved by the SR motor whether the SR motor operates at a low-speed or high-speed stage, the advantages of an electric vehicle can be better exerted especially when the SR motor is applied to the electric vehicle and served as a direct-drive wheel hub motor. The SR motor comprises a stator and a rotor, and further comprises a series-parallel converting connector, each phase of winding of the SR motor is divided into sub-windings wound on salient poles of that phase, initial and tail end wiring of the sub-windings are conducted on each salient pole, and initial and tail end connecting wires of each phase of winding are led out and connected to the series-parallel converting connector from the interior of the SR motor.
Description
Technical field
The utility model relates to the SR motor, relates in particular to a kind of SR motor at low speed segment and the equal energy of high regime high-efficiency operation.
Background technology
The power consumption of motor is about 60% of whole electrical network power consumption according to statistics.Therefore, improving the motor operational efficiency is energy-conservation important behave, especially in the speed adjusting technique application since motor when running on specified high speed stage efficient higher, and in order to satisfy the high, low speed service requirement of driven equipment simultaneously, need by the transmission of mechanical speed change shifter usually.Namely increase mechanical transfer gap and gearing friction loss thus, also reduced efficient and the dynamic response of whole governing system.And be the direct Drive Structure of this motor that produces, its efficient is also just lower at low speed segment.
Electric automobile has been acknowledged as the following automobile of energy-conserving and environment-protective.Any class electric automobile also all needs to drive wheel with motor as actuator and travels, and it is significant therefore to select preferable Drive Structure that electric automobile is applied.Comprehensive dynamics of vehicle, motor drags and multinomial theory analysis such as Control Engineering, adopting wheel hub motor directly to drive electric automobile can conclude and sum up following plurality of advantages: simplify mechanical structure and reduce vehicle-mounted deadweight in order to the vehicle structure layout, can save all huge and heavy mechanical drive trains, vacate big quantity space for the storage battery layout; Reduce automobile barycenter and bodywork height; Improve wheel control fast-response; Easily realize that the four-wheel drive four-wheel steering improves wheel to traction, steering behaviour and recover kinetic energy rate etc., easily realize the more unfeasible various high performance control of traditional car, thereby greatly improve ride safety of automobile, handling and stable.
Also recognize at present the superiority that adopts wheel hub motor directly to drive in the world more and more, states such as American and Britain, method, moral are applied to wheel hub motor on military offroad vehicle and the light tank one after another in recent years, and obtain corresponding achievement.Confirm by theory analysis and practice that namely all the best, the final type of drive of the electric automobile that wheel hub electric motor approved directly driven in explanation both at home and abroad, but thus the speed adjusting performance of motor etc. is also proposed higher unique requirement.At running car in changeable road conditions, and be characteristics such as the energy with storage battery, proposed to directly driving wheel hub electric motor that staring torque is big, starting current is little, short-time overload capacity is strong, dynamic response is fast, can efficient electrification feedback braking, failure tolerant and the high requirement of system reliability.
By permanent-magnet DC brushless, AC frequency conversion vector control and switched reluctance machines being driven the comparative analysis of all kinds of motor speed regulation systems such as SRD, wherein SR motor (switched reluctance motor) is to satisfy above-mentioned unique motor that requires more all sidedly for this reason.Particularly wheel hub motor adopts and directly drives automotive wheel, save conventional all driving-chains such as mechanical reduction, low speed segment operation characteristic to motor has proposed higher unique requirement, bigger output torque is arranged when namely wanting low speed, need limit corresponding electric current again and damage to avoid the storage battery heavy-current discharge.And be that the torque of provable AC and DC motor is lowered into first power with rotating speed and increases by the corresponding electromagnetic theory of motor; And the SR motor torque will become the quadratic power index to increase with the rotating speed reduction, and adopt the copped wave Current limited Control can realize above-mentioned unique requirement at low speed segment.
Non-linear characteristics at the operation of SR motor, utilize computer finite element analysis emulation to obtain AC and DC motor and SR efficiency of motor and speed curves figure again, compare by the simulation curve to this three classes motor, the intrinsic governor control characteristics of brushless permanent magnet motor and threephase asynchronous machine is all higher in high regime efficient as can be known, and this also is the characteristics of most of buncher; And the SR motor can obtain greater efficiency at low speed segment, and by revising the relevant design parameter of motor, also can change the corresponding tachometer value of efficient curved section.But speed was lower when automobile travelled in the urban district usually, and higher at the fastlink speed of operation.How making the SR motor all can obtain higher efficient at low speed segment and high regime, is to make the key point of directly driving more effective its advantage of performance of wheel hub electric motor.
