CN202606025U - 一种烟气脱硫塔 - Google Patents
一种烟气脱硫塔 Download PDFInfo
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- CN202606025U CN202606025U CN 201220222791 CN201220222791U CN202606025U CN 202606025 U CN202606025 U CN 202606025U CN 201220222791 CN201220222791 CN 201220222791 CN 201220222791 U CN201220222791 U CN 201220222791U CN 202606025 U CN202606025 U CN 202606025U
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- Prior art keywords
- tower
- smoke
- fume desulfurizing
- wet
- desulfurizing tower
- Prior art date
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- 239000000779 smoke Substances 0.000 title abstract description 12
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 42
- 230000003009 desulfurizing Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 33
- 239000002002 slurries Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 239000007789 gases Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 239000007788 liquids Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 239000010410 layers Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- 230000001413 cellular Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011148 porous materials Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N ammonia Chemical compound data:image/svg+xml;base64,PD94bWwgdmVyc2lvbj0nMS4wJyBlbmNvZGluZz0naXNvLTg4NTktMSc/Pgo8c3ZnIHZlcnNpb249JzEuMScgYmFzZVByb2ZpbGU9J2Z1bGwnCiAgICAgICAgICAgICAgeG1sbnM9J2h0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnJwogICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgeG1sbnM6cmRraXQ9J2h0dHA6Ly93d3cucmRraXQub3JnL3htbCcKICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgIHhtbG5zOnhsaW5rPSdodHRwOi8vd3d3LnczLm9yZy8xOTk5L3hsaW5rJwogICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICB4bWw6c3BhY2U9J3ByZXNlcnZlJwp3aWR0aD0nMzAwcHgnIGhlaWdodD0nMzAwcHgnIHZpZXdCb3g9JzAgMCAzMDAgMzAwJz4KPCEtLSBFTkQgT0YgSEVBREVSIC0tPgo8cmVjdCBzdHlsZT0nb3BhY2l0eToxLjA7ZmlsbDojRkZGRkZGO3N0cm9rZTpub25lJyB3aWR0aD0nMzAwJyBoZWlnaHQ9JzMwMCcgeD0nMCcgeT0nMCc+IDwvcmVjdD4KPHRleHQgZG9taW5hbnQtYmFzZWxpbmU9ImNlbnRyYWwiIHRleHQtYW5jaG9yPSJzdGFydCIgeD0nMTM3LjA2NScgeT0nMTU2LjYnIHN0eWxlPSdmb250LXNpemU6NDBweDtmb250LXN0eWxlOm5vcm1hbDtmb250LXdlaWdodDpub3JtYWw7ZmlsbC1vcGFjaXR5OjE7c3Ryb2tlOm5vbmU7Zm9udC1mYW1pbHk6c2Fucy1zZXJpZjtmaWxsOiM0Mjg0RjQnID48dHNwYW4+Tkg8L3RzcGFuPjx0c3BhbiBzdHlsZT0nYmFzZWxpbmUtc2hpZnQ6c3ViO2ZvbnQtc2l6ZTozMHB4Oyc+MzwvdHNwYW4+PHRzcGFuPjwvdHNwYW4+PC90ZXh0Pgo8L3N2Zz4K