CN202283867U - 一种抽屉式快换电池模块的电动轿车 - Google Patents
一种抽屉式快换电池模块的电动轿车 Download PDFInfo
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- CN202283867U CN202283867U CN2011202254409U CN201120225440U CN202283867U CN 202283867 U CN202283867 U CN 202283867U CN 2011202254409 U CN2011202254409 U CN 2011202254409U CN 201120225440 U CN201120225440 U CN 201120225440U CN 202283867 U CN202283867 U CN 202283867U
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- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 description 11
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium Chemical compound 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- WBJZTOZJJYAKHQ-UHFFFAOYSA-K Iron(III) phosphate Chemical compound 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- 235000012970 cakes Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N carbon Chemical compound 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Classifications
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T90/00—Enabling technologies or technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02T90/10—Technologies relating to charging of electric vehicles
- Y02T90/12—Electric charging stations
Abstract
本实用新型涉及一种抽屉式快换电池模块的电动轿车，所述轿车的动力电池系统包括：电池外箱体，该电池外箱体上装有滑道槽、输出电力的标准插头、导向孔、锁孔、进风孔及仓体。所诉电池模块包括电池内箱体，在其上装有滑道、锁止机构、导向销、输送电力的标准化插座、通风机、密封件、缓冲件，该电池内箱体里装有动力电池组、电池管理系统、通风机等电器元件。内箱体可在外箱体里推进和拉出，形成抽屉式快装快卸式模块。所诉的电池模块装在后桥地板下方并能向后拉出车外，在快换设备和人力车的配合下实现了电池模块的快速更换，发明了一种新型轿车。
Description
一种抽屉式快换电池模块的电动轿车
技术领域
[0001] 本发明属于电动汽车技术领域，更加具体地说，涉及一种用于交通的可快速更换动力电池系统集成模块的电动轿车。
背景技术