In the prior art, mainly the physical structure of the performance by improving the SR motor controller and rotor, stator waits to improve the performance of SR motor.Such as open day being the technical scheme that the disclosed name of patent documentation that October 13, publication number in 2010 are CN101860298A is called a kind of switched reluctance motor controller, the current signal that the control signal that its employing STC single-chip microcomputer reception handle and button control circuit send, the position signalling that the rotor-position sensor testing circuit sends and current detection circuit send, be connected the SR motor with power inverter by drive circuit, storage battery is respectively to STC single-chip microcomputer and power inverter power supply, can avoid power inverter straight-through fault to occur, improve system reliability.But this technical scheme can not be improved the especially operational efficiency of high, low speed section of SR motor operational efficiency.Such as open day being that the patent documentation that November 26, publication number in 2008 are CN101313449A discloses such technical scheme, a kind of switched reluctance motor comprises again: have a plurality of with the inside stator cores of outstanding magnetic pole of predetermined spacing; Be wound in the outstanding magnetic pole coil on every side of this stator core, and rotor core, it is placed in the inboard of this stator core rotationally and has a plurality of magnetic poles of radially outwards giving prominence to predetermined gap, initial each the outstanding magnetic pole near stator core of the front end of outstanding magnetic pole, thus make the gap between the magnetic pole of giving prominence to of outstanding magnetic pole and rotor core of stator core reduce gradually.Though this technical scheme can make gap in the lap of stator core and rotor core not to be sudden change but to gradually change torque is not undergone mutation, rotate the noise that produces thereby reduced rotor, but the operational efficiency raising in low speed segment and high regime does not help further for the SR motor.
Summary of the invention
The SR motor that provides a kind of low high speed all can efficiently move is provided the utility model main purpose, makes the SR motor no matter operate in low speed segment and still operates in high regime and all can obtain high operational efficiency.
The utility model is mainly solved by following technical proposals at the prior art problem, the SR motor that a kind of low high speed all can efficiently be moved, adopt radially phase separation structure, comprise stator and rotor, also comprise connection in series-parallel changing-over device, every phase winding of SR motor is divided into sub-winding is wound on each salient pole of this phase and at each salient pole and carries out sub-winding beginning, terminal wiring, the beginning of every each sub-winding of phase winding, terminal wiring are drawn in the SR motor stator be connected on the connection in series-parallel changing-over device.
As preferably, the salient pole number of the every phase of SR motor during more than 2 the sub-winding of every phase winding adopt local serial connection and/or and connect wiring drawn, connect into series system or parallel way by connection in series-parallel changing-over device again, series system is that every phase winding is in the sub-winding number of the state of being connected in series more than the sub-winding number of the state of being connected in parallel, and parallel way is that every phase winding is in the sub-winding number of the state of being connected in parallel more than the sub-winding number of the state of being connected in series.Required common coupling part when keeping series system this moment being connected with parallel way in motor stator, the beginning that non-common connection is required, terminal wiring are connected on the connection in series-parallel changing-over device by drawing in the motor stator.When carrying out local connection in series-parallel, consider the electric pressure in institute distribution source.
As preferably, connection in series-parallel changing-over device is manual switch or contactor or ghyristor circuit or power switch pipe circuit.Connection in series-parallel changing-over device is by being switched on or switched off the wiring between each salient pole winding, change the series and parallel mode of winding, namely play a kind of multiple-pole switch effect, can adopt devices such as manual switch (such as two-way disconnecting link switch), contactor, controllable silicon and power switch pipe to realize on request.
As preferably, connection in series-parallel changing-over device is the contactor with a plurality of normally closed switchs and a plurality of normally closed switch, and normally closed switch is connected the lead-out wire of sub-winding with normally closed switch.Integrated cost, reliability and ease of use select for use contactor comparatively suitable.