data:image/svg+xml;base64,PD94bWwgdmVyc2lvbj0nMS4wJyBlbmNvZGluZz0naXNvLTg4NTktMSc/Pgo8c3ZnIHZlcnNpb249JzEuMScgYmFzZVByb2ZpbGU9J2Z1bGwnCiAgICAgICAgICAgICAgeG1sbnM9J2h0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnJwogICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgeG1sbnM6cmRraXQ9J2h0dHA6Ly93d3cucmRraXQub3JnL3htbCcKICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgIHhtbG5zOnhsaW5rPSdodHRwOi8vd3d3LnczLm9yZy8xOTk5L3hsaW5rJwogICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICB4bWw6c3BhY2U9J3ByZXNlcnZlJwp3aWR0aD0nODVweCcgaGVpZ2h0PSc4NXB4JyB2aWV3Qm94PScwIDAgODUgODUnPgo8IS0tIEVORCBPRiBIRUFERVIgLS0+CjxyZWN0IHN0eWxlPSdvcGFjaXR5OjEuMDtmaWxsOiNGRkZGRkY7c3Ryb2tlOm5vbmUnIHdpZHRoPSc4NScgaGVpZ2h0PSc4NScgeD0nMCcgeT0nMCc+IDwvcmVjdD4KPHRleHQgZG9taW5hbnQtYmFzZWxpbmU9ImNlbnRyYWwiIHRleHQtYW5jaG9yPSJzdGFydCIgeD0nMjMuMjE0NycgeT0nNDYuODQwOCcgc3R5bGU9J2ZvbnQtc2l6ZToyOXB4O2ZvbnQtc3R5bGU6bm9ybWFsO2ZvbnQtd2VpZ2h0Om5vcm1hbDtmaWxsLW9wYWNpdHk6MTtzdHJva2U6bm9uZTtmb250LWZhbWlseTpzYW5zLXNlcmlmO2ZpbGw6IzQyODRGNCcgPjx0c3Bhbj5OSDwvdHNwYW4+PHRzcGFuIHN0eWxlPSdiYXNlbGluZS1zaGlmdDpzdWI7Zm9udC1zaXplOjIxLjc1cHg7Jz4zPC90c3Bhbj48dHNwYW4+PC90c3Bhbj48L3RleHQ+Cjwvc3ZnPgo= N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 12
- 238000000034 methods Methods 0.000 abstract description 12
- 239000000443 aerosols Substances 0.000 abstract description 10
- 229910001385 heavy metals Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 8
- 235000019738 Limestone Nutrition 0.000 abstract description 7
- 239000006028 limestone Substances 0.000 abstract description 7
- 238000006477 desulfuration reactions Methods 0.000 abstract description 6
- 238000010521 absorption reactions Methods 0.000 abstract description 5
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 abstract description 5
- 239000002245 particles Substances 0.000 abstract description 4
- 235000008733 Citrus aurantifolia Nutrition 0.000 abstract description 3