[0002] 随着社会的发展，有限的石油资源和环境污染问题变得日益突出，这使得电动汽车越来越引起社会的重视，电动汽车成了未来汽车发展的方向。电动汽车上的核心技术之一是能源供给系统。解决好这一技术便成了电动汽车产业化发展的技术关键。电动汽车装载量和用电量大，一般轿车续驶里程150到200公里需要装电能30千瓦时左右的电量，如果想快速充电几分钟完成，则需要300千瓦的功率。全国如果有1000万台电动车同时快速充电的情况下，就是30亿千瓦，相当我国现在电力总装机量近4倍，可见将给电网带来极大困难。随着未来电动汽车保有量的增加，电动汽车作为用电负荷的影响将日益增强。电动汽车充电机是一种非线性设备，易导致电网损耗增加、设备过热及寿命损失。同时会造成电压畸变、功率因数下降，影响电网中其它用电设备的正常运行。直流充电系统是一种非线性用电负荷，交直流变换过程中产生大量的谐波电流注入公用电网，增加电网谐波含量，将导致公用电网污染，使用电设备环境恶化，对通信系统和公用电网以外设备带来威胁和侵害， 给电网安全稳定运行和其他用户用电带来严重影响。
[0003] 对比电动汽车的大量用电与电特性，比较一下我国的电网电力情况，我国电力装机总容量达8. 6亿千瓦，仅次于美国，成为全球第二电力大国。即使如此容量，2010年7月 29日，全国日发电量创出134. 3亿千瓦时新高，可见高峰期用电也十分紧张。而且，我国发电企业火电所占的比列还相当大。预计2010年全国电厂发电、供热生产电煤消耗超过17亿吨。如电动车晚上充电白天换电，减少火电机组启停损失，提高火电机组系统运行经济性、 降低成本、才算起到节能减排效果，反之将浪费大量能源和污染环境。
[0004] 电网要保证电力供应和电力需求适时平衡，就要适应电力负荷的时刻变化，这样电网公司就必须拥有足够的调峰调频容量。用电量增大就伴随着峰谷差越来越大，而各电网的调峰能力普遍不足，如果高峰时段再给电动汽车快速充电，电网很难安全运行。只好采用间接的电能转换方式给电动车快速充电，这样虽说不会对电网产生影响，但是属于电能二次转换，效率低、成本高、投资大，大量的充电站建设也会给城市建设带来影响，难于实现。
[0005] 如上所述电动车用电量大且属于二次能源，高峰时段用电不环保也不经济。采用常规电能转换的蓄能电站对电动车快速充电，又属于电能再次转换，也不是最优化方案。为此，不难得出结论：“充电站的蓄能设备直接兼顾电动车的动力电池模块才是最优化的选择方案”。即使发展核电能满足高峰充电，但是低谷如何填平问题，也得靠电动车低谷充电获得调节，均衡生产，提高效率，降低成本。
[0006] 也就是说电动车的能量供给模式：只能靠标准化、通用化、系列化的动力电池系统模块来实现。在城市近郊建设大型集中充电站，实施换电为主、充电为辅、商业化配送，定点销售。
[0007] 更有利的是，快换的电池模块与车体能快速分离，更具有维修方便性。在异常情况下，对锂电池的安全使用也具有重要意义。对电网来讲可实现削峰添谷、随时启停、调节灵敏、并网迅速、提高效率及满足应急用电要求。再有本案可接受风、光、电、热等小型发电设备的充电，对广阔的新能源开发领域均有着积极的作用和意义。
[0008] 综上所述，电动汽车具有节能、环保、效率高的优势，也有其发展的难题，只有跨行业综合考虑，苛求最佳方案才能解决电动车的发展问题。本发明出于这种思想设计了上述电动轿车，在电动车的布置及整车性能方面进行了合理性、适应性、专业性设计研究，并提出了标准化快换的电池系统模块在电动轿车上的应用方法。提供一种快速更换动力电池的电动轿车。保证其与快换设备配合2到3分钟内快换动力电池，从而与电网设施配套，解决锂电池的安全使用、锂电池怕冷怕热、充电时间长续驶里程短的问题。为电动轿车能源供给提出了一条无线移动能源的新出路，为新能源汽车的产业化发展提供了技术支撑。
发明内容
[0009] 本发明的目的就是为了解决上述问题而提出的。
[0010] 更加具体地说，本发明的一个目的是通过整车的合理布置和匹配与结构设计，提供一种快速更换动力电池的电动轿车。保证其与快换设备配合2到3分钟内快换动力电池， 从而与电网设施配套，解决锂电池的安全使用、锂电池怕冷怕热、充电时间长续驶里程短的问题。
[0011] 本发明提出的一种抽屉式快换电池模块的电动轿车，其特征是：这种电动轿车的动力电池系统有电池外箱体和电池内箱体，外箱体与汽车地板成为一体，内箱体内装有动力电池组，管理系统形成独立的电池集成模块下称电池模块，通过空间三轴定位锁止与连接器插座浮动的原理实现了可靠传递电力和锁止，该电池模块安装在电动轿车后排座椅下方，向后到后保险杠之间，保险杠开有活门，其开度要保证电池模块从轿车后部抽屉式的拉出和推进。