As preferably, the SR motor is directly to drive the hub-type motor, and directly driving the hub-type motor is external rotor internal stator structure.By the calculating to the various tyre model specifications of automobile, set the various overall dimensions of corresponding wheel hub motor, armature diameter, and by multiple design parameter SR is directly driven wheel hub motor and carry out calculation Design, for this reason by changing the string of SR motor phase windings between each salient pole as connection in series-parallel changing-over devices such as contactors, parallel way, make the SR motor all can obtain greater efficiency at low speed segment and high regime, thereby be mechanical gear box in alternative traditional governing system by connection in series-parallel changing-over device, avoid mechanical transfer gap and gearing friction loss, improved the dynamic response of whole governing system.And weight, volume and the cost of connection in series-parallel changing-over device all will be far below traditional mechanical gear boxes, and the control of being more convenient for is switched, and namely switch the response that has improved low, high speed governing section conversion by electric alternative machinery.
Whole speed adjustable range for the SR motor can adopt modes such as the permanent torque control of current chopping (CCC) and the permanent power control in angle position (APC) by driving governor, quite wide stepless speed regulation scope can be obtained, electric automobile can be satisfied fully in the various speed of a motor vehicle requirements of changeable road conditions.
As preferably, the SR motor adopts servo-control system.Make velocity of rotation, rotational angle and the Acceleration Control of SR motor accurate more and efficient.
The beneficial effect that the utility model brings is, 1, make the SR motor operate in low speed segment and high regime all can obtain greater efficiency, in particular for electric automobile as directly driving the superiority that wheel hub motor more can be brought into play electric automobile; 2, by the mechanical gear box in the alternative traditional governing system of described connection in series-parallel changing-over device, mechanical transfer gap and gearing friction loss have been avoided, improved the dynamic response of whole governing system, and its weight, volume and cost all will be far below traditional mechanical gear boxes, and the control of being more convenient for is switched.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the winding diagram that four windings of the four phase every phases of 16/12 utmost point SR motor adopt four parallel connections;
Fig. 2 is that four windings of the every phase of four phase 16/12 utmost point SR motors adopt the winding diagram of two parallel connections again of two series connection earlier;
Fig. 3 is that four windings of the every phase of four phase 16/12 utmost point SR motors adopt the two exit winding diagrams of changing each other to be connected with four parallel connections in parallel again of two series connection earlier;
Fig. 4 is that four windings of the every phase of four phase 16/12 utmost point SR motors adopt the winding diagrams of two series connection again of two parallel connections earlier;
Fig. 5 be four mutually four windings of the every phase of 16/12 utmost point SR motors adopt two series connection and the four parallel connections exit winding diagram changing each other to be connected again of two parallel connections earlier;
Fig. 6 adopts a contactor that is exclusively used in changing-over SR motor winding series and parallel mode.
Among the figure: A+, B+, C+, D+, A-, B-, C-, D-, A
1, B
1, C
1, D
1, A
2, B
2, C
2, D
2Be sub-winding lead-out wire binding post, KM is the mechanism of cut-offfing of contactor, and K1-K8 is normally closed switch, and S1-S4 is normally closed switch.
Embodiment
Below by embodiment, and by reference to the accompanying drawings, the technical solution of the utility model is further described in detail.
Embodiment: present embodiment with low cruise better performances, torque pulsation less four mutually the SR motor of 16/12 electrode structure be that connection in series-parallel that example is carried out sub-winding connects and string, and conversion.
For four four windings of the every phases of 16/12 utmost point SR motor mutually, two series systems and four parallel waies are changed each other again to adopt two parallel connections earlier.