- 235000015450 Tilia cordata Nutrition 0.000 abstract description 3
- 235000011941 Tilia x europaea Nutrition 0.000 abstract description 3
- 235000011114 ammonium hydroxide Nutrition 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000004571 lime Substances 0.000 abstract description 3
- QSHDDOUJBYECFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N mercury Chemical compound 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[Hg] QSHDDOUJBYECFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 3
- 229910052753 mercury Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000007921 sprays Substances 0.000 abstract description 3
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- 238000007086 side reactions Methods 0.000 description 1
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfur Chemical compound 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[S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009736 wetting Methods 0.000 description 1
Abstract
Description
一种烟气脱硫塔
技术领域
[0001] 本实用新型涉及ー种烟气脱硫塔。
背景技术
[0002] 现有的烟气处理技术,无法更加有效的脱除烟气中S02、NOx、酸雾气溶胶、汞、NH3>PM2. 5等复合污染物,它们在大气中能相互或者和其他污染物发生反应,产生严重的大气污染,这也是大气灰霾现象的主要根源。目前的烟气脱硫应用最多、最有效的エ艺是石灰石/石灰-石膏湿法脱硫エ艺,另外,能使产物资源化利用的氨法脱硫エ艺在近几年也有了很大的发展。但是这两种烟气脱硫エ艺装置还存在如下问题:1)石灰石/石灰-石膏湿法脱硫エ艺通常采用两层或三层机械除雾器来除去烟气中的液滴,降低排烟中的含水量, 但这种除雾器对微细液滴的脱除效果差,也不能脱除烟气中的微细粉尘PM2. 5和重金属汞等,导致排烟中含水量、微细粉尘PM2. 5以及重金属含量仍较闻;2)石灰石/石灰-石骨湿法脱硫エ艺虽然能高效脱除烟气中的SO2,但对以气溶胶形式存在的SO3的脱除率却很低,在烟气排放过程中由于水分的存在和温度低等原因,SO3会凝结成酸液,对尾部烟道和烟囱造成腐蚀;3)为提高脱硫后烟气的抬升高度,在石灰石/石灰-石膏湿法脱硫エ艺中通常配有GGH (烟气换热器),将吸收塔排出的湿饱和烟气的烟温提升到80°C以上排放,但安装GGH会带来投资和运行费用增加、脱硫系统运行压降増大,并且,实践证明,烟气经过GGH加热后,烟温仍低于其酸露点,仍然会在尾部烟道和畑®中产生新的酸凝结,腐蚀问题仍然存在;4)现有的氨法脱硫エ艺普遍存在着氨耗高、气溶胶难以消除、排烟时易形成氨雾等问题,“NH3逃逸”造成的成本升高及二次污染的问题成为阻碍氨法脱硫エ艺在燃煤烟气处理领域发展的绊脚石。
[0003] 随着环保标准的日益严格,PM2. 5这种比PMlO危害更大的颗粒物已经成为控制指标,美国环保署(EPA)早在1997就在原有PMlO的标准上增加了 PM2. 5的排放标准,并且规定PM2. 5的三年平均年浓度低于15 μ g/m3,三年中平均99%的24h浓度低于15 μ g/m3 ;我国新颁布的《环境空气质量标准》(GB3095-2012)中规定PM2. 5的年平均浓度ー级标准低于15 μ g/m3, ニ级标准低于35 μ g/m3, 24h浓度ー级标准低于35 μ g/m3, ニ级标准低于75 μ g/m3,而现有的电除尘器或布袋除尘器、电袋除尘器加湿法脱硫装置难以达到环保ー级标准。另外,我国的火电厂烟气脱硝技术多采用SCRエ艺,该エ艺不仅存在氨逃逸,而且副反应使SO3酸雾气溶胶大量増加,而这两个方面,现有技术却没有很好的办法解決。对烟气中汞等重金属的控制方面,现多采用烟道中喷射活性炭吸附技术,该技术不仅使用大量的活性炭,而且对重金属的吸附去除也十分有限。
实用新型内容
