CN202229631U - 一种热交换器 - Google Patents
一种热交换器 Download PDFInfo
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- CN202229631U CN202229631U CN2011203125392U CN201120312539U CN202229631U CN 202229631 U CN202229631 U CN 202229631U CN 2011203125392 U CN2011203125392 U CN 2011203125392U CN 201120312539 U CN201120312539 U CN 201120312539U CN 202229631 U CN202229631 U CN 202229631U
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- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 230000000737 periodic Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
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- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 39
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000001172 regenerating Effects 0.000 description 3
- CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N acetone Chemical compound 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- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminum Chemical compound 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Abstract
本实用新型公开了一种热交换器,包括换热管束、壳体和管板,所述的管板位于壳体的两侧,所述的换热管束的两端固定于管板上,并穿过所述的管板,其特征在于:所述的换热管束截面面积的大小及分布满足谢尔宾斯基地毯式分形结构特征,且所述的分形级数为2~8级。本实用新型充分利用了壳体空间来最大限度地布置换热管束以增加换热面积,同时,所述的换热管束呈多级阵列布置且在壳体内经过周期性的截面变化,大大提高了流动换热的场协同性,亦最大限度地提高了热交换器的热有效性(换热量/泵功),达到高效换热和节能的目的。
Description
一种热交换器
技术领域
[0001] 本实用新型涉及一种流动换热装置,具体涉及的是一种为强化流动换热综合性能而设计的具有谢尔宾斯基(Sierpinski)地毯式结构特征换热管束的热交换器。
背景技术
[0002] 目前,热交换器已普遍应用于工业生产中,例如在石油化工、能源、动力、机械制造、环保、航空航天等工业领域,热交换器都得到了广泛应用,且具有很重要的地位。因此, 对热交换器进行优化设计以提高其流动换热效率显得尤为重要。
[0003] 热交换器通常是在一个壳体内布置许多相同的平行管束,一种流体在管内流动, 另一种流体在壳侧流动,冷热两种流体通过换热管束进行热量交换。由场协同理论可知,这种平行管束的布置方法对于流动换热而言并不是很合理的布置方式。但目前对热交换器的优化设计却大多基于此类结构开展。为提高流动换热效率,目前采取的强化传热手段主要有:(1)对管束内外表面进行螺纹形、波纹形等多种形式设计;(2)在管束外的流体空间内采用折流板式的结构设计。这些强化传热手段使流体在流动换热区域内产生持续的局部扰动,提高流体湍动能强度,进而改善传热特性。然而这些优化手段却导致了流动阻力的增力口,即增加了泵功消耗。
[0004] 为此,迫切需要开展热交换器内换热管束结构优化设计以实现高效换热。受 Sierpinski地毯分形结构的思想启迪,本实用新型将热交换器的换热管束设计成 Sierpinski地毯式分形结构特征,以提高热交换器的流动换热综合性能,即最大限度的提高热交换器的热有效性(换热量/泵功),进而达到高效换热和节能的目的。
发明内容