Employing is exclusively used in the computer finite element analysis emulation of SR motor and can verifies.When the SR of design all size directly drives wheel hub motor, earlier through simulation analysis relatively after, select for use four phases, 16/12 utmost point SR motor to be the basis, and to motor overall dimension, armature diameter, and parameter of structure design such as the pole span of stator and rotor, pole embrace, yoke height, groove are dark, each phase winding number of turn and its line footpath, after optimizing, all adopt identical only change to be around in the series and parallel mode of winding on each salient pole of stator, and set rated speed value at double.The tire circumference that its rated speed value is estimated by various tyres for passenger cars models, be about 45km/h(by the automobile speed per hour respectively and be suitable for the urban district travel speed) and 90 km/h(be suitable for the expressway travel speed) calculate, then obtain to require the rated speed of motor to be made as 375rpm and 750rpm respectively.Adopt the electric machine structure design parameter in full accord with it, winding is respectively two and two strings and four and is connected in parallel, and corresponding rated speed is made as 375rpm respectively and 750rpm carries out Computer Simulation relatively.And the result carries out statistical comparison after the SR wheel hub motor design and simulation that various tyre model are suitable for, two kinds of methods efficient when the rated speed that differs 1 times all can reach more than 90%, when adopting winding two and two polyphones to connect, though efficient is when adopting winding four to be connected in parallel, to run on rated speed 750rpm lower slightly about 1 percentage point when operating in rated speed 375rpm, but adopt winding four to be connected in parallel to run on 250rpm(and be equivalent to the about 30km/h of the speed of a motor vehicle) time efficient only be 40～50%, efficient can reach about 88% when running on 250rpm and adopt winding two and two to contact to connect.
Required common connection (local connection) part when adopting parallel way to be connected with series system for clear and definite each phase winding, in the time of at first need switching on by every phase winding, make polarity of the magnetic field that its adjacent salient pole produces opposite principle each other, draw out the winding connection figure of two kinds of connected modes respectively, find out common coupling part by comparing two kinds of winding diagrams.And then when drawing the exit winding diagram that the dual mode conversion connects, keep common coupling part, and each salient pole winding beginning, the end of all non-common coupling parts all led to the wiring end points.
Since four mutually every phase winding of 16/12 utmost point SR motor have four also, two and two strings, three kinds of modes of connection of four strings, present embodiment only select for use four and with two and two strings, two kinds of modes of connection of conversion each other, go here and there and by order of connection difference following two kinds of methods can be arranged because of two and two again:
A kind of is that four windings of every phase as shown in Figure 2 that adopt usually adopt the mode of connection of two parallel connections again of two series connection earlier, four windings of every phase more as shown in Figure 1 adopt the winding diagram of four parallel connections, and four windings of every phase that can draw as shown in Figure 3 adopt the two exit winding diagrams of changing each other to be connected with four parallel connections in parallel again of two series connection earlier.By Fig. 3 comparison diagram 1 and Fig. 2 as can be known: dual mode is connected as adopting contactor to change each other, and every phase winding just needs two normally closed switchs and four normally closed switch to transfer.Be example mutually with A, when motor runs on low speed speed governing section, require A
1With A
2, A
3With A
4Connected into the mode of connection of the two poles of the earth winding the two poles of the earth in parallel windings in series respectively by two normally closed switchs, when motor runs on high speed speed governing section, require A+ and A
2With A
4, A
1With A
3Connect into the equal mode of connection in parallel of four salient pole windings by four normally closed switch respectively with A-.
When switching on according to every phase winding, requirement makes polarity of the magnetic field that its adjacent salient pole produces opposite principle each other, another kind of four windings of every phase as shown in Figure 4 that can adopt adopt the mode of connection of two series connection again of two parallel connections earlier, four windings of every phase more as shown in Figure 1 adopt the winding diagram of four parallel connections, can draw as shown in Figure 5 four windings of every phase and adopt two series connection and the four parallel connections exit winding diagram changing each other to be connected again of two parallel connections earlier.By Fig. 5 comparison diagram 1 and Fig. 4 as can be known: dual mode is connected as adopting contactor to change each other, and every phase winding only needs a normally closed switch and two normally closed switch to transfer.Be example mutually with A, when motor runs on low speed speed governing section, require A
1With A
2Connect into the mode of connection of the two poles of the earth windings the two poles of the earth in parallel windings in series by a normally closed switch, when motor runs on high speed speed governing section, require A+ and A
2, A
1Connect into the equal mode of connection in parallel of four utmost point windings by two normally closed switch respectively with A-.
