CN202204733U - Testing machine for testing durability of material under high-pressure hydrogen circumstance - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model relates to the development field of testing equipment for mechanical properties of materials, and aims to provide a testing machine for testing the durability of materials in a high-pressure hydrogen environment. The testing machine includes a main engine and a high-pressure hydrogen environment box; the environment box is only provided with an opening on one side, and a sealing seat realizes airtight engagement with the box body at the opening of the box body through a pin; rod; the loading rod is provided with at least two seals connected to the seal seat, and the piston is located between the seals; on the side close to the internal opening of the through hole, the piston and the seal are connected to the external atmosphere; the other side of the piston is connected to the seal The through-hole space between the components constitutes a balance cavity, and the balance cavity communicates with the inner cavity of the box through the hydrogen gas channel opened in the sealing seat. The utility model uses the air pressure in the high-pressure test chamber to realize the balance of the gas thrust of the loading rod; by setting the load sensitive element inside the loading rod, the load of the sample can be directly measured, and the interference of the high-pressure sealing element on the load measurement accuracy can be avoided.

Description

Testing machine for testing the durability of materials in a high-pressure hydrogen environment

technical field

The utility model belongs to the field of material mechanical performance testing equipment development, in particular to a testing machine for testing the durability of materials in a high-pressure hydrogen environment.

Background technique

Hydrogen energy has the advantages of high conversion efficiency, clean combustion products and diversified uses, and is an important secondary energy source in the new century. Economical, efficient, safe and reliable hydrogen storage technology is the key to the industrialization of hydrogen energy utilization. High-pressure hydrogen storage equipment has the advantages of simple structure, low compression energy consumption, and fast charging and discharging speed. It is currently an absolutely dominant hydrogen energy storage method. In order to meet the requirements of the mileage of hydrogen vehicles, the storage pressure of high-pressure hydrogen is mostly above 35MPa.

However, long-term work in a high-pressure hydrogen environment will reduce the durability of materials due to hydrogen embrittlement, which may lead to sudden failure of high-pressure hydrogen system components and even explosion accidents. And with the increase of hydrogen storage pressure, this problem becomes more prominent. In order to ensure the long-term, safe, stable and reliable operation of the high-pressure hydrogen system, it is necessary to test and evaluate the durability of materials in the high-pressure hydrogen environment.

At present, there are two main types of equipment for testing the mechanical properties of materials in a high-pressure hydrogen environment. One category uses non-standard samples, such as disc samples, hollow tubular samples, etc. This type of equipment is highly dependent on factors such as sample processing accuracy, and it is difficult to form a standard and unified test method and material performance evaluation index. The other type adopts the method of docking the high-pressure hydrogen environment box on the main machine of the existing testing machine. This type of equipment can learn from the existing methods of testing and evaluating the mechanical properties of materials. However, the design and development of such test equipment faces the following challenges:

(1) The hydrogen in the high-pressure test chamber can generate a thrust of up to several tons in the axial direction of the loading rod. When the tested sample breaks, this part of the force will impact the power output device of the main engine, reducing its control accuracy and service life;

(2) The real load applied to the sample is an important parameter for testing the mechanical properties of materials. According to the positional relationship between the load sensor and the high-pressure test chamber, it can be divided into two types: built-in type and external type. If the built-in type is used, the load sensor is placed in the high-pressure test chamber, and hydrogen gas can penetrate into the load measuring element, changing its resistance and other properties, resulting in distortion of the measurement results; if the load sensor is placed externally, the friction force at the high-pressure hydrogen pneumatic seal needs to be removed However, this frictional force varies with the number of loadings, so it is difficult to measure accurately.

At present, there is no relevant testing machine at home and abroad that provides a better solution to the above problems.

Utility model content

The technical problem to be solved by the utility model is to overcome the deficiencies in the prior art and propose a testing machine for testing the durability of materials in a high-pressure hydrogen environment.

In order to solve technical problems, the utility model takes the following measures:

Provided is a testing machine for testing the durability of materials in a high-pressure hydrogen environment, including a main engine equipped with a power output rod, and a high-pressure hydrogen environment box with a sample support inside, and a high-pressure hydrogen interface on the high-pressure hydrogen environment box; the high-pressure hydrogen The environmental box is only provided with an opening on one side of the box body, and a sealing seat realizes airtight connection with the box body at the opening of the box body through a pin; a through hole is provided along the center line of the sealing seat, and a through hole is built in. A loading rod with a piston; the loading rod is provided with at least two seals engaged with the seal seat, and the piston is located between the two seals; on the side close to the internal opening of the through hole, the space between the piston and the seal It communicates with the external atmosphere; the through-hole space between the other side of the piston and the seal forms a balance cavity, and the balance cavity communicates with the inner cavity of the box through the hydrogen channel opened in the seal seat.