[0012] 在该电池外箱体上安装了滑轨、输送电力的标准插头、导向销的定位孔、锁止机构销孔。在所述的内箱体上安装了与所述电池外箱体上滑轨匹配和对应的滑道、电力输送标准插座、导向销、锁止机构及锁销。所述内箱体内装有电池组、管理系统、热管理风机、控制元件，统称为电池模块。
[0013] 以上所述电池内箱体上的滑道沿着所述电池外箱体上的滑轨推进所述电池外箱体内时，其上的输送电力标准插座、导向销、锁止机构上的锁销分别与所述电池外箱体上的输送电力标准插头、导向销的定位孔、锁止机构销孔实现插接，反之，通过解锁可以将电池内箱体抽屉式拉出。由于动力电池组被装在电池内箱体里，所以实现了电动轿车的动力电池组的快换。并可靠的安装锁止及可靠输送电力，如此便实现了动力电池与轿车分体充电即非车载充电，实现了集中充电，分散更换电池组的能源供给模式。
[0014] 为实现上述目的，本案在整车设计上与传统车比，保证和进一步提高了轿车的使用性能。本技术方案上前桥采用了《电动车双电机差速防滑驱动桥》，传统前驱动轿车空载前桥轴荷都大于后轴很多，采用本案后满足了空车四轮基本均载。一般轿车在空载和半载时运行时间最长，约占总里程的90%，会带来良好的经济性。本技术方案严格控制了轿车的质量重心位置，不但电池模块布置位置较低，前机舱中的双电机与减速器机组位置也较低， 而且都在所述轿车纵向、横向轴线的对称位置。为此，整个所述轿车的质量重心位置处于理想位置。能够满足和提高电动轿车的转向、制动、操纵稳定性等各种使用性能。本技术方案电池集成模块离轿车后保险杠留有足够的空间，配合有较强的骨架结构，也会保证轿车碰撞时电池的安全性。
[0015] 为实现上述目的，本案所述电动轿车主要总成与传统轿车不同的总成包括：动力电池系统集成模块、前桥电机驱动系统、整车控制集成系统。其余的总成部分基本与传统轿车类同。
[0016] 优选的，本案所述的电池模块可以根据轿车后悬长短设计成阶梯式或矩形结构均可，对于后桥地板下有足够空间的轿车，本方案十分容易实施。一般现在国内生产的锰酸锂和磷酸铁锂电池，有60安时和90安时电池，均可以装到20kwh到30kwh左右。可以满足轿车续驶150到200公里左右，对于具体设计要求可根据需要确定。
[0017] 本方案轿车的车身改动是：保险杠开个抽屉式电池箱的门，优选的可以能向上掀开。原来备胎改换到其他地方放置。
附图说明
[0018] 图1是本案轿车的布置图。
[0019] 图2是轿车的后部，表示保险杠处开有活门，以便电池模块推进和拉出。
[0020] 图3表示电池模块锁止在外箱体里的总成示意图。
[0021] 图4表示电池模块总成的部件分解图。
[0022] 图5表示电池模块用导向销与锁销在空间三轴方向固定在外箱体里的状态，及输送电力的连接器插头与插座的插接状态剖面图。
[0023] 图6是连接器的插座组件与插头组件插接状态的局部放大图。
[0024] 图7是锁止机构的外形立体图。
[0025] 图8是锁止机构的剖面图。
具体实施方式
[0026] 图1中：1保险杠、2为地板、3为后桥、4为后排座椅、5为电池模块总成，包括：外箱体、6前排座椅、7前桥、8驱动系统。
[0027] 图2中9是保险杠、10是保险杠处的活门。
[0028] 图1中明确可见利用备胎与三人座椅下面空间布置了动力电池集成模块5，如此使地板2与普通轿车有了些变化。
[0029] 本布置的显著技术特征是重心低，而且重心在纵向与横向对称轴线位置，按汽车的前后左右轴线载荷均勻分布。如此可以实现四轮均载，其效果具有良好的操从稳定性、平顺性与经济性。因为一般轿车在90%的时间是半载，油箱又是可变载荷，一般为节油都加不满油箱。这样传统轿车前桥负荷较重，与本案相比，电池是不变的载荷并偏向后部位置，装载量也适宜，本案布置实现了空载中心对称，四轮均载，提高了汽车的使用性能，具有明显的技术优势。