So get final product the every utmost point winding of more minimizing by the wiring end points of drawing in the stator, for four mutually 16/12 utmost point SR motor 4 normally closed switchs and 8 normally closed switch need be arranged altogether, can be only realize that with a contactor that is exclusively used in changing-over motor winding series and parallel mode series and parallel changes connection each other.Be illustrated in figure 6 as and adopt a contactor (connection in series-parallel changing-over device) that is exclusively used in changing-over motor winding series and parallel mode, to four mutually four windings of the every phase of 16/12 utmost point SR motors adopt two parallel connections earlier again two series connection change the circuit diagram that is connected each other with four parallel connections, normally closed switch K1-K4 one side connects A+, B+, C+, D+, opposite side connection A
2, B
2, C
2, D
2And by normally closed switch S1-S4 connection A
1, B
1, C
1, D
1, normally closed switch K5-K8 one side connects A
1, B
1, C
1, D
1, opposite side connects A-, B-, C-, D-.And directly drive wheel hub motor for electric automobile, through designing and calculating, because the internal diameter of its internal stator is approximately greater than Φ 100mm, the stator winding wiring can be drawn from the hollow shaft of the about Φ 80mm of internal diameter, a changing-over also can be directly installed in its hollow shaft with contactor, so can greatly reduce the cable of drawing from wheel hub motor.
Claims (6)
1. one kind is hanged down the SR motor that all can efficiently move at a high speed, adopt radially phase separation structure, comprise the stator that has salient pole, the rotor that has salient pole, it is characterized in that: also comprise connection in series-parallel changing-over device, every phase winding of described SR motor is divided into sub-winding is wound on each salient pole of this phase and at each salient pole and carries out sub-winding beginning, terminal wiring, the beginning of described every each sub-winding of phase winding, terminal wiring are drawn in the SR motor stator be connected on the described connection in series-parallel changing-over device.
2. the SR motor that all can efficiently move according to the described a kind of low high speed of claim 1, it is characterized in that: the salient pole number of the every phase of SR motor during more than 2 the sub-winding of every phase winding adopt local serial connection and/or and connect wiring drawn, connect into series system or parallel way by described connection in series-parallel changing-over device again, described series system is that every phase winding is in the sub-winding number of the state of being connected in series more than the sub-winding number of the state of being connected in parallel, and described parallel way is that every phase winding is in the sub-winding number of the state of being connected in parallel more than the sub-winding number of the state of being connected in series.
3. the SR motor that all can efficiently move according to claim 1 or 2 described a kind of low high speeds, it is characterized in that: described connection in series-parallel changing-over device is manual switch or contactor or ghyristor circuit or power switch pipe circuit.
4. the SR motor that all can efficiently move according to the described a kind of low high speed of claim 3, it is characterized in that: described connection in series-parallel changing-over device is the contactor with a plurality of normally closed switchs and a plurality of normally closed switch, and described normally closed switch is connected the lead-out wire of described sub-winding with normally closed switch.
5. the SR motor that all can efficiently move according to the described a kind of low high speed of claim 1, it is characterized in that: described SR motor is directly to drive the hub-type motor, the described hub-type motor that directly drives is external rotor internal stator structure.
6. the SR motor that all can efficiently move according to claim 1 or 5 described a kind of low high speeds, it is characterized in that: described SR motor adopts servo-control system.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN2013200706805U CN203166653U (en) | 2013-02-07 | 2013-02-07 | SR motor capable of efficient operation at both low and high speed |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN2013200706805U CN203166653U (en) | 2013-02-07 | 2013-02-07 | SR motor capable of efficient operation at both low and high speed |
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| Publication Number | Publication Date |
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| CN203166653U true CN203166653U (en) | 2013-08-28 |
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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| CN2013200706805U Expired - Fee Related CN203166653U (en) | 2013-02-07 | 2013-02-07 | SR motor capable of efficient operation at both low and high speed |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103151865A (en) * | 2013-02-07 | 2013-06-12 | 浙江中自机电控制技术有限公司 | Method for efficiently operating switch reluctance (SR) motor at low and high speed and SR motor thereof |
-
2013
- 2013-02-07 CN CN2013200706805U patent/CN203166653U/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103151865A (en) * | 2013-02-07 | 2013-06-12 | 浙江中自机电控制技术有限公司 | Method for efficiently operating switch reluctance (SR) motor at low and high speed and SR motor thereof |
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| C14 | Grant of patent or utility model | ||
| GR01 | Patent grant | ||
| CF01 | Termination of patent right due to non-payment of annual fee | ||
| CF01 | Termination of patent right due to non-payment of annual fee |
Granted publication date: 20130828 Termination date: 20220207 |