As an improvement, the loading rod is a hollow structure, and a self-tightening sealing plug is provided at the end extending into the inner cavity of the box; a load-sensitive element is arranged on the inner wall of the loading rod, and the lead wire of the load-sensitive element is connected by the loading rod. The inside leads out from the other end.

As an improvement, a lifting device is provided on the outside of the high-pressure hydrogen environment box, and the high-pressure hydrogen environment box and the host have any one of the following positional relationships: the high-pressure hydrogen environment box is located above the host and the host is fixed relative to the ground, and the lifting device is connected to To the high-pressure hydrogen environment box; the host is fixed with a guide column, and the high-pressure hydrogen environment box is provided with a guide ring plate, and the guide column is located in the through hole on the guide ring plate; or, the high-pressure hydrogen environment box is located below the host and the high-pressure hydrogen environment box is opposite Fixed on the ground, the lifting device is connected to the host; the high-pressure hydrogen environment box is fixed with a guide column, and the host is provided with a guide ring plate, and the guide column is located in the through hole on the guide ring plate.

As an improvement, the high-pressure hydrogen environment box has a built-in cooling pipe, and the sealing seat is provided with an inlet and outlet of the cooling pipe and an outlet of internal sensor lead wires.

As an improvement, the inlet and outlet of the cooling pipe and the outlet of the internal sensor leads are provided with a detachable cone sealing structure on one side of the box.

The beneficial effects of the utility model are:

The utility model uses the air pressure in the high-pressure test chamber to balance the gas thrust of the loading rod by setting a hydrogen channel on the sealing seat of the box body; by setting the load-sensitive element inside the loading rod, the load of the sample can be directly measured to avoid the impact of the high-pressure sealing element on the load. Interference with measurement accuracy.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is the overall structural representation of the utility model;

Fig. 2 is the cross-sectional view of the section where the pin structure is located;

Figure 3 is a partial enlarged view of the box sealing seat;

Figure 4 is a partial enlarged view of the real load measurement structure of the sample.

The reference signs in the figure are: bracket top plate 1, guide column 2, upper guide ring plate 3, sample 4, sealing seat 5, lower guide ring plate 6, box sealing seat base plate 7, balance chamber sealing bottom cover 8, Main engine base 9, main engine base 10, actuator 11, external load sensor 12, main engine power output rod 13, loading rod 14, balance chamber 15, pin guide channel steel 16, pin 17, pin guide block 18 , sample fixture 19, high pressure test chamber 20, sample support 21, box body 22, box lifting hydraulic cylinder 23, hydraulic cylinder cylinder seal seat 24, hydrogen channel 25, hydrogen connection pipe 26, heat insulating filler 27, cooling pipe inlet Cone sealing structure 28, loading rod sealing plug 29, load sensitive element 30, cooling pipe outlet cone sealing structure 31, loading rod load sensitive element lead wire 32, environmental chamber internal sensor lead wire 33, loading rod first dynamic seal 34, Sealing resin 35, lead wire outlet sealing plug 36.

Detailed ways

This embodiment provides a testing machine for testing material durability in a high-pressure hydrogen environment. The testing machine includes a high-pressure test chamber 20 composed of a box body 22 and a seal seat 5, a balance chamber 15 composed of a loading rod 14, a seal seat 5, and a balance chamber sealed bottom cover 8, a sample load measuring device, and a box lifting device. After the box body 22 is matched with the sealing seat 5, the column pin 17 is inserted into the pin hole to limit the relative movement of the box body 22 and the sealing seat 5, so as to realize the joint bearing and sealing of the two. One end of the loading rod 14 is connected to the tested sample 4 through the sample clamp 19, and the other end is connected to the power output end of the testing machine, so as to realize the loading of the sample. Pull out the column pin 17, start the box body lifting device, and the box body 22 moves up, so that the sample 4, brackets and clamps, etc. are exposed to the open space, which is convenient for the sample 4 to be disassembled.