[0030] 下面说明快装快卸电池系统的结构原理。图3表示动力电池系统集成模块总成(包括外箱体叫电池模块总成，不包括外箱体叫电池模块)插接在一起的状态。图4是电池模块总成分解图，该图中的5-1是如上所诉的电池外箱体，该电池外箱体前部立面是开口的， 以保证电池内箱体的推进和拉出。其上装有输送电力的连接器插头5-2。
[0031] 图中5-5是电池内箱体，其后部装有电池模块的后盖5-3，其上安装了输送电力的连接器插座5-4与进风口 5-3-1A。其上前部安装了电池管理系统5-11，两个通风机5-12A 与5-12B，通风机的进风口 5-5-4A与5-5-4B在电池内箱体的对应前立面上。在其左右端立面两处各安装了锁止机构5-8A与5-8B，其上的后立面的孔5-5-5是通风孔与动力线的过线孔。图中5-6是电池组，装载量为20到30千瓦时，保证200公里的续驶里程，在能源供给方便的条件下，是比较适宜的装载量。图中5-7是电池内箱体上盖，为保证电安全该盖是绝缘材料。图中5-9是电池箱前盖其上设置有排风口 5-9-1A与5-9-1B、观察孔5_9_2、锁止状态观察孔5-9-3A与5-9-;3B。图中5_10是电池箱前盖上的透明的高强板，装在内箱体上和里面的部件具有高度集成特征，为此称为电池集成模块，简称电池模块。
[0032] 图5中是电池模块推进外箱体内的状态图，该图前后进行了局部剖视。用以说明电池模块的锁止过程：图4中的电池内箱体5-5的左右立面外侧有滑道5-5-1A与5-5-1B， 所述滑道沿着电池外箱体5-1左右立面内侧的滑道槽5-1-1A与5-1-1B可使电池内箱体 5-5推进和拉出。在图4中可见：为保证输送电力的连接器插头5-2能顺利插进连接器插座5-4中，在图5中可见电池内箱体的后立面上设计了导向销5-5-2A与5-5-2B，与其对应的电池外箱体5-1的后立面上有导向销孔5-1-2A与5-1-2B。在电池外箱体5_1的前端左右立面上有锁止机构的锁销孔5-1-3A与5-1-;3Β，与其对应的锁止机构5-8A与5-8B上分别有锁销5-8-1A与5-8-1B。在电池外箱体5_1的后立面上安装了输送电力的连接器插头 5-2，与其对应的电池内箱体5-5的后立面上的后盖5-3上安装了输送电力的连接器插座 5-4。如此，在电池内箱体5-5推进电池外箱体5-1的过程中，以上所诉的对应的部件便相互插进，如图5中的插接状态，该方法可称为空间四销定位，实施了空间X、Y、Z的三轴定位。
[0033] 下面说明锁止机构的工作过程：本案的锁止机构采用斜面原理使锁销移动开锁的方法。在内箱体受力推进外箱体时，图5中的锁销5-8-1Α与5-8-1Β前端外圆是在锁销孔前面的斜面5-5-3Α与5-5-¾的反作用力下，推动锁销5-8-1A与5-8-1B压缩弹簧5-8-2A 与5-8-2B到锁销孔位置时便实现插接，完成锁止。
[0034] 开锁的过程是：图7是锁止机构总成的外形图，图7是剖面图，图中5-8-1是锁销5-8-2是锁销回位弹簧、5-8-3是锁止状态观察孔挡板，其上贴有反光膜片5-8-4、5-8-5 是锁止状态观察孔挡板紧固螺母、5-8-6是回位弹簧的定位螺母、5-8-7是回位弹簧的定位螺母的倍母、5-8-8是锁体、5-8-9是锁后盖、5-8-10是导向轴、5_8_11是斜面拉杆回位弹簧、5-8-12是斜面拉杆、5-8-13是拉手、5_8_14是拉手紧固螺栓、5_8_15是锁销上的滚轮、 5-8-16是锁销上滚轮的轴。图中拉手5-8-13连着斜面拉杆5_8_12，在图上明显可见5_8_12 斜面拉杆上设计有斜面，拉动拉手5-8-13时，斜面推动滚轮5-8-15运动，滚轮5_8_15带动锁销5-8-1压缩弹簧5-8-2向开锁方向移动，使锁销5-8-1脱离锁销孔5_1_3时实现解锁。 此办法结构简单，体积小，强度可靠。
[0035] 值得强调的一点，在图5中电池内箱体5-5推进电池外箱体5-1的过程中，还必须有防震结构：电池内箱体推进电池外箱体时，内箱体后端设计有缓冲胶垫5-13A与5-13B， 该胶垫被内箱体压缩到一定的预紧力时，锁销5-8-1A与5-8-1B正好插进锁销孔5-1-3A与5-1-¾中，该胶垫实施的预紧力对电池的震动撞击具有保护作用。
