CN202966301U - 防爆特殊型蓄电池变频调速电机车 - Google Patents
防爆特殊型蓄电池变频调速电机车 Download PDFInfo
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- CN202966301U CN202966301U CN2012207341681U CN201220734168U CN202966301U CN 202966301 U CN202966301 U CN 202966301U CN 2012207341681 U CN2012207341681 U CN 2012207341681U CN 201220734168 U CN201220734168 U CN 201220734168U CN 202966301 U CN202966301 U CN 202966301U
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- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 26
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- 230000001172 regenerating Effects 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000004880 explosion Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 abstract description 10
- 230000001105 regulatory Effects 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 8
- 238000005299 abrasion Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 3
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Carbonate dianion Chemical compound 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- 230000001133 acceleration Effects 0.000 description 2
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N carbon Chemical compound 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Abstract
本实用新型公开了一种防爆特殊型蓄电池变频调速电机车，包括防爆型电源装置、隔爆插销、交流牵引电动机、隔爆型变频器和用于控制交流牵引电动机工作的转差频率矢量控制牵引变频调速系统；所述防爆型电源装置通过隔爆插销为隔爆型变频器提供直流电，隔爆型变频器把直流电转换成电压和频率可调的三相交流电供给交流牵引电动机。本实用新型与传统直流牵引电动机式电机车相比，具有起动力矩大、无级调速、电气制动效果好、反映迅速、可靠性好、安全系数高、节约能源、维修成本非常低的优点。
Description
防爆特殊型蓄电池变频调速电机车
技术领域
[0001] 本实用新型属于电机车技术领域，具体涉及一种防爆特殊型蓄电池变频调速电机车。
背景技术
[0002] 电机车是煤矿生产和隧道施工的主要运输设备。其驱动系统为直流牵引电动机，通过二级或一级齿轮减速装置将转矩传递给车轮。直流牵引电动机以串励的形式工作，通过电阻调速凸轮控制器或直流斩波控制器来控制电动机，从而实现电机车的启动、运行等控制，制动采用的是机械制动的方式。
[0003] 电阻调速凸轮控制调速方式系带电阻起动、运行，耗电量大；有级调速，齿轮冲击大；触头磨损大、易烧蚀，故障率高，可靠性能安全性能低下，危及安全生产；维修频繁，维修费用高，停产误工时间长。鉴于此，国家矿用产品安全标志中心2010年6月发布公告，规定8t以上的防爆电机车不得使用电阻调速方式。2012年I月，又发布【2012】2号文件，注销8t及以下电阻调速防爆特殊型蓄电池电机车的煤矿矿用产品安全标志，生产企业必须立即停止生产和销售。
[0004] 直流斩波控制调速方式比之电阻调速凸轮控制调速方式，技术上有了很大的进步，起动相对平稳，无级调速，牵引力有提高，故障率低，但驱动电动机采用的仍是直流牵弓I电动机。直流牵引电 动机虽然有很好的牵引特性，但其换向器、电枢结构复杂、制造工艺复杂、成本高；需经常更换电刷，故障率高，维修成本高、使用寿命短；其体积大，不利于整机部置。