The specific embodiment of the utility model is set forth below in conjunction with accompanying drawing.

As shown in FIG. 1 , one end of the box body 22 is closed and the other end is open. A sample support 21 is provided in the box, and a clamp 19 matching the tested sample 4 is provided on the support. The open end of the box body matches with the sealing seat 5. The upper end of the sealing seat 5 is connected with the sample support 21 by a screw structure, and the lower end is fixed on the base plate 7 of the sealing seat of the box body. A balance cavity 15 is opened on the side of the sealing seat 5 away from the box body 22, and a loading rod 14 with a piston is arranged in the cavity. The loading rod 14 runs through the sealing seat 5 , one end extends into the box body 22 to connect with the sample holder 19 , and the other end passes through the sealed bottom cover 8 of the balance chamber to connect with the power output rod 13 of the main engine. The deformation force of the sample 4 is provided by the actuator 11, and the external load sensor 12 can measure the output load of the actuator 11 in real time. The environmental box is equipped with a lifting device, including an upper guide ring plate 3 connected to the closed end of the box body 22 and a lower guide ring plate 6 connected to the open end, and box lifting hydraulic cylinders 23 arranged on both sides of the box body 22, Guide columns 2 evenly distributed around the casing 22. The bottom end of the guide column 2 is fixed on the main engine base 9 equipped with the actuator 11, and runs through the box sealing seat substrate 7, the lower guide ring plate 6, the upper guide ring plate 3 and the support top plate 1 sequentially from bottom to top. The environmental chamber is also provided with a pin structure, including a pin 17 , a pair of pin guide blocks 18 and a pair of guide channel steel 16 arranged on the lower guide ring plate 6 . The pin hole on the guide block 18 is coaxial with the pin hole on the casing 22 and the sealing seat 5 and the aperture size matches the diameter of the pin 17 .

The opening and closing of the high-pressure hydrogen environment box is jointly realized by the lifting device and the pin structure. As shown in FIG. 2 , after the box body 22 is matched with the sealing seat 5 , the pin 17 is pushed into the pin hole, and the high-pressure hydrogen environment box is sealed and closed. Pull out the column pin 17, start the hydraulic cylinder 23, push the lower guide ring plate 6, the box body 22, and the upper guide ring plate 3 to move upward along the guide column 2, so that the sample 4, the clamp 19 and the sample support 21 are exposed to the To open the space means to realize the opening of the high-pressure hydrogen environment box.

As shown in Figure 3, a hydrogen channel 25 is opened on the sealing seat 5, and the hydrogen channel 25 communicates the high-pressure test chamber 20 with the balance chamber 15, so that the pressure in the two chambers is always kept the same. In addition, the cross-sectional area of the end of the loading rod 14 extending into the high-pressure test chamber 20 is equal to the area of the ring formed by the piston head and the piston rod in the balance chamber 15 . Therefore, the downward thrust exerted by the high-pressure hydrogen in the high-pressure test chamber 20 on the loading rod 14 is always equal to the upward thrust generated by the high-pressure hydrogen in the balance chamber 15 on the loading rod 14, which prevents the loading rod 14 from acting against each other when the sample 4 breaks. The impact of actuator 11.

As shown in FIG. 4 , the end of the hollow loading rod 14 protruding into the high pressure test chamber 20 is provided with a load sensitive element 30 . The loading rod sealing plug 29 isolates the load sensitive element 30 from the high-pressure hydrogen, avoiding the distortion of the measurement result caused by the high-pressure hydrogen. In addition, the load sensitive element 30 is located on the upper side of the first dynamic seal 34 of the loading rod, which avoids the influence of dynamic friction and ensures that the load measured by the load sensitive element 30 is the load applied to the sample 4 . The electrical signal obtained by the load sensing element 30 is drawn out through the lead wire 32 and connected to the signal processing system.