[0036] 下面对照图6说明插头5-2与插孔5-4的插接过程：图6是连接器插头5_2与连接器插座5-4的组装图。该结构本案不再详述，本案只把增加的防震结构加以说明。图中： 插头5-2是电池外箱体与车辆是刚性连接的，电池内箱体5-5装在电池外箱体5-1里是活动链接的。为此，由于制造误差要有间隙，在汽车振动时电池内外箱体要有相对震动。为防止插头相对插座受震动的影响。图6中插座5-4的支撑板5-4-2的联装孔中放置了弹性定心圈5-4-1A与5-4-1B。所诉弹性定心圈的孔中心放置了固定钢套5-4-4A与5-4-4B，在螺栓5-4-3A与5-4-¾紧固时支撑板5-4-2保持不被夹紧。不难理解，由于弹性定心圈可以被压缩，在插头5-2已经插进插座5-4的过程中，插头5-2可以通过插头导向销5-2-1A与 5-2-1B带动插头5-4的支撑板5-4-2做移动，而插头5_2与插座5_4之间没有相对移动，起到了防震作用。
[0037] 下面说明滑道结构：图4中本案给出的实例滑道5-5-1A与5_5_1B的结构上比较简单，优选的可以做出好的其他结构，如把滑动改成滚动类或矩形槽可改成其他形状的槽等。但是只要保证动力电池模块能够顺利拉出和推进的要求，满足防震和承载要求就行。本案在此不再列举结构。
[0038] 下面说明通风结构部分：图4中本技术方案采取离心式通风机5-12两个图中的左右加了 A和B字母。电池外箱体后部的进风孔5-1-4A与5-1-4B可与较干净的风道连接。 风是通过孔5-1-4A与5-1-4B到电池内箱体后盖5_3的侧面进风口 5-3-1A与5-3-1B，再通过电池内箱体后立面的方孔5-5-5进入到电池内箱体，电池内箱体的排除风通道是通过电池内箱体前部的风机进风孔5-5-4A与5-5-4B进入风机5-12A与5-12B后，该风机压力较高将风排到前盖5-9内通过5-9-1A与5-9-1B将风排到电动轿车后尾部的电池箱的外面。
[0039] 如上所述导向销和锁销可实现四销定位，在空间X、Y、Z三轴方向上获得了锁止定位。在车辆异常情况下动力电池模块也不会甩出车外。同时保证了连接器的插头和插孔的自动插接，插座相对插头浮动连接，具有防震性能，可安全的输送电力。
[0040] 如上所述在人工和机械的配合下顺利解锁很容易实现快装快卸。在所述动力电池模块上可安装相关的密封、绝缘、缓冲、防震等零件，这些内容较容易理解和实现，为此本案不再详细论述。
[0041]，如上所述本案解决了电动轿车动力电池系统集成模块的装载、锁止定位、解锁快卸、防震、通风、电力输送等技术问题。同时，在整车性能上解决了轿车的四轮均勻载荷、解决了重心的纵向与横向对称与降低位置，提高了操从稳定性、舒适性与经济型。
[0042] 如上所诉本案实现了可快速更换电池的电动轿车，在轿车本身获取能源方面创造了条件。可实现分体充电，电站集中充电、商业化配送。对电动汽车的产业化具有一定的积极意义和作用。
[0043] 本发明通过上面的实施例进行举例说明，但是，应当理解，本案在这里包含这些特殊实例和实施方案的目的在于帮助本领域中的技术人员实践本发明。任何本领域中的技术人员很容易在不脱离本发明精神和范围的情况下进行进一步的改进和完善，因此本发明只受到本发明权利要求的内容和范围的限制，其意图涵盖所有包括在由所附权利要求所限定的本发明精神和范围内的备选方案和等同方案。
[0044] 虽然上面已经结合附图详细说明了本发明，但本领域技术人员应该意识到上述说明仅仅是对具体实施方式的示意阐述，在实施具体电动轿车设计时其动力电池的集成模块形状和位置及整车其它设备的布置仍视具体情况而定。
Claims (2)
1.本发明一种抽屉式快换电池模块的电动轿车，其特征是：这种电动轿车的动力电池系统有电池外箱体和电池内箱体，外箱体与汽车地板成为一体，内箱体内装有动力电池组， 管理系统形成独立的电池集成模块，下称电池模块，通过空间三轴定位锁止与浮动的电连接器实现了可靠传递电力和锁止，该电池模块安装在电动轿车后排座椅地板下方，向后到后保险杠之间，保险杠开有活门，其开度要保证电池模块从轿车后部抽屉式的拉出和推进。
