CN202598539U - 一种废弃物回转窑焚烧装置 - Google Patents
一种废弃物回转窑焚烧装置 Download PDFInfo
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- CN202598539U CN202598539U CN 201220211137 CN201220211137U CN202598539U CN 202598539 U CN202598539 U CN 202598539U CN 201220211137 CN201220211137 CN 201220211137 CN 201220211137 U CN201220211137 U CN 201220211137U CN 202598539 U CN202598539 U CN 202598539U
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- rotary kiln
- flue
- incinerator
- flue gas
- waste
- Prior art date
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- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 title abstract description 8
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 238000002485 combustion reactions Methods 0.000 claims description 33
- 239000003463 adsorbents Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 abstract description 14
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 abstract description 13
- 239000002910 solid waste Substances 0.000 abstract description 10
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 8
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 abstract description 6
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000010791 quenching Methods 0.000 abstract 3
- 230000000171 quenching Effects 0.000 abstract 3
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 abstract 2
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 abstract 2
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- MYMOFIZGZYHOMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxygen Chemical compound data:image/svg+xml;base64,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 data:image/svg+xml;base64,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 O=O MYMOFIZGZYHOMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 1
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract 1
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N carbon monoxide Chemical compound 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- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium Chemical compound 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Abstract
本实用新型公开了一种废弃物回转窑焚烧装置，包括：回转窑、二次燃烧室、G-G换热器、水冷旋风集尘器、半干式急冷塔、干式喷射装置、布袋除尘器、纳米静电吸附装置、引风机和喷淋洗涤塔，所述回转窑和二次燃烧室组合连接，所述二次燃烧室、所述G-G换热器、所述水冷旋风集尘器、所述半干式急冷塔、所述干式喷射装置、所述布袋除尘器、所述纳米静电吸附装置、所述引风机和所述喷淋洗涤塔依次由烟道连接。本实用新型装置能有效的处理固体废弃物，处理过程中产生的有害气体不对外界直接排放，通过对烟气的降温、急冷、除尘、吸收，使排放的尾气能达到标准，循环利用产生的热风作为回转窑的补氧风，提高回转窑的工作频率，节约能源。
Description
一种废弃物回转窑焚烧装置
技术领域
[0001] 本实用新型涉及ー种废弃物焚烧装置，具体是涉及一种通过回转窑控温热解焚烧和二次燃烧室高温氧化分解，烟气经急冷、除酸、除尘、纳米静电吸附后达标排放标准的一种废弃物回转窑焚烧装置。
背景技术
[0002] 回转式焚烧炉是活动炉床炉中应用最多的ー种。回转窑焚烧炉是ー个圆筒形的有耐火浇注衬里的外壳，其轴心的安装线与水平线略成角度。可用天然气、油或煤粉 作燃料。通常窑体很长，使得燃烧区在整个焚烧炉中只占有一个很小的部分。大多数废物物料由燃料过程中产生的气体以及窑壁传输的热量加热。
[0003] 回转窑焚烧炉炉型技术成熟，操作简单灵活，适用于处理固体、液体、污泥等危险废物，可在高温下运行，具有较高的破坏去除率。该炉目前是国际上公认的和被普遍采用的ー种危险废物焚烧炉型，方法成熟、技术可行，投资及运行成本都可接受。
[0004] 回转窑焚烧炉是国际上通用的废物处理装置，它具有适应性广、运行可靠、焚烧彻底等优点。但是普通回转窑焚烧炉燃烧工作时需要大量的燃料进行高温焚烧，因此浪费能源，并且在处理过程中易产生有害气体，污染环境。
实用新型内容
[0005] 实用新型目的：本实用新型的目的在于提供ー种节能、高效、环保的废弃物回转窑焚烧装置。
[0006] 技术方案：本实用新型所述的废弃物回转窑焚烧装置，包括：回转窑、二次燃烧室、G-G换热器、水冷旋风集尘器、半干式急冷塔、干式喷射装置、布袋除尘器、纳米静电吸附装置、引风机和喷淋洗涤塔，回转窑和二次燃烧室组合连接，所述二次燃烧室、所述G-G换热器、所述水冷旋风集尘器、所述半干式急冷塔、所述布袋除尘器、所述引风机和所述喷淋洗涤塔之间分别通过烟道依次连接；所述干式喷射装置设置在所述半干式急冷塔与所述布袋除尘器之间的烟道上；所述纳米静电吸附装置设置在所述布袋除尘器和所述引风机之间的烟道上。
[0007] 通过回转窑焚烧装置处理废弃物的过程包括：
[0008] 经过预处理的固体废弃物进入回转窑，在微负压状态下，窑内温度始终控制在500〜700°C，根据燃烧3T1E (温度、时间、涡流、过剩系数）原理，固体废弃物在炉本体燃烧室内充分氧化、热解、燃烧。回转窑以每分钟若干转的转速旋转(配置有变频器，可根据废弃物的热值变频调节回转窑的转速)，将含水率高、压死在下面的废弃物自动翻转，一边受热干燥，一边受窑炉的回转而使物料破碎分散，沿着回转窑的倾斜角度和旋转方向缓慢移动，逐渐被干燥、热解和气化并进入到二次燃烧室。
[0009]固体废弃物最后落入二次燃烧室底部的可旋转炉蓖，在回转窑内未完全燃烧的部分在炉蓖上继续焚烧，焚烧产生的灰渣经炉蓖旋转破碎，防止灰渣结块不易出灰，最后灰渣落入水封式捞渣机，经输送机将灰渣输出。焚烧产生的烟气同时在二次燃烧室内进ー步焚烧，二次燃烧室在辅助燃料下温度増加到1100〜1200°C，使焚烧更完全，达到无烟、无臭、无二次污染的效果，烟气在二次燃烧室停留时间大于2秒，使烟气中的微量有机物及ニ噁英得以充分分解，分解效率超过99. 99%，确保进入焚烧装置的动物尸块和危险废物充分燃烧完全。