[0005] 要解决的技术问题
[0006] 本实用新型要解决的技术问题是现有的热交换器内换热管束在结构设计上存在的泵功消耗和传热性能不匹配的问题。本实用新型提供了一种新型的具有Sierpinski地毯式结构特征换热管束的多尺度Sierpinski地毯式热交换器,该热交换器能大大提高其热有效性,达到高效换热和节能目的。
[0007] 技术方案
[0008] 为解决上述技术问题,本实用新型采用的技术方案是:
[0009] 一种热交换器,包括换热管束、壳体和管板,所述的管板位于壳体的两侧,所述的换热管束的两端固定于管板上,并穿过所述的管板,其特征在于:所述的换热管束截面面积的大小及分布满足谢尔宾斯基地毯式分形结构特征,且所述的分形级数为2〜8级。所述的具有Sierpinski地毯分形结构的Sierpinski单元分形轮廓生成过程如下:
[0010] (1)将一个正方形九等分,去掉中间的一个,用于布置换热管束;
[0011] (2)将上述剩下的八个小正方形再分别进行九等分,各自去掉中间的一个,亦用于布置换热管束;[0012] (3)不断重复上述操作即可得到Sierpinski地毯分形结构。在上述去掉的正方形的区域均布置不同大小的换热管束,即可得到所述的Sierpinski单元。
[0013] 所述的Sierpinski单元换热管束至少有2级,所述的Sierpinski地毯分形结构为所述的Sierpinski单元沿所述的壳体方形阵列布置后构成的换热管束阵列布置结构, 如此便可充分利用壳体空间,以实现热交换器结构紧凑和高效换热的目的。
[0014] 本实用新型的换热管束的截面形状为矩形或圆形。
[0015] 所述的换热管束在壳体内经过周期性的截面变化,使得壳程流体的流通面积发生周期性的变化,流体在反复改变速度梯度和温度梯度的条件下流动,有利于提高流动换热的场协同性,同时换热管束截面的变化使得壳程流体流过管束表面时产生回流和分离,且能促使热边界层的重新生成,从而强化对流换热。
[0016] 所述的具有Sierpinski地毯分形结构特征的换热管束,通过分级产生越来越多的分支管束,且随着级数的增加,各分支管束的管径均逐渐减小,如此不但大幅增加了管程换热面积,通道尺度的缩减还能大幅提高换热系数。所述的Sierpinski地毯分形结构换热管束沿所述的壳体阵列布置充分利用了壳体空间来布置更多的换热管束以增加换热面积, 强化流动换热,同时呈Sierpinski地毯分形结构布置的换热管束可使热交换器内流体的温度分布更加均勻,亦能提高流动换热效率。
[0017] 已有数值模拟计算表明,对于这种多尺度Sierpinski地毯分形结构换热管束的流动换热,随着分形级数的增加,最大换热量逐渐增大,且流动阻力也增大,即泵功消耗增大,但其热有效性(换热量/泵功)却呈增加趋势。由此可知,所述的热交换器在增加换热量的同时,也最大限度地提高了热交换器的热有效性(换热量/泵功),进而达到高效换热和节能的目的。
[0018] 本实用新型提供的多尺度Sierpinski地毯式热交换器,其换热管束、壳体、管板等根据工作条件、流体性质等可选择不同的材料,可选用碳素钢、低合金钢、不锈钢、铜(合金)、铝(合金)、镍(合金)等材料。其管程和壳程流体可为水、氨、乙醇、丙醇、丙酮、有机物、 制冷剂等任意流体工质。管束内的换热方式可为强迫对流换热、沸腾/冷凝相变换热方式等,壳侧的换热方式也可为强迫对流换热、沸腾/冷凝相变换热方式等。
[0019] 有益效果
[0020] 本实用新型热交换器,其换热管束在壳体内经过周期性的截面变化,使得壳程流体的流通面积发生周期性的变化,这有利于改善换热管束表面的流体速度矢量和热流矢量方向的夹角,提高了流动换热的场协同性。同时,换热管束截面变化有助于流体回流和分离现象的产生,且能促使热边界层的重新生成,从而强化对流换热。此外,本实用新型充分利用了壳体空间来布置Sierpinski地毯分形结构换热管束,大大增加了冷、热两种流体进行热交换所需的换热面积,同时也能最大限度地提高热交换器的热有效性(换热量/泵功),达到高效换热和节能的目的。
附图说明
[0021] 图1本实用新型多尺度Sierpinski地毯式热交换器结构示意图。
[0022] 图2本实用新型Sierpinski单元结构示意图。
[0023] 图3本实用新型Sierpinski单元阵列布置平面结构示意图。[0024] 图4本实用新型Sierpinski单元阵列布置结构示意图。
[0025] 图中,1.左管板;2.壳体;3.换热管束;4.右管板;5.壳程流体;6.管程流体。
具体实施方式
[0026] 下面结合附图对本实用新型作进一步说明。