[0004] 本实用新型的目的在于提供一种烟气脱硫塔,不仅減少了装置中的除雾器级数,而且还能够脱除烟气中不同粒径的液滴、PM2. 5微细粉尘及重金属汞,并捕捉烟气中以气溶胶形式存在的各种气体粒子,如S03、NH3等。[0005] 为了解决上述技术问题,本实用新型是通过以下技术方案实现的:一种烟气脱硫塔,包括塔体,所述塔体内由下至上依次设置有循环浆液池、喷淋层、机械式除雾器、湿式电除尘器,烟气进ロ设置在喷淋层下方塔体上,烟气出ロ设置在塔体的顶端。
[0006] 优选的,所述喷淋层设有三级或者四级;根据脱硫效率需要确定级数,三级或四级为能达到最佳的脱硫效率。
[0007] 优选的,所述循环浆液池连有浆液循环泵,所述浆液循环泵与喷淋层相连;回收利用浆液。
[0008] 优选的,所述湿式电除尘器包括放电极、集尘极、清理集尘极上灰尘的水膜冲洗装置、为放电极供电的电控装置,所述放电极位于集尘极的上方,所述水膜冲洗装置位于放电极的上方,所述电控装置固定在塔体上;结构简单,脱出烟气中符复合染物更加有效的湿式电除尘器结构。
[0009] 优选的,所述集尘极采用板式或管状或蜂窝状或方孔状排列;板式布置结构简単, 但管状、蜂窝状或方孔状的排列方式能够增加收尘面积。
[0010] 优选的,所述集尘极的极间距或者管孔内径或者内切圆直径为250mnT400mm ;最佳的集尘板尺寸參数,能够较好的去除烟气中的PM2. 5、重金属粒子、气溶胶。
[0011] 优选的,所述塔体内设有的湿式电除尘器为ー级、ニ级或三级;根据电除尘除尘效率的实际需要确定级数。
[0012] 与现有技术相比,本实用新型的优点是:采用湿式电除尘与湿法脱硫结合的方式,脱硫剂既可采用石灰石/石灰或其它碱性物质(包括氨水),用石灰石/石灰等作脱硫剂,水雾及SO3的高效脱除避免了尾部烟道和畑®内壁的冷凝液腐蚀,从而不需要烟气再热等エ序,大大降低了投资费用和运行费用;用氨水作脱硫剂,可有效解决氨法脱硫エ艺普遍存在的“ NH3逃逸”问题,既減少了二次污染,又回收了吸收剂,降低了氨耗量;不仅減少了装置中除雾器级数,而且还能够脱除烟气中不同粒径的液滴、PM2. 5微细粉尘及重金属汞,并捕捉烟气中以气溶胶形式存在的各种气体,如S03、NH3等。
附图说明
[0013] 图I为本实用新型一种烟气脱硫塔的结构示意图;
[0014] 图2为本实用新型一种烟气脱硫塔中采用板式集尘板的湿式电除尘器的俯视图;
[0015] 图3为本实用新型一种烟气脱硫塔中采用蜂窝式集尘板的湿式电除尘器的俯视图。
具体实施方式
[0016] 參阅图I为本实用新型一种烟气脱硫塔的实施例,一种烟气脱硫塔,包括塔体1,所述塔体I内由下至上依次设置有循环浆液池2、喷淋层4、机械式除雾器5、湿式电除尘器6,烟气进ロ 3设置在喷淋层4下方塔体I上,烟气出口 12设置在塔体I的顶端,所述喷淋层4设有三级或者四级,所述循环浆液池2连有浆液循环泵15,所述浆液循环泵15与喷淋层4相连,所述湿式电除尘器6包括放电极8、集尘极7、清理集尘极7上灰尘的水膜冲洗装置11、为放电极8供电的电控装置10,所述放电极8位于集尘极7的上方,所述水膜冲洗装置11位于放电极8的上方,所述电控装置10固定在塔体I上,如图2或图3所示,所述集尘极7采用板式或管状或蜂窝状或方孔状排列,通过支撑梁与塔体I连成一体,所述集尘极7的极间距或者管孔内径或者内切圆直径为250mnT400mm,所述塔体I内设有的湿式电除尘器6为ー级、ニ级或三级。
[0017] 烟气从烟气进ロ 3进入塔体I内,喷淋层4喷淋的浆液吸收烟气中的ニ氧化硫等酸性组分,并对粉尘、金属氧化物、气溶胶、PM2. 5等污染物进行润湿调质及初级洗涤吸收,机械式除雾器5去除大颗粒浆液雾滴,烟气再上升进入湿式电除尘器6,放电极8放电,烟气中的PM2. 5、重金属粒子、气溶胶以及水蒸气颗粒等荷电,在电场カ的作用下荷电的污染物沉降在集尘极7上,顺水膜流入循环浆液池2,其中循环浆液池2设置有浆液氧化装置13、浆液循环泵15、浆液排出泵14,浆液可循环使用,最終净烟气通过顶部烟气出口 12排至烟
囱。湿式电除尘器6上部设置四个高压绝缘箱9,用来悬挂放电极8框架,以及承受全部放电极8和框架的总荷载。高压绝缘箱9采用热风吹扫来保持内部干燥,以免潮湿发生短路。湿式电除尘器6通过自身收集的液体或外接水来保持电极表面的清洁,操作简单。
[0018] 以上所述仅为本实用新型的具体实施例,但本实用新型的技术特征并不局限于此,任何本领域的技术人员在本实用新型的领域内,所作的变化或修饰皆涵盖在本实用新型的专利范围之中。
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CN102688682A (zh) * | 2012-05-16 | 2012-09-26 | 浙江菲达环保科技股份有限公司 | 一种烟气脱硫塔 |
CN103301726A (zh) * | 2013-06-14 | 2013-09-18 | 华南理工大学 | 一种基于调节式活性粒子激发器的脱硫脱硝装置 |
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