[0010] 二次燃烧将长链多分子破坏达到燃烧完全的效果，最后高温烟气进入G-G换热器，与送风机送出的风进行换热，使烟气温度降低到1020°C，同时出口热风温度150°C，热风可作为回转窑和二次燃烧室的补氧风。
[0011] 接着高温烟气进入水冷旋风集尘器，除去高温烟气中大量的粉尘，同时烟气温度从1020°C降至600°C左右。
[0012] 为减少ニ噁英再合成的机会，要减少烟气在240〜500°C的滞留时间，采取的措施 为烟气进入半干式急冷塔进行“急冷”处理。半干式急冷塔的碱溶液来自循环碱液池，控制系统控制加压泵按需要供给碱溶液，经反应塔顶部的双流体喷嘴送入反应塔内，碱溶液被双流体喷嘴雾化成细微雾滴，被雾化的碱液雾滴受向上的热烟气作用，在喷嘴附近形成一个碱性雾滴悬浮的高密度区域，烟气中的酸性物质穿过此区域时发生中和反应。温度在Is内迅速从500°C降低到240°C左右，从而有效地抑制了ニ噁英的再生成。同时烟气中的ー些火星被喷入的水雾熄灭，保护后续布袋不被烧坏。产生的飞灰收集到暂存库的飞灰暂存区等候外运处理。
[0013] 随后烟气进入干式喷射装置进行干式除酸及ニ噁英吸收净化处理。在连接烟道处设有装放炭氧化钙(氧化钙粉与活性炭粉的混合物）的贮槽，混合物由星型卸灰阀输送，进入连接烟道。干式喷射装置由罗茨风机构成，提供高压风在烟道里将混合物吹起，与焚烧尾气反应，去除吸收烟气中的ニ卩惡英及SOx、HCl> NOx等酸性成分应及少量重金属,进ー步净化尾气。
[0014] 尾气进入布袋除尘器，去除烟气中滞留的细微粉尘和烟气中部分游离重金属化合物。在管道里喷吹的炭氧化钙进入布袋除尘器，吸附在布袋上，未充分反应吸附的炭氧化钙继续吸收、反应。除尘器设置有旁通烟道，在布袋除尘器进ロ温度不在限值范围时，布袋旁通电磁阀打开，烟气由旁通进入烟囱，确保烟温异常时不对布袋形成致命破坏。
[0015] 尾气再经其后的纳米静电吸附装置进一部去除ニ噁英。
[0016] 经去除微小粉尘和ニ噁英后，烟气进入经引风机引至喷淋洗涤塔进行洗涤，进ー步去除烟气中的酸性成份和细微粉尘，最后经烟囱排入大气中。
[0017] 本实用新型所述的废弃物回转窑焚烧装置，不仅可以处理固体废弃物，也可以同时处理废液和废气。废液和废气经回转窑和二次燃烧室的燃烧转化为烟气，而后的处理步骤与固体废弃物的相同。
[0018] 在所述的废弃物回转窑焚烧装置中可添加多个回转窑或多个水冷旋风集尘器等，用以进行装置的改进和润饰。
[0019] 有益效果：1、本实用新型装置能有效的处理固体废弃物，处理过程中产生的有害气体不对外界直接排放，通过对烟气的降温、急冷、除尘、吸收，使排放的尾气能达到标准；
2、本实用新型装置通过G-G换热器回收热能，循环利用产生的热风作为回转窑的补氧风，提高回转窑的工作频率，节约能源。附图说明
[0020] 图I为本实用新型装置的结构示意图。
具体实施方式
[0021] 下面对本实用新型技术方案进行详细说明，但是本实用新型的保护范围不局限于所述实施例。
[0022] 实施例：如图I所示，本实用新型废弃物回转窑焚烧装置，包括：回转窑I、二次燃烧室2、G-G换热器3、水冷旋风集尘器4、半干式急冷塔5、干式喷射装置6、布袋除尘器7、纳米静电吸附装置8、引风机9和喷淋洗涤塔10，回转窑I和二次燃烧室2组合连接，所述二次燃烧室2、所述G-G换热器3、所述水冷旋风集尘器4、所述半干式急冷塔5、所述布袋除尘器7、所述引风机9和所述喷淋洗涤塔10之间分别通过烟道依次连接；所述干式喷射装 置6设置在所述半干式急冷塔5与所述布袋除尘器7之间的烟道上；所述纳米静电吸附装置8设置在所述布袋除尘器7和所述引风机9之间的烟道上。。
[0023] 经过预处理的固体废弃物进入回转窑1，在微负压状态下，窑内温度始终控制在500〜700°C，根据燃烧3T1E (温度、时间、涡流、过剩系数）原理，固体废弃物在炉本体燃烧室内充分氧化、热解、燃烧。回转窑I以每分钟若干转的转速旋转(配置有变频器，可根据废弃物的热值变频调节回转窑的转速)，将含水率高、压死在下面的废弃物自动翻转，ー边受热干燥，一边受窑炉的回转而使物料破碎分散，沿着回转窑I的倾斜角度和旋转方向缓慢移动，逐渐被干燥、热解和气化并进入到二次燃烧室2。