[0005] 这两种调速方式均采用机械制动，即通过手轮转动丝杠或气制动方式带动连杆机构，通过增加制动块和车轮之间的接触压力而产生摩擦力来阻止机车运行。直流斩波控制调速方式虽有电气能耗制动，但制动力很弱，使用高耗能电阻，且不能实现能耗再生。这种机械制动方式安全系数低，反应迟缓，操作笨拙，制动效果差；机械磨损大，闸瓦使用寿命很短，更换频繁；在长距离下坡运行过程中，为了满足制动距离的要求，常需往轨道上撒砂来增大摩擦力，使用很不方便；易产生高温，不适合在爆炸性环境中使用；在紧急制动时会使车轮抱死造成脱轨事故。
发明内容
[0006] 本实用新型的目的是提供一种起动力矩大、无级调速、电气制动效果好、反映迅速、可靠性好、安全系数高、节约能源、维修成本非常低的防爆特殊型蓄电池变频调速电机车。
[0007] 实现本实用新型目的的技术方案是:一种防爆特殊型蓄电池变频调速电机车，其特征在于:包括防爆型电源装置、隔爆插销、交流牵引电动机、隔爆型变频器和用于控制交流牵引电动机工作的转差频率矢量控制牵引变频调速系统；所述防爆型电源装置通过隔爆插销为隔爆型变频器提供直流电，隔爆型变频器把直流电转换成电压和频率可调的三相交流电供给交流牵引电动机。
[0008] 上述方案中，所述变频调速系统包括正反牵引控制模块、无极调速模块、恒速控制模块和制动控制模块。
[0009] 上述方案中，所述制动控制模块包括电气再生制动控制模块。电气再生制动的原理是:当电机车需要减速时，使用回馈再生制动，停止供电，变频电动机即在惯性的作用下进入发电状态，产生相反于电动机转动方向的转矩，实现电气制动，制动效果极佳；同时发出的三相交流电经过电气系统整流后对电源装置进行充电，能延长电源装置蓄电池放电时间。机械制动仅用于驻车，在正常运行时采用回馈电气再生制动即可完全满足制动要求，机械制动几乎不用，闸瓦几无磨损，免于维护。这种制动方式从根本上解决了现有的电阻调速凸轮调速和直流斩波调速在驱动和制动方面存在的问题，提高制动性能和安全性能，同时还起到节约能源、降低电能消耗的作用。
[0010] 本实用新型具有积极的效果:(I)本实用新型把交流牵引电动机用于电机车，与传统电机车采用直流牵引电动机相比，具有效率高、输出转矩大、调速平滑的特点。交流牵引电动机电枢无线圈，无换向器，无碳刷，制造工艺简单、坚固耐用、成本低廉，驱动效率高，低转矩脉动，低噪声，不用位置传感器，转速极限高，防潮性能好，运行可靠，优势很明显。
(2)本实用新型的电气系统调速方式采用转差频率矢量控制牵引变频调速系统，充分发挥交流牵引电动机启动转矩大的特点，相比以往的调速，电机车运动具有平稳性，节能性、舒适性等特点，调速性能、起动性能、制动性能极佳。(3)变频调速系统具有正反牵引和制动功能，恒速控制，控制系统采用DSP作为主控单元，实现系统电流和速度双闭环控制。变频调速系统电路结构简单，牵引、制动转换容易，起动加速和制动减速平稳，避免了齿轮冲击，延长了齿轮使用寿命。变频调速系统的向前、向后、起动、牵引、惰行、电气再生制动等整个电路均为无触点控制，不存在触头磨损，免维护。(4)本实用新型可以做成全速度段无级调速控制方式，电机车车速全由调速手柄控制，按设定的速度运行，即使在下坡，也按设定的速度运行，不存在惯性，减速时间可设定，一般在5〜8s。可设定最高车速限制，避免飞车事故。
附图说明
[0011] 图1为本实用新型的一种结构示意图；
[0012] 图2为图1所不变频调速电机车的另一种结构不意图。
具体实施方式
[0013](实施例1)
[0014] 图1和图2显示了本实用新型的一种具体实施方式，其中图1为本实用新型的一种结构不意图；图2为图1所不变频调速电机车的另一种结构不意图。
[0015] 本实施例是一种防爆特殊型蓄电池变频调速电机车，包括防爆型电源装置1、隔爆插销、交流牵引电动机2、隔爆型变频器3和用于控制交流牵引电动机2工作的转差频率矢量控制牵引变频调速系统；所述防爆型电源装置I通过隔爆插销为隔爆型变频器3提供直流电，隔爆型变频器3把直流电转换成电压和频率可调的三相交流电供给交流牵引电动机
2。所述变频调速系统包括正反牵引控制模块、无极调速模块、恒速控制模块和制动控制模块。
[0016] 所述制动控制模块包括电气再生制动控制模块。电气再生制动的原理是:当电机车需要减速时，使用回馈再生制动，停止供电，变频电动机即在惯性的作用下进入发电状态，产生相反于电动机转动方向的转矩，实现电气制动，制动效果极佳；同时发出的三相交流电经过电气系统整流后对电源装置进行充电，能延长电源装置蓄电池放电时间。机械制动仅用于驻车，在正常运行时采用回馈电气再生制动即可完全满足制动要求，机械制动几乎不用，闸瓦几无磨损，免于维护。这种制动方式从根本上解决了现有的电阻调速凸轮调速和直流斩波调速在驱动和制动方面存在的问题，提高制动性能和安全性能，同时还起到节约能源、降低电能消耗的作用。