[0027] 图1给出了本实用新型多尺度Sierpinski地毯式热交换器的结构示意图。一种具有Sierpinski地毯分形结构特征换热管束的热交换器,由Sierpinski地毯分形换热管束、壳体和管板等主要部分组成。壳体截面形状一般为矩形,管板1、4分别位于壳体2的两侧,Sierpinski地毯分形换热管束3的两端固定并穿过左右管板1和4。壳程流体5进出口位于壳体2上,管程流体6进出口位于管板1、4上,如此,管板便不仅能分隔管箱内的管程流体与壳体内的壳程流体,还能均勻分配进入各换热管束的管程流体,并起密封作用。同时,换热管束直径大小的周期性变化使得壳程流体在反复改变速度梯度和温度梯度的条件下流动,提高了壳体内流动换热的场协同性,且换热管束的截面变化有助于二次流和涡流的形成,并能促使热边界层的重新生成,从而强化流动换热。
[0028] 图2给出了所述Sierpinski单元结构示意图。所述的Sierpinski地毯换热管束至少有两级(可根据需要增加级数,如设计为3、4、5、6、7或者8级),图中仅画出了 3级, 即具有3种不同截面面积的换热管束。所述的Sierpinski单元分形轮廓生成过程如下: 将一个正方形九等分,去掉中间的一个,用于布置换热管束;将上述剩下的八个小正方形再分别进行九等分,各自去掉中间的一个,亦用于布置换热管束;不断重复上述操作即可得到 Sierpinski地毯分形结构。在上述去掉的正方形的区域均布置不同大小的换热管束,即可得到所述的Sierpinski单元。
[0029] 所述的Sierpinski单元经方形阵列布置后,便可得到如图3、4所述的Sierpinski 地毯分形换热管束阵列布置结构示意图。其阵列的维数可根据实际需要进行布置直至壳体,壳体截面形状为矩形,各换热管束截面形状可为圆形或矩形,如此便可充分利用壳体空间,以实现热交换器结构紧凑和高效换热的目的。
Claims (3)
1. 一种热交换器,包括换热管束、壳体和管板,所述的管板位于壳体的两侧,所述的换热管束的两端固定于管板上,并穿过所述的管板,其特征在于:所述的换热管束截面面积的大小及分布满足谢尔宾斯基地毯式分形结构特征,且所述的分形级数为2〜8级。
2.根据权利要求1所述的热交换器,其特征在于:所述的分形级数为3〜5级。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的热交换器,其特征在于:所述的换热管束的截面形状为圆形或矩形。
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Cited By (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN102345990A (zh) * | 2011-08-25 | 2012-02-08 | 东南大学 | 一种热交换器 |
CN104329917A (zh) * | 2013-07-22 | 2015-02-04 | 太仓市环新生物质燃料有限公司 | 木屑烘干机 |
CN109269327A (zh) * | 2016-10-17 | 2019-01-25 | 四川捷元科技有限公司 | 换热单元及换热矩阵 |
US10267574B2 (en) | 2013-06-11 | 2019-04-23 | Hemlock Semiconductor Operations Llc | Heat exchanger |
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2011
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Cited By (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN102345990A (zh) * | 2011-08-25 | 2012-02-08 | 东南大学 | 一种热交换器 |
US10267574B2 (en) | 2013-06-11 | 2019-04-23 | Hemlock Semiconductor Operations Llc | Heat exchanger |
CN104329917A (zh) * | 2013-07-22 | 2015-02-04 | 太仓市环新生物质燃料有限公司 | 木屑烘干机 |
CN109269327A (zh) * | 2016-10-17 | 2019-01-25 | 四川捷元科技有限公司 | 换热单元及换热矩阵 |
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