In addition, as shown in Figures 3 and 4, the sealing seat 5 is also provided with a cooling pipe inlet and outlet, and the cooling pipe is provided with a detachable cooling pipe inlet cone sealing structure 28 and a cooling pipe on the side extending into the high-pressure test chamber 20. The pipe outlet cone sealing structure 31 is used to seal the high-pressure hydrogen, and the detachable structure allows the cooling pipe in the high-pressure test chamber 20 to be matched according to the sample and fixture form. The heat insulating packing 27 is filled between the cooling pipe and the opening of the inlet and outlet to prevent the temperature of the sealing seat 5 and the sealing bottom cover 8 of the balance chamber from being too low, which will affect the sealing effect of the O-ring. The lead wire outlet of the internal sensor is provided with a detachable lead wire outlet sealing plug 36 on the side extending into the high-pressure test chamber. There is a tapered hole on the plug, and the lead wire passes through the hole, and it is poured with resin. The sealing resin 35 has self-tightness under high pressure. sealing effect.

The above is only an implementation case of the utility model, and does not limit the utility model in any form. Although the utility model has been disclosed as above with a preferred implementation example, it is not used to limit the utility model. Those skilled in the art may use the structure and technical content disclosed above to make some changes or modifications without departing from the scope of the technical solutions of the present utility model to become equivalent implementation examples with equivalent changes.

For example, the utility model does not limit that the environmental chamber must be placed above the actuator, and the actuator can be placed above the actuator according to actual needs. At this time, the cabinet is fixed relative to the ground, and the sealing seat, sample support and loading rod, etc. It can move up and down with the actuator.

For another example, the utility model is not limited to open a hole in the sealing seat to connect the high-pressure test chamber with the balance chamber, and the two chambers can be respectively externally connected with inlet and outlet gas connectors and communicated externally. Even the balance chamber can not be opened in the seal seat, but can be made into a separate seal unit, and communicated with the high-pressure test chamber through an external connecting pipe, which can also realize the balance of the axial thrust of the loading rod.

For another example, the utility model does not limit the medium in the box to be high-pressure hydrogen, and it is also applicable to the durability test of materials under high-pressure natural gas, high-pressure hydrogen and natural gas mixed gas and other environments.

However, any simple modifications, equivalent changes and modifications made to the above implementation cases according to the technical essence of the present invention for the content that does not deviate from the technical solution of the present utility model still belong to the scope of the technical solution of the present utility model.

Claims (5)

1. A testing machine for testing the durability of materials in a high-pressure hydrogen environment, including a main engine equipped with a power output rod, and a high-pressure hydrogen environment box with a sample support inside, and a high-pressure hydrogen interface on the high-pressure hydrogen environment box; it is characterized in that the The above-mentioned high-pressure hydrogen environment box is only provided with an opening on one side of the box body, and a sealing seat realizes airtight connection with the box body at the opening of the box body through a pin; a through hole is provided along the center line of the sealing seat, through which A loading rod with a piston is built in the hole; at least two seals connected to the sealing seat are arranged on the loading rod, and the piston is located between the two seals; The space between them communicates with the outside atmosphere; the through-hole space between the other side of the piston and the seal forms a balance cavity, and the balance cavity communicates with the inner cavity of the box through the hydrogen channel opened in the seal seat. 2. The testing machine according to claim 1, characterized in that, the loading rod is a hollow structure, and a self-tightening sealing plug is set at the end extending into the inner cavity of the box; a load is set on the inner wall of the loading rod. Sensitive element, the lead wire of the load sensitive element is drawn from the other end from the inside of the loading rod. 3. According to the testing machine described in any one of claims 1 and 2, it is characterized in that a lifting device is arranged outside the high-pressure hydrogen environment box, and the high-pressure hydrogen environment box and the main engine have any one of the following positional relationships: The high-pressure hydrogen environment box is located above the host and the host is fixed relative to the ground, and the lifting device is connected to the high-pressure hydrogen environment box; a guide column is fixed on the host, and a guide ring plate is set on the high-pressure hydrogen environment box, and the guide column is located in the through hole on the guide ring plate in; or, The high-pressure hydrogen environment box is located below the host and the high-pressure hydrogen environment box is fixed relative to the ground, and the lifting device is connected to the host; the high-pressure hydrogen environment box is fixed with a guide column, and the host is provided with a guide ring plate, and the guide column is located in the through hole on the guide ring plate middle. 4. The testing machine according to any one of claims 1 or 2, characterized in that the high-pressure hydrogen environment box has a built-in cooling pipe, and the sealing seat is provided with an inlet and outlet of the cooling pipe and an outlet of internal sensor lead wires. 5. The testing machine according to claim 4, characterized in that, the inlet and outlet of the cooling pipe and the outlet of the internal sensor leads are provided with a detachable cone sealing structure on one side of the box.

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