2.根据权利要求1所述一种抽屉式快换电池模块的电动轿车，其特征还在于：电池外箱体与地板结合为一个密封的整体，并在外箱体上安装了滑轨、输送电力的电连接器插头组件、导向销的定位孔、锁止机构销孔部件；电池内箱体上安装了与所述电池外箱体上对应的滑道、输送电力的标准插座、导向销、锁止机构、锁销；所述电池模块沿着电池外箱体上的滑轨推进电池外箱体内时，其上输送电力的标准插座、导向销、锁止机构上的锁销，分别与所述电池外箱体上输送电力的标准插头、导向销的定位孔、锁止机构的销孔，对应的实现插接，实现了所述电池模块在所述电池外箱体内的安装固定，反之既可以快速解锁和拆卸。
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Cited By (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102849039A (zh) * | 2011-06-30 | 2013-01-02 | 北京理工大学 | 一种抽屉式快换电池模块的电动轿车 |
| CN103253243A (zh) * | 2013-04-27 | 2013-08-21 | 北京理工华创电动车技术有限公司 | 电池箱锁止保持结构 |
| CN103661305A (zh) * | 2013-08-06 | 2014-03-26 | 湖北文理学院 | 一种高安全性快换电池箱锁紧装置 |
| CN102849039B (zh) * | 2011-06-30 | 2016-12-14 | 北京理工大学 | 一种抽屉式快换电池模块的电动轿车 |
| AT521723A1 (de) * | 2018-10-22 | 2020-04-15 | Avl List Gmbh | Elektrisches Speichergerät |
| CN113815480A (zh) * | 2021-11-02 | 2021-12-21 | 中科京投环境科技江苏有限公司 | 一种新能源汽车换电系统 |
-
2011
- 2011-06-30 CN CN2011202254409U patent/CN202283867U/zh not_active Expired - Lifetime
Cited By (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102849039A (zh) * | 2011-06-30 | 2013-01-02 | 北京理工大学 | 一种抽屉式快换电池模块的电动轿车 |
| CN102849039B (zh) * | 2011-06-30 | 2016-12-14 | 北京理工大学 | 一种抽屉式快换电池模块的电动轿车 |
| CN103253243A (zh) * | 2013-04-27 | 2013-08-21 | 北京理工华创电动车技术有限公司 | 电池箱锁止保持结构 |
| CN103253243B (zh) * | 2013-04-27 | 2015-01-07 | 北京理工华创电动车技术有限公司 | 电池箱锁止保持结构 |
| CN103661305A (zh) * | 2013-08-06 | 2014-03-26 | 湖北文理学院 | 一种高安全性快换电池箱锁紧装置 |
| AT521723A1 (de) * | 2018-10-22 | 2020-04-15 | Avl List Gmbh | Elektrisches Speichergerät |
| CN113815480A (zh) * | 2021-11-02 | 2021-12-21 | 中科京投环境科技江苏有限公司 | 一种新能源汽车换电系统 |
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