[0024]固体废弃物最后落入二次燃烧室2底部的可旋转炉蓖，在回转窑I内未完全燃烧的部分在炉蓖上继续焚烧，焚烧产生的灰渣经炉蓖旋转破碎，防止灰渣结块不易出灰，最后灰渣落入水封式捞渣机，经输送机将灰渣输出。焚烧产生的烟气同时在二次燃烧室2内进一步焚烧，二次燃烧室在辅助燃料下温度增加到1100〜1200°C，使焚烧更完全，达到无烟、无臭、无二次污染的效果，烟气在二次燃烧室2停留时间大于2秒，使烟气中的微量有机物及ニ噁英得以充分分解，分解效率超过99. 99%，确保进入焚烧装置的动物尸块和危险废物充分燃烧完全。
[0025] 二次燃烧将长链多分子破坏达到燃烧完全的效果，最后高温烟气进入G-G换热器3，与送风机送出的风进行换热，使烟气温度降低到1020°C，同时出口热风温度150°C，热风可作为回转窑I和二次燃烧室2的补氧风。
[0026] 接着高温烟气进入水冷旋风集尘器4，除去高温烟气中大量的粉尘，同时烟气温度从1020°C降至600°C左右。
[0027] 为减少ニ噁英再合成的机会，要减少烟气在240〜500°C的滞留时间，采取的措施为烟气进入半干式急冷塔5进行“急冷”处理。半干式急冷塔5的碱溶液来自循环碱液池，控制系统控制加压泵按需要供给碱溶液，经反应塔顶部的双流体喷嘴送入反应塔内，碱溶液被双流体喷嘴雾化成细微雾滴，被雾化的碱液雾滴受向上的热烟气作用，在喷嘴附近形成一个碱性雾滴悬浮的高密度区域，烟气中的酸性物质穿过此区域时发生中和反应。温度在Is内迅速从500°C降低到240°C左右，从而有效地抑制了ニ噁英的再生成。同时烟气中的ー些火星被喷入的水雾熄灭，保护后续布袋不被烧坏。产生的飞灰收集到暂存库的飞灰暂存区等候外运处理。
[0028] 随后烟气进入干式喷射装置6进行干式除酸及ニ噁英吸收净化处理。在连接烟道处设有装放炭氧化钙(氧化钙粉与活性炭粉的混合物）的贮槽，混合物由星型卸灰阀输送，进入连接烟道。干式喷射装置6由罗茨风机构成，提供高压风在烟道里将混合物吹起，与焚烧尾气反应，去除吸收烟气中的ニ噁英及SOx、HC1、NOx等酸性成分应及少量重金属，进ー步净化尾气。
[0029] 尾气进入布袋除尘器7，去除烟气中滞留的细微粉尘和烟气中部分游离重金属化合物。在管道里喷吹的炭氧化钙进入布袋除尘器7，吸附在布袋上，未充分反应吸附的炭氧化钙继续吸收、反应。除尘器设置有旁通烟道，在布袋除尘器7进ロ温度不在限值范围吋，布袋旁通电磁阀打开，烟气由旁通进入畑®，确保烟温异常时不对布袋形成致命破坏。 [0030] 尾气再经其后的纳米静电吸附装置8进一部去除ニ噁英。
[0031] 经去除微小粉尘和ニ噁英后，烟气进入经引风机9引至喷淋洗涤塔10进行洗涤，进ー步去除烟气中的酸性成份和细微粉尘，最后经烟®排入大气中。
[0032] 如上所述，尽管參照特定的优选实施例已经表示和表述了本实用新型，但其不得解释为对本实用新型自身的限制。在不脱离所附权利要求定义的本实用新型的精神和范围前提下，可对其在形式上和细节上作出各种变化。
Claims (3)
1. 一种废弃物回转窑焚烧装置，其特征在于包括：回转窑（I)、二次燃烧室（2)、G-G换热器（3)、水冷旋风集尘器（4)、半干式急冷塔（5)、干式喷射装置（6)、布袋除尘器（7)、纳米静电吸附装置（8)、引风机（9)和喷淋洗涤塔（10)，所述回转窑（I)和所述二次燃烧室（2)组合连接，所述二次燃烧室（2 )、所述G-G换热器（3 )、所述水冷旋风集尘器（4 )、所述半干式急冷塔（5)、所述布袋除尘器（7)、所述引风机（9)和所述喷淋洗涤塔（10)之间分别通过烟道依次连接；所述干式喷射装置（6)设置在所述半干式急冷塔（5)与所述布袋除尘器（7)之间的烟道上；所述纳米静电吸附装置（8)设置在所述布袋除尘器（7)和所述引风机（9)之间的烟道上。
2.根据权利要求I所述的废弃物回转窑焚烧装置，其特征在于：所述回转窑（I)为2个以上，相互之间组合连接。
3.根据权利要求I所述的废弃物回转窑焚烧装置，其特征在于：所述水冷旋风集尘器(4)为2个以上。
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| CN110186056A (zh) * | 2019-05-15 | 2019-08-30 | 南京河海环境研究院有限公司 | 一种化工企业危险废物焚烧处理方法 |
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