[0017] 本实施例具有积极的效果:(I)本实施例把交流牵引电动机用于电机车，与传统电机车采用直流牵引电动机相比，具有效率高、输出转矩大、调速平滑的特点。交流牵引电动机电枢无线圈，无换向器，无碳刷，制造工艺简单、坚固耐用、成本低廉，驱动效率高，低转矩脉动，低噪声，不用位置传感器，转速极限高，防潮性能好，运行可靠，优势很明显。(2)本实施例的电气系统调速方式采用转差频率矢量控制牵引变频调速系统，充分发挥交流牵引电动机启动转矩大的特点，相比以往的调速，电机车运动具有平稳性，节能性、舒适性等特点，调速性能、起动性能、制动性能极佳。(3)变频调速系统具有正反牵引和制动功能，恒速控制，控制系统采用DSP作为主控单元，实现系统电流和速度双闭环控制。变频调速系统电路结构简单，牵引、制动转换容易，起动加速和制动减速平稳，避免了齿轮冲击，延长了齿轮使用寿命。变频调速系统的向前、向后、起动、牵引、惰行、电气再生制动等整个电路均为无触点控制，不存在触头磨损，免维护。(4)本实施例可以做成全速度段无级调速控制方式，电机车车速全由调速手柄控制，按设定的速度运行，即使在下坡，也按设定的速度运行，不存在惯性，减速时间可设定，一般在5〜8s。可设定最高车速限制,避免飞车事故。
[0018] 显然，本实用新型的上述实施例仅仅是为清楚地说明本实用新型所作的举例，而并非是对本实用新型的实施方式的限定。对于所属领域的普通技术人员来说，在上述说明的基础上还可以做出其它不同形式的变化或变动。这里无需也无法对所有的实施方式予以穷举。而这些属于本实用新型的实质精神所引伸出的显而易见的变化或变动仍属于本实用新型的保护范围。
Claims (3)
1.一种防爆特殊型蓄电池变频调速电机车，其特征在于:包括防爆型电源装置、隔爆插销、交流牵引电动机、隔爆型变频器和用于控制交流牵引电动机工作的转差频率矢量控制牵引变频调速系统；所述防爆型电源装置通过隔爆插销为隔爆型变频器提供直流电，隔爆型变频器把直流电转换成电压和频率可调的三相交流电供给交流牵弓I电动机。
2.根据权利要求1所述的防爆特殊型蓄电池变频调速电机车，其特征在于:所述变频调速系统包括正反牵引控制模块、无极调速模块、恒速控制模块和制动控制模块。
3.根据权利要求1所述的防爆特殊型蓄电池变频调速电机车，其特征在于:所述制动控制模块包括电气再生制动控制模块。
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Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103448736A (zh) * | 2013-08-28 | 2013-12-18 | 中国恩菲工程技术有限公司 | 无人驾驶电机车 |
| CN103475194A (zh) * | 2013-09-16 | 2013-12-25 | 北京机械设备研究所 | 一种用于电机车的防爆变频器 |
| CN104875752A (zh) * | 2015-04-28 | 2015-09-02 | 龙口市四平有限责任公司 | 双动力源驱动可扳道小型矿用电机车 |
| CN105711606A (zh) * | 2016-04-18 | 2016-06-29 | 中车资阳机车有限公司 | 一种1000kW功率等级纯电动交流传动调车机车 |
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Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103448736A (zh) * | 2013-08-28 | 2013-12-18 | 中国恩菲工程技术有限公司 | 无人驾驶电机车 |
| CN103448736B (zh) * | 2013-08-28 | 2016-01-27 | 中国恩菲工程技术有限公司 | 无人驾驶电机车 |
| CN103475194A (zh) * | 2013-09-16 | 2013-12-25 | 北京机械设备研究所 | 一种用于电机车的防爆变频器 |
| CN104875752A (zh) * | 2015-04-28 | 2015-09-02 | 龙口市四平有限责任公司 | 双动力源驱动可扳道小型矿用电机车 |
| CN105711606A (zh) * | 2016-04-18 | 2016-06-29 | 中车资阳机车有限公司 | 一种1000kW功率等级纯电动交流传动调车机车 |
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